Madiun River

Madiun River (Bengawan Madiun
Kali Madiun)
Kali Bengawan Madioen
Kali Madioen
River
Country  Indonesia
State Jawa Timur
City Madiun
Elevation 42 m (138 ft)
Source confluence Some tributaries
 - location Ponorogo
Mouth Solo River
 - location Ngawi
Timezone IWST (UTC+7)
Madiun river
Location of Madiun river in Indonesia.

Madiun river (Indonesian: Bengawan Madiun or Kali Madiun) is a river in East Java, Indonesia, about 500 km to the east of the capital Jakarta.[1] It is the largest tributary of the Solo River.[2] Its name indicates that it passes through the major city of Madiun, East Java, Indonesia.[3] This river starts as a number of smaller tributaries converging near the city of Ponorogo, in particular, Kali Slahung, Kali Keyang and Kali Sungkur.[4] It eventually converges with Solo River near the city of Ngawi.[5]

Historical note

In 1825, the Dutch East Indies soldiers built a fortress near the convergence of Madiun and Solo rivers, to fight local rebellion led by Diponegoro. The fortress was named Fort Van Den Bosch[2] or known locally as Benteng Pendem Ngawi.[6]

Geography

The river flows entirely within the Province of East Java, passing through Ponorogo Regency, Madiun Regency, City of Madiun, Magetan Regency and Ngawi Regency, with Savanna climate.[7] The annual average temperature in the area is 26°C. The warmest month is October, when the average temperature is around 30°C, and the coldest is January, at 24°C.[8] The wettest month is March, with an average of 546 mm rainfall, and the driest is September, with 21 mm rainfall.[9]

For ages Madiun river notoriously causes flooding during rainy season.[10] Every year the seasonal deluge submerges many fields and houses along the river banks, including some districts in Ponorogo Regency at the upstream,[4] to the Ngawi Regency at the downstream.[11][12][13] The high debit of water overflows to Solo river, adding to the regular flooding in Bojonegoro Regency.[14] During dry season, the river becomes a touristic place for fishing, or a place to mine sands for local people.[15]

Tourism

See also

Reference

  1. ↑ Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.
  2. 1 2 Kali Madiun at Geonames.org (cc-by); Mail updated 2012-01-17; Database dump downloaded 2015-11-27
  3. ↑ Kali Madiun: Indonesia - National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Bethesda, MD, USA.
  4. 1 2 Tamtomo, Muslimin (2014) Spatial Planning for Flood Management in Ponorogo Retention Area. Graduate School Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta.
  5. ↑ Prawirodiharjo, S (1987). Alam Sekitar Lingkungan Hidup Manusia. PT Balai Pustaka (Persero). p. 13.
  6. ↑ (in Indonesian) Ekspedisi bengawan Solo: laporan jurnalistik Kompas : kehancuran peradaban sungai besar. Penerbit Buku Kompas. 2008. ISBN 9789797093907. p. 45
  7. ↑ Peel, M C; Finlayson, B L; McMahon, T A (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 11. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007.
  8. ↑ "NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index". NASA. 30 January 2016.
  9. ↑ "NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)". NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission. 30 January 2016.
  10. ↑ (in German) Junghuhn, Franz Wilhelm; Hasskarl, Justus Karl (1854). Java, seine Gestalt, Pflanzendecke und innere Bauart, Volume 2. Arnold. pp. 331, 363.
  11. ↑ (in Indonesian) Bengawan Madiun Meluap - Pojokpitu, Ngawi. 18 Januari 2017.
  12. ↑ (in Indonesian) Dua Kecamatan di Ngawi Terendam Luapan Air Bengawan Madiun - Bangsa Online, 02 Maret 2017.
  13. ↑ (in Indonesian) Sungai Bengawan Madiun Meluap, Jalan Kwadungan-Kendung Terputus - Kompas, 24 April 2017.
  14. ↑ (in Indonesian) Hilir Jatim Masuk Siaga Banjir Bengawan Solo - Madiun Raya, 16 Februari 2017.
  15. ↑ (in Indonesian) Bikin Heboh! Warga Patihan Temukan Jenglot di Bengawan Madiun - Madiun Pos, 13 Januari 2016.
  16. ↑ (in Indonesian) Madiun Mengaku Tak Tahu Soal Izin Wana Wisata Berita Madiun Grape - Tribun News, 11 April 2017.
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