List of largest cities

Determining the world's largest cities depends on which definitions of city are used. The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities may be classified using the same criteria.[1] Cities may be defined as the cities proper, the extent of their urban area, or their metropolitan regions.[1]

Common methods for defining the boundaries of a city

City proper (administrative)

A city can be defined by its administrative boundaries (city proper). World Urbanization Prospects, a UN publication, defines population of a city proper as "the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city or controlled directly from the city by a single authority." UNICEF[1] defines city proper as "the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city, e.g., Washington, D.C.". A city proper is a locality defined according to legal or political boundaries and an administratively recognised urban status that is usually characterised by some form of local government.[2][3][4] Cities proper and their boundaries and population data may not include suburbs.[5]

The use of city proper as defined by administrative boundaries may not include suburban areas where an important proportion of the population working or studying in the city lives.[5] Because of this definition, the city proper population figure may differ greatly with the urban area population figure, as many cities are amalgamations of smaller cities (Australia), and conversely, many Chinese cities govern territories that extend well beyond the traditional "city proper" into suburban and rural areas.[6]

Urban area

See also: Number of urban areas by country

A city can be defined as a conditionally contiguous urban area, without regard to territorial or other boundaries inside an urban area. UNICEF[1] defines urban area as follows:

The definition of "urban" varies from country to country, and, with periodic reclassification, can also vary within one country over time, making direct comparisons difficult. An urban area can be defined by one or more of the following: administrative criteria or political boundaries (e.g., area within the jurisdiction of a municipality or town committee), a threshold population size (where the minimum for an urban settlement is typically in the region of 2,000 people, although this varies globally between 200 and 50,000), population density, economic function (e.g., where a significant majority of the population is not primarily engaged in agriculture, or where there is surplus employment) or the presence of urban characteristics (e.g., paved streets, electric lighting, sewerage).

Metropolitan area

A city can be defined by the habits of its demographic population, as by metropolitan area, labour market area, or similar in a metropolitan area. UNICEF[1] defines metropolitan area as follows:

A formal local government area comprising the urban area as a whole and its primary commuter areas, typically formed around a city with a large concentration of people (i.e., a population of at least 100,000). In addition to the city proper, a metropolitan area includes both the surrounding territory with urban levels of residential density and some additional lower-density areas that are adjacent to and linked to the city (e.g., through frequent transport, road linkages or commuting facilities).

Largest cities

City Country Image Population
City proper Metropolitan area Urban area[7]
Shanghai  China 24,256,800[8] 34,750,000[9] 23,416,000[lower-alpha 1]
Karachi  Pakistan 23,500,000[10] 25,100,000[11] 25,400,000
Beijing  China 21,516,000[12] 24,900,000[13] 21,009,000
Delhi  India 11,034,555[14] 24,998,000 21,753,486[15]
Lagos  Nigeria 16,060,303[lower-alpha 2] 21,000,000[18] 13,123,000
Dhaka  Bangladesh 14,543,124[19][20] 18,898,000[21][22]
Guangzhou  China 14,043,500[23] 44,259,000[24] 20,800,654[25]
Istanbul  Turkey 14,025,000[26] 13,520,000 14,657,000[26]
Tokyo  Japan 13,513,734[27] 37,843,000 36,923,000[28]
Mumbai  India 12,478,447[15] 17,712,000 20,748,395[15]
Moscow  Russia 12,197,596[29] 16,170,000 16,800,000
São Paulo  Brazil 12,038,175[30] 21,090,791 36,842,102[31]
Shenzhen  China 10,778,900[32][lower-alpha 3] 12,084,000
Suzhou  China 10,650,501[33]
Lahore  Pakistan 10,355,000 13,569,000 10,665,000[34]
Cairo  Egypt 10,230,350[35] 18,290,000 22,439,541
Kinshasa  DR Congo 10,130,000[36] 13,265,000
Jakarta  Indonesia 10,075,310[37] 30,539,000 30,075,310[38]
Seoul  Korea, South 9,995,784[39] 12,700,000 25,520,000[40]
Mexico City  Mexico 8,974,724[41] 20,063,000 21,178,959[42]
Lima  Peru 8,852,000[43] 10,750,000 9,886,647[44]
London  United Kingdom 8,787,892[45] 13,879,757 9,787,426[46]
Xi'an  China 8,705,600[47] 13,569,700[48]
New York City  United States 8,550,405[49] 20,182,305 23,723,696[50]
Bengaluru  India 8,425,970[15] 9,807,000 8,728,906[15]
Bangkok  Thailand 8,280,925[51] 14,998,000 8,305,218[51]
Nanjing  China 8,230,000[52] 34,360,000[53]
Dongguan  China 8,220,207[54][32][lower-alpha 4]
Chongqing  China 8,189,800[lower-alpha 5] 52,100,100 36,700,000[56]
Tehran  Iran 8,154,051[57] 13,532,000 14,595,904[58]
Quanzhou  China 8,128,533 6,107,475 1,435,185
Shenyang  China 8,106,171[59]
Bogotá  Colombia 7,878,783 [60] 9,800,000[61][62] 9,520,000[7]
Hyderabad  India 7,859,250[15] 8,955,450[15]
Ho Chi Minh City  Vietnam 7,681,700[63]
Hong Kong  China 7,374,900[64]
Baghdad  Iraq 7,180,889[65]
Fuzhou  China 7,115,369 4,468,076
Chennai  India 7,088,000[66] 9,373,521[15]
Changsha  China 7,044,118[67]
Wuhan  China 6,886,253[68]
Tianjin  China 6,859,779[69] 15,469,500 12,784,000
Hanoi  Vietnam 6,844,100[63]
Faisalabad  Pakistan 6,480,765[70] 3,675,000
Rio de Janeiro  Brazil 6,429,923[71] 12,727,000 13,973,505[30]
Qingdao  China 6,188,100 9,046,200 6,188,100
Foshan  China 6,151,622[72][73][32][lower-alpha 6]
Zunyi  China 6,127,009
Santiago  Chile 5,743,719[74] 6,683,852[75]
Riyadh  Saudi Arabia 5,676,621[76]
Ahmedabad  India 5,570,585[15] 6,352,254[15]
Singapore  Singapore 5,535,000[77]
Shantou  China 5,391,028[78] 11,535,677
Ankara  Turkey 5,271,000[26] 4,585,000[26] 4,919,000[26]
Yangon  Myanmar 5,214,000[79]
Saint Petersburg  Russia 5,191,690[80] 5,900,000 6,200,000
Casablanca  Morocco 5,117,832[81] 6,861,739 6,861,739
Abidjan  Ivory Coast 4,765,000[82]
Chengdu  China 4,741,929[83] 10,376,000
Alexandria  Egypt 4,616,625[84]
Kolkata  India 4,486,679[15] 14,667,000 14,617,882[15]
Surat  India 4,462,002[15]
Johannesburg  South Africa 4,434,827[85]
Dar es Salaam  Tanzania 4,364,541[86]
Shijiazhuang  China 4,303,700 10,701,600 4,303,700
Harbin  China 4,280,701[87][88] 10,635,971 6,704,573
Giza  Egypt 4,239,988[89]
İzmir  Turkey 4,168,000[26] 3,019,000[26] 3,575,000[26]
Zhengzhou  China 4,122,087[90]
New Taipei City  Taiwan 3,954,929[91]
Los Angeles  United States 3,884,307[92] 15,058,000 13,262,220[50]
Changchun  China 3,815,270 7,674,439[93] 4,193,073
Cape Town  South Africa 3,740,026[85]
Yokohama  Japan 3,726,167[27][lower-alpha 7]
Khartoum  Sudan 3,639,598 5,274,321 5,345,000[94]
Guayaquil  Ecuador 3,600,000[95] 5,000,000
Hangzhou  China 3,560,391[96]
Xiamen  China 3,531,347[97] 5,114,758 1,861,289
Berlin  Germany 3,517,424[98] 5,871,022
Busan  Korea, South 3,510,833[40] 8,202,239[99]
Ningbo  China 3,491,597[100] 7,639,000 3,491,597
Jeddah  Saudi Arabia 3,456,259[101]
Durban  South Africa 3,442,361[85]
Hyderabad  Pakistan 3,429,471[102]
Algiers  Algeria 3,415,811 5,000,000
Kabul  Afghanistan 3,414,100[103]
Hefei  China 3,352,076[104]
Mashhad  Iran 3,312,090 3,372,660
Pyongyang  Korea, North 3,255,388[105]
Madrid  Spain 3,207,247[106] 6,378,297[46]
Baku  Azerbaijan 3,202,300 4,308,740 3,525,000[107]
Peshawar  Pakistan 3,201,000
Rawalpindi  Pakistan 3,198,911[108]
Tangshan  China 3,187,171 7,536,521 3,187,171
Ekurhuleni  South Africa 3,178,470[85]
Nairobi  Kenya 3,138,369[109]
Zhongshan  China 3,121,275[110]
Multan  Pakistan 3,117,000[111]
Pune  India 3,115,431[15]
Addis Ababa  Ethiopia 3,103,673[112] 4,567,857 3,384,569
Jaipur  India 3,073,350[15]
Buenos Aires  Argentina 3,054,300[113] 14,122,000 13,074,000[114]
Wenzhou  China 9,122,102[115] 3,039,439[115] 6,642,592[115]
Incheon  Korea, South 2,978,367[116]
Quezon City  Philippines 2,936,116[117][lower-alpha 8]
Kiev  Ukraine 2,908,703 [118] 3,375,000[119]
Salvador  Brazil 2,902,927[120] 3,919,864[121]
Rome  Italy 2,877,215[122] 4,353,775[123][lower-alpha 9]
Luanda  Angola 2,825,311 6,542,944[124]
Lucknow  India 2,815,601[15]
Kaohsiung  Taiwan 2,778,918[125] 2,540,000
Kanpur  India 2,768,057[126] 3,152,317 2,920,496[127]
Surabaya  Indonesia 2,765,487[128] 7,302,283 9,115,485[129][130]
Taichung  Taiwan 2,752,413[131] 2,520,000[132]
Basra  Iraq 2,750,000[133]
Toronto  Canada 2,731,571 6,417,516 6,129,900
Taipei  Taiwan 2,704,974 7,045,488[134]
Gujranwala  Pakistan 2,700,003[135]
Chicago  United States 2,695,598[136] 9,156,000 9,554,598[50]
Osaka  Japan 2,691,742[27] 19,341,976[28] 17,444,000
Quito  Ecuador 2,671,191 4,700,000
Chaozhou  China 2,669,844
Dubai  United Arab Emirates 2,643,410
Fortaleza  Brazil 2,609,716 4,019,213
Chittagong  Bangladesh 2,581,643[137] 4,009,423
Bandung  Indonesia 2,575,478 6,965,655 8,495,928[129]
Managua  Nicaragua 2,560,789 2,205,676
Brasília  Brazil 2,556,149[138] 3,919,864[121]
Belo Horizonte  Brazil 2,502,557[139] 5,156,217
Daegu  Korea, South 2,492,994[140]
Houston  United States 2,489,558[141] 6,490,180 4,944,332
Douala  Cameroon 2,446,945[142]
Medellin  Colombia 2,441,123[143] 3,731,447 2,497,870
Yaoundé  Cameroon 2,440,462[142]
Nagpur  India 2,405,665[144] 2,497,870
Cali  Colombia 2,400,653[145] 3,400,000
Tashkent  Uzbekistan 2,309,600
Nagoya  Japan 2,296,014[27] 9,107,414[28] 10,177,000
Isfahan  Iran 2,243,249
Phnom Penh  Cambodia 2,234,566
Kochi  India 2,232,456 4,221,140
Paris  France 2,229,621 10,601,122
Ouagadougou  Burkina Faso 2,200,000 2,500,000
Lanzhou  China 2,177,130 3,616,163 2,177,130
Kano  Nigeria 2,153,225 3,395,000 9,383,682
Dalian  China 2,146,099 5,935,638 3,964,593
Guatemala City  Guatemala 2,110,100[146] 4,500,000[146]
Havana  Cuba 2,106,146[147]
Medan  Indonesia 2,097,610 4,103,696
Accra  Ghana 2,070,463[148] 4,010,054[148]
Visakhapatnam  India 2,035,922 5,340,000[149]
Jinan  China 2,009,273 5,853,196
Karaj  Iran 1,973,470
Minsk  Belarus 1,959,781[150]
Caracas  Venezuela 1,943,901 2,923,959
Sana'a  Yemen 1,937,451[27] 2,167,961
Sapporo  Japan 1,918,096[27] 2,584,880
Islamabad  Pakistan 1,900,000[151] 2,200,000 1,829,180
Tainan  Taiwan 1,885,252[152] 1,170,000[153]
Bucharest  Romania 1,883,425 2,272,163[154] 1,931,000[155]
Curitiba  Brazil 1,879,355 3,400,000
Shiraz  Iran 1,869,001
Vienna  Austria 1,863,881 2,600,000
Brazzaville  Congo Republic 1,827,000
Bhopal  India 1,798,218[156] 1,864,389 1,745,333
Hamburg  Germany 1,787,408[157] 5,046,182
Manila  Philippines 1,780,148[117] 12,877,253[117] 24,123,000
Kuala Lumpur  Malaysia 1,768,000[158] 7,200,000[159]
Maputo  Mozambique 1,766,184 1,766,823
Budapest  Hungary 1,759,407[160] 2,927,944[161] 3,303,786
Warsaw  Poland 1,753,977[162] 3,100,844[161]
Lusaka  Zambia 1,742,979 2,467,467
Kathmandu    Nepal 1,744,240 2,517,023
Tabriz  Iran 1,733,033[163]
Palembang  Indonesia 1,708,413
Almaty  Kazakhstan 1,703,481
Tijuana  Mexico 1,696,923 1,895,797
Patna  India 1,683,200 2,231,554 2,046,652[164]
Montreal  Canada 1,649,519 4,127,100 3,407,963
Davao City  Philippines 1,632,991[165] 2,516,216[lower-alpha 10]
Harare  Zimbabwe 1,606,000 1,619,000[166]
Barcelona  Spain 1,604,555[167] 5,375,774 4,740,000[168]
Maracaibo  Venezuela 1,599,940[169] 3,897,655 2,658,355
Caloocan  Philippines 1,583,978[117][lower-alpha 11]
Philadelphia  United States 1,567,872[170] 6,069,875[171] 7,183,479[172]
Novosibirsk  Russia 1,567,087[173]
Phoenix  United States 1,563,025[174] 4,574,531 3,629,114
Bulawayo  Zimbabwe 1,050,000 1,200,000[175]
Oran  Algeria 1,560,329[176] 3,454,078
Semarang  Indonesia 1,555,984 3,183,516
Recife  Brazil 1,555,039 3,743,854
Kobe  Japan 1,536,499[27][lower-alpha 12]
Daejeon  Korea, South 1,535,028
Kampala  Uganda 1,507,080
Kawasaki  Japan 1,496,035[27][lower-alpha 13]
Guadalajara  Mexico 1,495,189 4,424,252
Auckland  New Zealand 1,495,000[177] 1,614,300[178]
Vijayawada  India 1,491,202[179] 5,873,588
Fukuoka  Japan 1,483,052[27] 5,590,378
Kwangju  Korea, South 1,477,780[140]
Porto Alegre  Brazil 1,476,867
Kyoto  Japan 1,474,570[27][lower-alpha 14]
San Antonio  United States 1,469,845[180] 2,454,061
Santa Cruz de la Sierra  Bolivia 1,453,549 1,749,000
Munich  Germany 1,450,381[181] 2,606,021
Kharkov  Ukraine 1,447,881 [182] 1,650,000[183]
Yekaterinburg  Russia 1,428,042
San Diego  United States 1,394,928[180] 3,095,313 2,956,746
Barranquilla  Colombia 1,386,865[184] 2,370,753[184]
Milan  Italy 1,359,905[185] 3,206,465[lower-alpha 15]
Ibadan  Nigeria 1,338,659 2,837,000 3,375,000
Makassar  Indonesia 1,338,633 1,976,168
Córdoba  Argentina 1,330,023[186] 1,528,000
Prague  Czech Republic 1,324,000[187]
Mandalay  Myanmar 1,319,452[188] 1,726,889
Dallas  United States 1,317,929[189] 7,233,323[190] 5,121,892[191]
Montevideo  Uruguay 1,305,082[192] 1,947,604 1,719,453
Nizhny Novgorod  Russia 1,250,619[193]
Abuja  Nigeria 1,235,880 6,000,000[194] 2,440,000
Calgary  Canada 1,235,171[195] 1,214,839 1,095,404
Saitama  Japan 1,226,656[27][lower-alpha 16]
Hiroshima  Japan 1,196,274
Rosario  Argentina 1,193,605[196] 1,276,000[197]
Brisbane  Australia 1,180,285[198] 2,349,699[199][198]
Belgrade  Serbia 1,166,763[200] 1,233,796[200] 1,659,440[200]
Campinas  Brazil 1,164,098[201] 3,094,181[201]
Ulsan  Korea, South 1,163,690[40]
Omsk  Russia 1,154,116[202]
Dakar  Senegal 1,146,053[203] 2,452,656[203]
Abu Dhabi  United Arab Emirates 1,145,000
Monterrey  Mexico 1,130,960 4,520,329
Tripoli  Libya 1,126,000 2,267,000 2,325,000
Rostov-on-Don  Russia 1,119,900[204]
T'bilisi  Georgia 1,118,035[205] 1,485,293
Fez  Morocco 1,112,072[206]
Birmingham  United Kingdom 1,111,300 3,683,000 2,440,986
Yerevan  Armenia 1,060,138[207]
Cologne  Germany 1,057,327[208] 3,573,500
Tunis  Tunisia 1,056,247 2,643,695 2,294,547

See also

Notes

  1. Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi, Ningbo, Changzhou, Shaoxing, and urban area of Zhangjiaggang-Jiangyin within the prefecture-level cities of Suzhou and Wuxi are treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Yangtze River Delta economic zone. Huai'an (1,856,000; 148 km2), Xuzhou (1,246,000; 233 km2), Nantong (1,036,000; 233 km2), Lianyungang (985,000; 155 km2), Zhenjiang (983,000; 168 km2), Yancheng (797,000; 207 km2), Huzhou (690,000; 111 km2), Taizhou (in Jiangsu Province; 300,000; 117 km2) and Suqian (220,000; 36 km2), as well as urban areas of Yangzhou (1,593,000; 233 km2) and Gaoyou (180,000; 39 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Yangzhou, urban areas of Kunshan (1,596,000; 492 km2), Changshu (1,139,000; 285 km2) and Taicang (523,000; 117 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Suzhou, urban areas of Cixi (1,200,000; 298 km2) and Yuyao (650,000; 122 km2) within the sub-provincial city of Ningbo, urban areas of Jiaxing (1,044,000; 259 km2) and Tongxiang (510,000; 52 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Jiaxing, urban areas of Wenling (510,000; 52 km2), Jiaojiang (375,000; 41 km2) and Huangyan (200,000; 34 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Taizhou (in Zhejiang Province), urban areas of Zhuji (500,000; 117 km2) and Shangyu (400,000; 158 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Shaoxing, urban areas of Yiwu-Dongyang (925,000; 233 km2), Jinhua (520,000; 186 km2), Yongkang (500,000; 223 km2), Dongyang (260,000; 104 km2) and Lanxi (220,000; 34 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Jinhua, and urban area of Fuyang (450,000; 49 km2) within the sub-provincial city of Hangzhou are also excluded.
  2. Lagos consists 16 out of Lagos State's 20 LGA, which excludes: Badagry, Epe, Ibeju-Lekki and Ikorodu.[16][17]
  3. Shenzhen, Dongguan and Foshan are all part of the Pearl River Delta, centered on Guangzhou.
  4. Shenzhen, Dongguan and Foshan are all part of the Pearl River Delta, centered on Guangzhou.
  5. Sum of the 2014 population estimates for the "urban-function core district" and "urban-function extended district" of Chongqing, which were 3,677,600 and 4,512,200 respectively.[55] See also the next note.
  6. Shenzhen, Dongguan and Foshan are all part of the Pearl River Delta, centered on Guangzhou.
  7. The cities of Yokohama, Kawasaki and Saitama are all part of the Greater Tokyo Area
  8. Quezon City and Caloocan City are both under the administration of Metropolitan Manila
  9. Rome and its neighbouring comunes are all under the administration of Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
  10. Davao City and its neighbouring cities and towns are all under part of Metropolitan Davao
  11. Quezon City and Caloocan City are both under the administration of Metropolitan Manila
  12. Kyoto and Kobe are both part of the Keihanshin, centered on Osaka.
  13. The cities of Yokohama, Kawasaki and Saitama are all part of the Greater Tokyo Area
  14. Kyoto and Kobe are both part of the Keihanshin, centered on Osaka.
  15. Milan and its neighbouring comunes are all under the administration of Metropolitan City of Milan
  16. The cities of Yokohama, Kawasaki and Saitama are all part of the Greater Tokyo Area

References

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  18. "Population". Lagos State Government. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
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  20. "Population & Housing Census-2011" (PDF). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. p. 41. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
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