Madikeri

Madikeri
town

Gaddige Tomb
Nickname(s): The Scotland of India
Madikeri
Madikeri
Madikeri

Location in Karnataka, India

Coordinates: 12°25′15″N 75°44′23″E / 12.4209°N 75.7397°E / 12.4209; 75.7397Coordinates: 12°25′15″N 75°44′23″E / 12.4209°N 75.7397°E / 12.4209; 75.7397
Country  India
State Karnataka
District Kodagu
Region Coorg, Malnad
Elevation 1,170 m (3,840 ft)
Population (2011)
  Total 33,381
Languages
  Administrative Kannada
  Regional Kodava, Arebhashe, Tulu
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN 571 201
Telephone code 08272
Vehicle registration KA-12
Website www.madikericity.gov.in

Madikeri is a hill station town in Karnataka state, India. Also known as Mercara, it is the headquarters of the district of Kodagu (also called Coorg). It is a popular tourist destination.

Etymology

Madikeri was formerly known as Muddu raja keri.[1] Muddurajakeri which means Mudduraja's town, was named after the prominent Haleri king, Mudduraja who ruled Kodagu from 1633 to 1687.

The form of the name often used in English, Mercara, is derived from Madikeri by a standard transformation of the retroflex 'd' to an 'r' consonant.

History

Map c. 1854

The history of Madikeri is related to the history of Kodagu. From the 2nd to the 6th century AD, the northern part of Kodagu was ruled by Kadambas. The southern part of Kodagu was ruled by Gangas from the 4th to the 11th century. After defeating the Gangas in the 11th century, Cholas became the rulers of Kodagu. In the 12th century, the Cholas lost Kodagu to the Hoysalas. Kodagu fell to the Vijayanagar kings in the 14th century. After their fall, the local chieftains like Karnambahu (Palegars) started ruling their areas directly. They were defeated by Haleri Dynasty founder Veeraraju, (Nephew of Ikkeri Sadashiva Nayaka who were descendants of Talakadu Ganga Dynasty), and his father in-law Bomma Gowda, the Seeme Gowda of Haleri kings. In the year 1700AD Ikkeri Somashekara Nayaka gifted Puttur and Amara Sullia Magnes of Tulunadu to Haleri Kings. Descendants of Veeraraju who are known as "Haleri Dynasty" ruled Kodagu from 1600-1834 AD. Haleri king Mudduraja built the Fort in Madikeri and made it[2] as their capital. Mudduraja, the third Haleri king started leveling the land around Madikeri and built a fort in the year 1681. Madikeri Fortwhich was original built of mud and was replaced by Tipu Sultan. Kodagu became the part of British India after 1834 AD.[3]

Demographics

As of 2001 India census,[4] Madikeri had a population of 47,257. Males constitute 57.2% of the population and females 42.8%. Madikeri had an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 57.2: male literacy was 83%, and female literacy 79%. 11% of the population was under 6 years of age. This town is situated at an elevation of over 4000 ft above sea level.

The main language of Madikeri is Kodava Takk, Kannada, Arebhashe (A form of kannada) spoken by Gowdas those who migrated from South Canara or Dakshina Kannada and settled in Kodagu, features prominently here.Gowdas were originally from Igoor Maha Samsthana (Present Districts of Shivamogga, Chikkamagaluru, Hassan and Part of Kodagu whose Roots are traced to Ganga Dynasty of Talakadu.

Geography and climate

Madikeri features a tropical highland climate as it has an elevation of 1170 metres  (3838 feet). Madikeri is located at 12°25′N 75°44′E / 12.42°N 75.73°E / 12.42; 75.73.[5][6] Madikeri lies in the Western Ghats and is a popular hill station. The nearest cities are Mangaluru to the west, and Mysuru to the east.

The mean daily minimum temperature is lowest in January at about 11 °C.Maximum temperature in summer is around 24 °C to 27 °C.[7] With the onset of the south-west monsoon, the temperature decreases in June and the weather becomes chilly.The lowest temperature recorded is 4.5 °C.

Climate data for Madikeri
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 29.9
(85.8)
32.0
(89.6)
33.1
(91.6)
34.1
(93.4)
35.2
(95.4)
32.0
(89.6)
30.8
(87.4)
31.1
(88)
31.5
(88.7)
31.2
(88.2)
30.4
(86.7)
29.8
(85.6)
35.2
(95.4)
Average high °C (°F) 24.5
(76.1)
27.2
(81)
28.1
(82.6)
28.4
(83.1)
28.5
(83.3)
24.8
(76.6)
23.5
(74.3)
21.8
(71.2)
23.3
(73.9)
25.0
(77)
25.0
(77)
25.2
(77.4)
25.44
(77.79)
Average low °C (°F) 13.3
(55.9)
15.2
(59.4)
16.6
(61.9)
17.0
(62.6)
17.5
(63.5)
16.8
(62.2)
16.5
(61.7)
16.6
(61.9)
16.7
(62.1)
15.7
(60.3)
14.7
(58.5)
12.2
(54)
15.73
(60.33)
Record low °C (°F) 4.5
(40.1)
4.8
(40.6)
7.1
(44.8)
12.2
(54)
13.0
(55.4)
13.0
(55.4)
12.6
(54.7)
12.3
(54.1)
10.4
(50.7)
8.8
(47.8)
5.6
(42.1)
5.0
(41)
4.5
(40.1)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 1.6
(0.063)
1.1
(0.043)
3.0
(0.118)
33.0
(1.299)
407.2
(16.031)
1,010.1
(39.768)
894.1
(35.201)
741.5
(29.193)
214.0
(8.425)
177.6
(6.992)
69.2
(2.724)
3.5
(0.138)
3,555.9
(139.995)

Transportation

Raja's Seat park and viewpoint

By road

Madikeri lies on the Karnataka State Highway 88 that runs from Mangaluru to Mysuru. It is 120 km from Mysuru and 136 km from Mangaluru. From Bengaluru, the state capital of Karnataka, one can take the State Highway 17 (Bengaluru - Mysuru Highway) and take a deviation just after the town of Srirangapatna to join State Highway 88 towards Madikeri. It can be approached from Mangaluru via Puttur, Sullia passing through Sampaje Ghat. From Bengaluru, Madikeri is at a distance of 252 km. Nearby towns are Hassan (115 km), Sullia at a distance of 52 km in Karnataka state and Kasaragod, Kannur, Thalassery, Kanhangad and Uppala in Kerala state (each around 114 km away).

By rail

Madikeri does not have a railway station. The nearest railheads are Hassan, Kasaragod, Kanhangad, Kannur and Thalassery (each of which are almost equidistant at 115 km away). Mysuru at 120 km and Mangaluru at 136 km away are good alternatives to reach Madikeri from within Karnataka.

By air

Mangalore International Airport at Mangaluru (137 km) is the nearest International airport and offers flights from Mumbai, Bangalore, New Delhi, Hyderabad, Chennai, Pune and Gulf countries.[8]

Places to see

Devarakolli Temple

Madikeri Fort

Madikeri fort is located in the very heart of the city and some of the old buildings are now used as district offices. There are some statues and other tourist attractions inside the fort.

See also

References

  1. Coorg History
  2. Puttur Anantharaja Gowda (2015). "IN PURSUIT OF OUR ROOTS".
  3. Jerry Dupont, The Common Law Abroad, Wm. S. Hein Publishing, 2001, ISBN 0-8377-3125-9, from p 592
  4. "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
  5. Madikeri, FallingRain.com
  6. Maps, Weather, Videos, and Airports for Madikeri, India
  7. Ground Water Information Booklet, Ministry of Water Resources, 2007. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
  8. "Airports Authority of India". Airports Authority of India. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  9. Penny, Frank (1922). The Church in Madras : being the History of the Ecclesiastical and Missionary Action of the East India Company in the Presidency of Madras From 1835 to 1861: Volume III (PDF). London: John Murray. p. 98. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
  10. "Chuches Vested in The Crown: Diocese of Madras". Lords Sitting of 31 May 1927. 67 (5): cc650-1. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
  11. "Museums in Karnataka". Government of Karnataka: Department of Archaeology, Museums and Heritage. 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  12. Madur (13 October 2014). "Madikeri Fort, Coorg". Karnataka. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
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