Major-General's Song

Henry Lytton as the Major-General (1919).
Drawing from 1884 children's Pirates

"I Am the Very Model of a Modern Major-General" (often referred to as the "Major-General's Song" or "Modern Major-General's Song") is a patter song from Gilbert and Sullivan's 1879 comic opera The Pirates of Penzance. It is perhaps the most famous song in Gilbert and Sullivan's operas. It is sung by Major General Stanley at his first entrance, towards the end of Act I. The song satirises the idea of the "modern" educated British Army officer of the latter 19th century. It is one of the most difficult patter songs to perform, due to the fast pace and tongue-twisting nature of the lyrics.[1]

The song is replete with historical and cultural references, in which the Major-General describes his impressive and well-rounded education, but he says that his military knowledge has "only been brought down to the beginning of the century". The stage directions in the libretto state that at the end of each verse the Major-General is "bothered for a rhyme". Interpolated business occurs here, and in each case he finds a rhyme and finishes the verse with a flourish.[2]

Historical basis

The character of Major-General Stanley was widely taken to be a caricature of the popular general Sir Garnet Wolseley. The biographer Michael Ainger, however, doubts that Gilbert intended a caricature of Wolseley, identifying instead General Henry Turner, uncle of Gilbert's wife, as the pattern for the "modern Major-General". Gilbert disliked Turner, who, unlike the progressive Wolseley, was of the old school of officers. Nevertheless, in the original London production, George Grossmith imitated Wolseley's mannerisms and appearance, particularly his large moustache, and the audience recognised the allusion.[3] Wolseley himself, according to his biographer, took no offence at the caricature[4] and sometimes sang "I am the very model of a modern Major-General" for the private amusement of his family and friends.[5]

Lyrics

1880 poster

I am the very model of a modern Major-General,
I've information vegetable, animal, and mineral,
I know the kings of England, and I quote the fights historical
From Marathon to Waterloo, in order categorical;a
I'm very well acquainted, too, with matters mathematical,
I understand equations, both the simple and quadratical,
About binomial theorem I'm teeming with a lot o' news, (bothered for a rhyme)
With many cheerful facts about the square of the hypotenuse.

I'm very good at integral and differential calculus;
I know the scientific names of beings animalculous:
In short, in matters vegetable, animal, and mineral,
I am the very model of a modern Major-General.

I know our mythic history, King Arthur's and Sir Caradoc's;
I answer hard acrostics, I've a pretty taste for paradox,
I quote in elegiacs all the crimes of Heliogabalus,
In conics I can floor peculiarities parabolous;
I can tell undoubted Raphaels from Gerard Dows and Zoffanies,
I know the croaking chorus from The Frogs of Aristophanes!
Then I can hum a fugue of which I've heard the music's din afore, (bothered for a rhyme)b
And whistle all the airs from that infernal nonsense Pinafore.

Then I can write a washing bill in Babylonic cuneiform,
And tell you ev'ry detail of Caractacus's uniform:c
In short, in matters vegetable, animal, and mineral,
I am the very model of a modern Major-General.

In fact, when I know what is meant by "mamelon" and "ravelin",
When I can tell at sight a Mauser rifle from a javelin,d
When such affairs as sorties and surprises I'm more wary at,
And when I know precisely what is meant by "commissariat",
When I have learnt what progress has been made in modern gunnery,
When I know more of tactics than a novice in a nunnery –
In short, when I've a smattering of elemental strategy – (bothered for a rhyme)
You'll say a better Major-General has never sat a gee.e

For my military knowledge, though I'm plucky and adventury,
Has only been brought down to the beginning of the century;
But still, in matters vegetable, animal, and mineral,
I am the very model of a modern Major-General.

Notes:

^a This is a reference to The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World by Sir Edward Creasy (1851). This classic military history describes the great battles of the world, from "Marathon to Waterloo". When the Major-General says that he can name these "in order categorical", he is saying that he will organise the information not merely in a simple order, such as chronological order, but by category – sea battles vs. land battles, etc.[6]

^b The Major-General claims to be able to hum a fugue, but because a fugue contains more than one musical line playing simultaneously in counterpoint,[7] humming all the parts of a fugue simultaneously is impossible.[8]

^c In John H. Foley's 1859 sculpture, Caractacus is only wearing a loincloth, and so knowing the details of his "uniform" is not a great achievement.[8][9]

^d In early versions of the libretto, "Mauser rifle" in line 26 is "Chassepot rifle". The Mauser rifle was based on the earlier Chassepot and had an improved rotating bolt system for breechloaders. First invented in 1867, the Mauser rifle was adopted by the German army in 1871, after the German victory in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871.[10] Subsequently, the Mauser became the more widely used rifle and the more familiar to audiences, and the lyric was changed.[11]

^e  The phrase "sat a gee" means "sat on a horse".[8]

Film references

The Major-General carries an encyclopedia in this "Bab" drawing

The Pirate Movie, a 1982 modern musical parody of The Pirates of Penzance, features many songs from the opera, including this song. Contemporary references were introduced, as when the Major-General adds to the song "Man, I'm older than The Beatles, but I'm younger than The Rolling Stones." In the 1983 film Never Cry Wolf, the hero sings the song.[12] Similarly, in the 2001 time-travel comedy Kate & Leopold, Leopold sings the song; however, the scene is anachronistic in that The Pirates of Penzance premiered in 1879, after Leopold had already left his own time of 1876.[13] A nonsense pastiche of the song in 2017 film Despicable Me 3, sung by Minions, was uploaded to YouTube by Illumination Entertainment as a singalong challenge; the video has been viewed approximately 10 million times.[14]

Television references

The song, or parts of it, has been sung in numerous television programs.[15] For example, The Muppet Show (season 3, episode 52) staged a duet of the song with guest host Gilda Radner and a 7-foot-tall (2.1 m) talking carrot. Radner had requested a seven-foot-tall talking parrot, but Kermit had difficulty reading her handwriting.[16] In a short cutaway from the 2012 Family Guy episode "Killer Queen", Peter plays the Major-General in a community theater production and mumbles all through the opening verse of the song.[17] The 2003 VeggieTales cartoon episode The Wonderful World of Auto-Tainment! features Archibald Asparagus singing the first verse of the song.[18] In Season 2, Episode 13 of USA Network series In Plain Sight, "Let's Get It Ahn", WITSEC workers, Mary and Eleanor, sing along to the song while listening to it being played as hold music.[15] In a Season 3 episode of Home Improvement, "Room for Change" (1994), Al Borland, believing that he is in a sound-proof booth, belts out the first stanza but is heard by everyone.[19]

Other examples of television renditions of the song include the Babylon 5 episode "Atonement", sung by Marcus Cole to irritate fellow passenger Dr. Franklin;[20] The Wind In The Willows episode "A Producer's Lot" (Series 3, Episode 11) sung by Mole (Richard Pearson);[15] the Married... with Children episode "Peggy and the Pirates" (Season 7, Episode 18);[15] the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "Disaster";[20] two episodes of Frasier, including "Fathers and Sons", where Martin joins in the song, singing, "With many awful facts about the scary hippopotamus!";[20] the Mad About You episode "Moody Blues" (Season 6, Episode 5);[20] and the "Deep Space Homer" episode of The Simpsons.[15] Sometimes the song is used in an audition situation. For example, in the Two and a Half Men episode "And the Plot Moistens" (Season 3, Episode 21), Alan sings the first verse of the song to persuade Jake to join the school musical.[15] Similarly, in season 2 of Slings & Arrows, Richard Smith-Jones uses the song to audition for the festival's musical. In the pilot episode of 90210, Annie Wilson sings the beginning of the song in a flash back of her old school performance.[15] The song is sung by Brick Breeland in season 1 of Hart of Dixie in episode 19, "Destiny & Denial".

Parodies or pastiches of the song have been sung in a number of television programs. For example, the computer-animated series ReBoot ended its third season (Episode 39: "End Prog") with a recap of the entire season, set to the song's tune. The Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip episode "The Cold Open" (2006), the cast of Studio 60 opens with a parody: "We'll be the very model of a modern network TV show; we hope that you don't mind that our producer was caught doing blow".[21][22] In Doctor Who and the Pirates, the Doctor (played by Colin Baker) sings, "I am the very model of a Gallifreyan buccaneer".[23] Other songs, from Pirates, Pinafore and Ruddigore, are parodied. When he hosted Saturday Night Live, David Hyde Pierce's monologue was a parody of the song.[24] In the Animaniacs short "H.M.S. Yakko", Yakko sings "I am the Very Model of a Cartoon Individual".[25] In a 2011 GEICO commercial, a couple that wants to save money, but still listen to musicals, finds a roommate, dressed as the Major General, who awkwardly begins the song while dancing on a coffee table.[26]

Other parodies and pastiches

The song has been widely parodied and pastiched,[27] including by Tom Lehrer's "Elements Song", "The Unix Sysadmin Song", written for the book The Unix Companion by Harley Hahn, which replaces the military references with Unix trivia[28] and one featured in comic No. 1052 on the webcomic xkcd in 2012.[29] This comic then became the subject of numerous musical adaptations.[30] "The Elements" inspired the "Boy Scout Merit Badge Song", listing all the merit badges that can be earned from the Boy Scouts of America[31] In the video games Mass Effect 2 and Mass Effect 3, the character Dr. Mordin Solus sings a short pastiche version ("I am the very model of a scientist Salarian").[32] In the 2013 animated video documentary Bronies: The Extremely Unexpected Adult Fans of My Little Pony, John de Lancie and Tara Strong speak a pastiche titled "Let's Go and Meet the Bronies", which separately received over one million views on YouTube.[33]

On the last night of The Proms in 2000, the outgoing conductor, Sir Andrew Davis, sang a pastiche of the song celebrating the festival.[34] When Derek Pattinson retired as Secretary-General of the General Synod of the Church of England in 1990, a choir sang a variation on the Major-General's Song, with the line "He was the very model of a Secretary-General", in a meeting of the General Synod.[35] In 2010, a parody version of the song was posted as an op-ed piece in the Richmond Times-Dispatch mocking actions of the Attorney General of Virginia, Ken Cuccinelli.[36] In 2010, Ron Butler released a YouTube video pastiche of the song, in character as President Obama, that received more than1.8 million views.[37] Florida gubernatorial candidate Michael E. Arth released a YouTube video in 2010 of him singing "I am the Very Model of a Pragmatic Humanitarian" while using placards as Bob Dylan did in Dont Look Back.[38] A 2015 YouTube parody satirizing county clerk Kim Davis called "The Modern Fundamentalist" was distributed by media outlets.[39]

The character George Washington, in the song "Right Hand Man" from the 2015 musical Hamilton by Lin-Manuel Miranda, refers to himself with irony as "The model of a modern major general", which he rhymes with "men are all" and "pedestal". Miranda commented: "I always felt like 'mineral' wasn't the best possible rhyme."[40]

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Davis, Kimberly. "Gilbert and Sullivan Tunes Delight in 'Innocent Merriment' Production", The Times Leader (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania), 22 August 2003, accessed 16 May 2013
  2. ↑ This is demonstrated in the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company recordings of the opera. See, e.g.: Shepherd, Marc (7 September 2008). "The 1968 D'Oyly Carte Pirates". Marc Shepherd. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
  3. ↑ Ainger, pp. 181–82
  4. ↑ Kochanski, Halik (1999). Sir Garnet Wolseley: Victorian hero. London: Hambledon Press. p. 73. ISBN 1-85285-188-0. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
  5. ↑ Bradley (1996), p. 118
  6. ↑ Benford, p. 55
  7. ↑ Leonard G. Ratner, Classic Music: Expression, Form, and Style (London: Collier Macmillan Publishers, 1980), p. 263.
  8. 1 2 3 Benford, p. 57
  9. ↑ "Illustration of statue of Caractacus". The Illustrated London News. 13 August 1859. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
  10. ↑ "History - Company - 1871". Mauser. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
  11. ↑ Sullivan, Arthur; Gilbert, W S; Green, Martyn; Sirmay, Albert; Corcos, Lucille (1961). Martyn Green's treasury of Gilbert & Sullivan. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-671-45250-6. OCLC 4009569.
  12. ↑ Gleiberman, Owen (8 November 1983). "Call of the Wild, Section 3 (Arts)". The Boston Phoenix. pp. 1, 10. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
  13. ↑ Bradley (2005), p. 12
  14. ↑ "#DespicableMeChallenge – In Theaters June 30 (HD)", YouTube, Illumination Entertainment, May 25, 2017
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "The Modern Major-General's Song (1879) by Gilbert and Sullivan", Popisms.com, accessed 10 September 2016
  16. ↑ "The Muppet Show: Gilda Radner". The Muppet Show. Season 3. Episode 13. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  17. ↑ Pierson, Robin. "Episode 16 – 'Killer Queen'", The TV Critic, March 21, 2012, accessed August 29, 2013
  18. ↑ "VeggieTales: The Wonderful World of Autotainment Soundtrack (2004) OST", Ringostrack.com, accessed 10 September 2016; and "VeggieTales Season 1 Episode 15 S1E15 The Wonderful World of Auto-Tainment!, OVguide, accessed 10 September 2016
  19. ↑ Taylor, Duncan. "Room for Change", Home Improvement Archive, 1 July 2007, accessed 10 September 2016
  20. 1 2 3 4 The Pirates of Penzance, The Gilbert and Sullivan Very Light Opera Company, accessed 10 September 2016
  21. ↑ Kois, Dan (23 October 2006). "Can Studio 60 Be Saved?". Slate.com. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
  22. ↑ Schillinger, Liesl (22 October 2006). "Dress British, Sing Yiddish". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  23. ↑ Doctor Who Gallifreyan Buccaneer. YouTube. Retrieved 15 February 2010.
  24. ↑ "David Hyde Pierce's Monologue". SNL Transcripts. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  25. ↑ "The Animaniacs Perform "The HMS Yakko"". The Flatland Chronicles. 20 January 2008. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
  26. ↑ "GEICO Commercial (2011)". popisms.com. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  27. ↑ Zetland, Earl (ed.). Modern Major General Parodies. YouTube. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
  28. ↑ Hahn, Harley (1999). "The Unix Sysadmin Song". Retrieved 7 May 2012.
  29. ↑ Munroe, Randall. "Every Major's Terrible", xkcd, 7 May 2012
  30. ↑ "xkcd's 'Every Major's Terrible' Is Now a Real Song", Uproxx.com, 20 August 2012
  31. ↑ Boy Scout Merit Badge Song. YouTube. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
  32. ↑ "Mass Effect 2 Mordin Singing", YouTube, 23 January 2010; and "Mass Effect 3: The Death of Mordin Solus", YouTube, 12 March 2012, accessed 22 January 2015
  33. ↑ "Let's Go and Meet the Bronies" JanAnimation Studios, 10 October 2013, accessed 12 January 2016
  34. ↑ Oestreich, James R (24 September 2000). "A Model Festival for London. But for New York?". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  35. ↑ "The Rev Sir Derek Pattinson". Obituaries. The Daily Telegraph. 14 October 2006. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  36. ↑ Hinkle, A. Barton (7 May 2010). "Hinkle: The Attorney General's Song". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
  37. ↑ Butler, Ron (11 October 2010). Obama! A Modern U.S. President (musical spoof). YouTube. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
  38. ↑ Bennett, Georte (21 September 2010). "Michael E. Arth’". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
  39. ↑ "Finally! The Kim Davis Musical Parody We’ve All Been Waiting For", Queerty, 29 September 2015
  40. ↑ Mead, Rebecca. "All About the Hamiltons". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2 December 2015.

Sources

Parodies:

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