Chamarajendra Wadiyar X
| Chamarajendra Wadiyar X GCSI | |
|---|---|
| Maharaja of Mysore | |
 Chamarajendra Wadiyar X | |
| Reign | 23 September 1868 – 28 December 1894 |
| Coronation | 23 September 1868 |
| Predecessor | Krishnaraja Wadiyar III |
| Successor | Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV |
| Born |
22 February 1863 Chamundi Hills, Mysore, Mysore Kingdom |
| Died |
28 December 1894 Kolkatta |
| Spouse | Vanivilasa Sannidhana Sri Kempa Nanjammanni Avaru |
| Issue | Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV, Kanteerava Narasimharaja Wadiyar, Jayalakshmi Ammani, Krishnaraja Ammani, Chaluvaja Ammani |
| House | Wadiyar dynasty |
| Father | Sardar Chikka Krishnaraj Urs |
| Mother | Rajkumari Sri Puta Ammani Avaru |
| Religion | Hinduism |
Maharaja Sri Sir Chamarajendra Wadiyar X GCSI (also known as Chamaraja Wadiyar X) was the ruling Maharaja of Mysore between 1868 and 1894.
Adoption and accession
Chamarajendra was born at the old palace in Mysore on 22 February 1863, as the third son of Sardar Chikka Krishnaraj Urs, of the Bettada-Kote branch of the ruling clan. His father died about a week before Chamarajendra's birth. His mother, Rajkumari Sri Puta Ammani Avaru, was the eldest daughter of Krishnaraja Wadiyar III, the then Maharaja of Mysore. Following the failure of heirs male, Krishnaraja Wadiyar decided to adopt as heir his grandson, Chamarajendra. This was done on 18 June 1865 and was recognized by the British government of India on 16 April 1867.
Krishnaraja Wadiyar III died on 27 March 1868, and Chamarajendra Wadiyar ascended the throne at the royal palace, Mysore, on 23 September 1868. However, since 1831, the kingdom of Mysore had been under the direct administration of the British Raj, who had deposed Krishnaraja Wadiyar on allegations of misrule. Later, the privy council of the United Kingdom ordered the reversal of the British East India Company's decision to annex Mysore. By the "Rendition of 1881," the princely state of Mysore was reconstitited and restored to the Wadiyar dynasty. Chamarajendra Wadiyar was groomed by the British to take charge of the administration. He was handed the reins of governance, 25 March 1881.
Reign
Chamarajendra Wadiyar was the 23rd Maharaja of Mysore. Although his reign proved to be a brief one, he left an indelible mark on the Kingdom of Mysore and thereby on the present day Indian state of Karnataka.
He instituted the Representative Assembly of Mysore state in 1881. This was the first modern, democratic legislative institution of its kind in princely India. He sponsored the famous journey of Swami Vivekananda to Chicago in 1893. He gave primacy to women's education and founded the Kannada Bashojjivini School. He gave a fillip to the industrialisation of the Kingdom of Mysore by instituting several industrial schools and conducting the annual Dasara Industrial Exhibition. He facilitated the founding of Agricultural Banks to help finance farmers and initiated Life Insurance for government employees.
Many of the most famous landmarks of Mysore and Bangalore owe their existence to him. Prominent among these are:
- Bangalore Palace
- Lalbagh Glass House
- Oriental Research Institute Mysore, established in 1891[1]
- Maharaja's College, Mysore (1889) [2]
- Maharaja's Sanskrit School
- Government Office
- Lansdowne Bazaar
- Dufferin Tower
- Mysore Zoo
- Fern Hill Palace (Ooty).
Patronage
Chamaraja Wadiyar was a great patron of arts and music, his court boasted of artists like Veena Subbanna, Veena Seshanna, K. Vasudevacharya. Veena Padmanabiah, Mysore Karigiri Rao and Bidaram Krishnappa among others.
The Maharaja was a violin virtuoso himself and used to provide accompaniment daily to Veena Subbanna's vocal and Veena Sheshanna's veena performances. His favourite kriti's included "Sujana Jeevana" and "Lavanya Rama." He was also a connaisseur of Javali's (Kritis and Javalis are genres of Carnatic music).
Family
| Mysore Kings (1399–present) | |
| Feudatory Monarchy (As vassals of Vijayanagara Empire) (1399–1553) | |
| Yaduraya Wodeyar | (1399–1423) |
| Chamaraja Wodeyar I | (1423–1459) |
| Timmaraja Wodeyar I | (1459–1478) |
| Chamaraja Wodeyar II | (1478–1513) |
| Chamaraja Wodeyar III | (1513–1553) |
| Absolute Monarchy (Independent Wodeyar Kings) (1553–1761) | |
| Timmaraja Wodeyar II | (1553–1572) |
| Chamaraja Wodeyar IV | (1572–1576) |
| Chamaraja Wodeyar V | (1576–1578) |
| Raja Wodeyar I | (1578–1617) |
| Chamaraja Wodeyar VI | (1617–1637) |
| Raja Wodeyar II | (1637–1638) |
| Narasaraja Wodeyar I | (1638–1659) |
| Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar | (1659–1673) |
| Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar | (1673–1704) |
| Narasaraja Wodeyar II | (1704–1714) |
| Krishnaraja Wodeyar I | (1714–1732) |
| Chamaraja Wodeyar VII | (1732–1734) |
| Krishnaraja Wodeyar II | (1734–1761) |
| Puppet Monarchy (Under Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan) (1761–1799) | |
| Krishnaraja Wodeyar II | (1761–1766) |
| Nanjaraja Wodeyar | (1766–1770) |
| Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII | (1770–1776) |
| Chamaraja Wodeyar IX | (1776–1796) |
| Puppet Monarchy (Under British Rule) (1799–1831) | |
| Krishnaraja Wodeyar III | (1799–1831) |
| Titular Monarchy (Monarchy abolished) (1831–1881) | |
| Krishnaraja Wodeyar III | (1831–1868) |
| Chamaraja Wodeyar X | (1868–1881) |
| Absolute Monarchy Monarchy restored (As allies of the British Crown) (1881–1947) | |
| Chamaraja Wodeyar X | (1881–1894) |
| Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV | (1894–1940) |
| Jayachamaraja Wodeyar | (1940–1947) |
| Constitutional Monarchy (In Dominion of India) (1947–1950) | |
| Jayachamaraja Wodeyar | (1947–1950) |
| Titular Monarchy (Monarchy abolished) (1950–present) | |
| Jayachamaraja Wodeyar | (1950–1974) |
| Srikanta Wodeyar | (1974–2013) |
| Yaduveera Chamaraja Wadiyar | (2015–present) |
In May 1878, Chamarajendra Wadiyar married Vani Vilasa Sannidhana Kempananja Ammani Avaru, daughter of an Arasu of Kalale, a prominent nobleman of Mysore state. They had four sons and three daughters, of whom the following survived to adulthood:
- Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV, succeeded his father as Maharaja of Mysore.
- Prince Kanteerava Narasimharaja Wadiyar, father of Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar.
- Princess Jayalakshmi Ammani, (1881–1924), married in 1897, her youngest maternal uncle, M. Kantaraj Urs, KCIE, CSI, Diwan of Mysore between 1919–1922. Manasa Gangotri – Post graduate centre of University of Mysore with the Bungalow Jayalakshammani Vilas Mansion was built as her Residence.
- Princess Krishnaraja Ammani, (1883–1904), married in 1896, Col. Desaraja Urs, CIE, MVO, Commander of the Mysore Armed Forces, from the Bagle family of Mogur in Mysore state. The palace known as Karanji Mansion was built for her (currently the Indian Postal Training Centre). They had one son and three daughters. She and her three daughters died of Tuberculosis. Royal family built the Princess Krishnajammanni sanitorium in her memory. Her son Rajkumar C Desaraj Urs married and had three children – Rajkumar Prithviraj Urs (m Shivamala Ghatge had 4 daughters and one son – Yogendra Prithviraj Urs), Col Desaraj Urs and Geeta Devi Urs.
- Princess Chaluvaja Ammani (1886–1936),[3] married in 1900, Sardar M. Lakshmikanta Raj Urs, a nobleman of Mysore state. Cheluvamba Mansion in Mysore, which presently houses the CFTRI, was built as her residence. There is also a maternity hospital and park named after her.
Chamarajndra Wadiyar died of diphtheria, in Calcutta, on 28 December 1894, aged 31. He was succeeded by his 10-year-old son, Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV. His wife, Maharani Kempa Nanjammani Vani Vilasa Sannidhana Avaru, served as regent of Mysore during the minority of their son.
Titles
- Yuvaraja Sri Chamarajndra Wadiyar, Yuvaraja of Mysore.
- His Highness Sri Chamaraja Wadiyar, Maharaja of Mysore.
- His Highness Maharaja Sri Sir Chamaraja Wadiyar, GCSI, Maharaja of Mysore.
Notes
- ↑ "A bit of Baroda in Mysore: Road in Sayajirao's name main market". The Times of India. 28 December 2009.
- ↑ "Maharaja's royal gift to Mysore". The Times of India. 25 Jul 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
- ↑ "Mysore Princess Dead". The Straits Times. 3 May 1936. p. 15. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
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