Mack Rides

Mack Rides
Private, family-owned
Industry Amusement park
Founded 1780 (1780)
Founder Paul Mack
Headquarters Waldkirch, Germany
Area served
 Worldwide
Products Roller coasters, water rides and other amusement rides
Owner Mack Family
Subsidiaries Europa Park
Website www.mack-rides.com

Mack Rides GmbH & Co KG,[1] also known simply as Mack Rides, is a German company that designs and constructs amusement rides. Mack Rides in headquartered in Waldkirch, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Mack Rides is one of the world's oldest amusement industry suppliers and builds all kinds of amusement devices including several types of flat rides, dark rides, log flumes, tow boat rides and roller coasters.[2] The family that owns Mack Rides also owns Europa-Park.[3]

History

1780s–1950s

Mack Rides traces its roots back to 1780 when Paul Mack, a young entrepreneur, started building carriages and stagecoaches. The Mack Company began building organ wagons and caravans for traveling showmen in 1880 commencing the company's involvement in the amusement industry. The first wooden roller coaster was built in 1921, the first car ride in 1936 and the first wooden bobsled ride in 1951. By 1952 Mack Rides started increasing its exports of rides into the U.S. market.[2]

1950s–present

Franz Mack

Europa-Park is run by the Mack family. Franz Mack (1921–2010) in 1958 took over the family firm, Mack GmbH & Co (now Mack Rides), together with his brothers. Together with his son Roland (b. 1949) he visited the United States in 1972 and was inspired to open a theme park in Germany, as an exhibition site for his company's products.

At first the park was planned to be located in Breisach. It was named "Europa-Park" after Breisach's nearby Europaweiher, a small artificial lake which commemorates a historical pilot poll in Breisach held in 1950, in which 95.6% of voters were in favour of European unification. The Breisach site was deemed unsuitable because of flooding hazard, and the project was moved some 30 km further north, where the Macks bought the park of the historical Balthasar castle in Rust.

The park opened in 1975 with an area of 16 hectares. It counted 250,000 visitors in the first year, 700,000 in the second, passing the million mark in 1978.

List of Roller Coasters


As of 2017, Mack Rides has built 130 roller coasters around the world.[4]

Name Model Park Country Opened Status Ref
Run A Way Mine Train Powered Coaster Gold Reef City South Africa South Africa Unknown Operating [5]
Turmbahn Wooden Coaster Tivoli Gardens Denmark Denmark 1938 Removed [6]
Meteor Unknown Sportland Pier
Freedom Land USA
Sportland Pier 		United States United States 1966
1963 to 1965
1960 to 1961 		Removed [7]
[8]
[9]
Apache Whirlwind Powered Coaster Frontier Village Amusement Park United States United States 1976 Removed [10]
Wizard's Cavern
Formerly Love Bugs
Formerly Broadway Trip 		Unknown Casino Pier
Canadian National Exhibition
Palisades Amusement Park
Cedar Point
Fun Forest Amusement Park 		United States United States 1979
1972 to 1978
1966 to 1971
1964 to 1965
1962 to 1962 		Removed [11]
[12]
[13] & [14]
[15]
[16]
Blauer Enzian Powered Coaster Gröna Lund Sweden Sweden 1980 Removed [17]
Tokaido Powered Coaster Ankara Luna Park Turkey Turkey 1980 Operating [18]
Thunder Run
Formerly Blauer Enzian 		Powered Coaster Canada's Wonderland Canada Canada 1981 Operating [19]
Flying Fish
Formerly Space Station Zero 		Powered Coaster Thorpe Park United Kingdom United Kingdom 1983 Operating [20] & [21]
Alpenexpress Enzian
Formerly Grottenblitz 		Powered Coaster Europa Park Germany Germany 1984 Operating [22]
Schweizer Bobbahn Bobsled Coaster Europa Park Germany Germany 1985 Operating [23]
Grottenblitz Powered Coaster Heide Park Germany Germany 1985 Operating [24]
Odinexpressen Powered Coaster Tivoli Gardens Denmark Denmark 1985 Operating [25]
Little Eagle Junior Coaster Broadway Grand Prix
Myrtle Beach Pavilion 		United States United States Unknown
1986 to 2006 		Removed [26]
[27]
Scorpion Express
Formerly Runaway Train 		Powered Coaster Chessington World Of Adventures United Kingdom United Kingdom 1987 Operating [28]
Gruvbanan
Formerly Berg-o-dal-banan 		Powered Coaster Skara Sommarland Sweden Sweden 1987 Operating [29]
Avalanche Bobsled Coaster Kings Dominion United States United States 1988 Operating [30]
Capitale Express Junior Coaster Méga Parc Canada Canada 1988 Operating [31]
Avalanche Bobsled Coaster Blackpool Pleasure Beach United Kingdom United Kingdom 1988 Operating [32]
Eurosat Unknown Europa Park Germany Germany 1989 Operating [33]
Blauer Enzian Powered Coaster Freizeit-Land Geiselwind Germany Germany 1989 Operting [34]
Idän Pikajuna Powered Coaster Tykkimäki Finland Finland 1989 Operating [35]
Pikajuna
Formerly City Express 		Powered Coaster Linnanmäki Finland Finland 1990 Operating [36]
Munich Autobahn Bobsled Coaster Kobe Portopialand Japan Japan 1991 Removed [37]
Rexplorer
Formerly Explorer 		Powered Coaster Mirabilandia Italy Italy 1992 Operating [38]
Runaway Mine Train Powered Coaster Alton Towers United Kingdom United Kingdom 1992 Operating [39]
Gold Mine Train Powered Coaster Nigloland France France 1992 Operating [40]
Spreeblitz
Le Dragon des Sortilèges 		Powered Coaster Spreepark
Mirapolis 		Germany Germany 1992 SBNO [41]
[42]
Kansas City-Express
Formerly Blauer Enzian 		Powered Coaster Fränkisches Wunderland
Movie Park Germany
Tivoli Karolinelund 		Germany Germany 1993
1987 to 1991
Unknown 		SBNO [43]
[44]
[45]
Bobbahn
Formerly Schweizer Bobbahn 		Boblsed Coaster Heide Park Germany Germany 1994 Operating [46]
Gran Montserrat Junior Coaster Parque Espana-Shima Spain Village Japan Japan 1994 Operating [47]
Wild Mouse Wilde Maus Coaster Nagashima Spa Land Japan Japan 1996 Operating [48] & [49]
Wild Mouse Wilde Maus Coaster Magic Land Egypt Egypt 1996 SBNO [50]
Runaway Train Powered Coaster Elitch Gardens United States United States 1996 Removed [51]
Euro Mir Spinning Coaster Europa Park Germany Germany 1997 Operating [52]
Dragen Powered Coaster Legoland Billund Denmark Denmark 1997 Operating [53]
Blauer Enzian Powered Coaster Toshimaen Japan Japan 1997 Operating [54]
Gletscherblitz Powered Coaster Steinwasen Park Germany Germany 1998 Operating [55]
Journey to Atlantis Water Coaster SeaWorld Orlando United States United States 1998 Operating [56]
Speedy Bob Wilde Maus Coaster Bobbejaanland Belgium Belgium 1998 Operating [57] & [58]
Taunusblitz Wilde Maus Coaster Taunus Wunderland Germany Germany 1999 Operating [59]
Matterhorn Blitz Wilde Maus Coaster Europa Park Germany Germany 1999 Operating [60]
The Fly Wilde Maus Coaster Canada's Wonderland Canada Canada 1999 Operating [61]
Wild Mouse Wilde Maus Coaster Hersheypark United States United States 1999 Operating [62]
Ghost Chasers
Formerly Mad Manor
Formerly Tom and Jerry's Mouse in the House 		Wilde Maus Coaster Movie Park Germany Germany Germany 2000 Operating [63]
Spatiale Expérience Unknown Nigloland France France 2000 Operating [64]
Poseidon Water Coaster Europa Park Germany Germany 2000 Operating [65]
Bob Express Powered Coaster Bobbejaanland Belgium Belgium 2000 Operating [66]
Goofy's Sky School
Formerly Mulholland Madness 		Wilde Maus Coaster Disney California Adventure Park United States United States 2001 Operating [67]
Trace Du Hourra Bobsled Coaster Parc Astérix France France 2001 Operating [68]
Technic Coaster Wilde Maus Coaster Legoland California United States United States 2001 Operating [69]
Project X - Test Strecke Wilde Maus Coaster Legoland Deutschland Germany Germany 2002 Operating [70]
Ricochet Wilde Maus Coaster Carowinds United States United States 2002 Operating [71]
Ricochet Wilde Maus Coaster Kings Dominion United States United States 2002 Operating [72]
X-treme Racers Wilde Maus Coaster Legoland Billund Denmark Denmark 2002 Operating [73]
Scooby-Doo Spooky Coaster Wilde Maus Coaster Warner Bros. Movie World Australia Australia 2002 Operating [74]
SuperSplash SuperSplash TusenFryd Norway Norway 2003 Operating [75]
Galaxie Express Powered Coaster Space Center Germany Germany 2003 Removed [76]
Sand Serpent
Formerly Cheetah Chase
Formerly Wild Maus
Formerly Izzy 		Wilde Maus Coaster Busch Gardens Tampa
Busch Gardens Williamsburg 		United States United States 2004
1996 to 2003 		Operating [77]
[78]
Draak Powered Coaster Plopsaland De Panne Belgium Belgium 2004 Operating [79]
Tulireki E-Motion Coaster Linnanmäki Finland Finland 2004 Operating [80]
Journey to Atlantis Water Coaster SeaWorld San Diego United States United States 2004 Operating [81]
Atlantica SuperSplash SuperSplash Europa Park Germany Germany 2005 Operating [82]
Dynamite Express Powered Coaster Drievliet Netherlands Netherlands 2005 Operating [83]
Reaper, Drop ride to doom! E-Motion Coaster Amsterdam Dungeon Netherlands Netherlands 2005 Removed [84]
Montanha Russa Water Coaster Aquashow Family Park Portugal Portugal 2006 Operating [85]
Pegasus Youngstar Coaster Europa Park Germany Germany 2006 Operating [86]
Expreso Minero Powered Coaster Parque Plaza Sesamo Mexico México 2006 Operating [87]
Schlitt'Express Wilde Maus Coaster Nigloland France France 2007 Operating [88]
Journey to Atlantis SuperSplash SeaWorld San Antonio United States United States 2007 Operating [89]
Sierra Sidewinder Spinning Coaster Knott's Berry Farm United States United States 2007 Operating [90]
Caribbean Splash SuperSplash Formosan Aboriginal Culture Village Taiwan Taiwan 2008 Operating [91]
Götterblitz Youngstar Coaster Familypark Austria Austria 2008 Operating [92]
The Dark Knight Wilde Maus Coaster Six Flags Great Adventure United States United States 2008 Operating [93]
The Dark Knight Wilde Maus Coaster Six Flags Great America United States United States 2008 Operating [94]
The Dark Knight Wilde Maus Coaster Six Flags México
Six Flags New England 		Mexico México 2009
2008 		Operating [95]
[96]
Eurospeed
Formerly Rothaarblitz 		Powered Coaster Europark
Panorama Park 		France France 2009
1982 to 2007 		Operating [97]
[98]
Blue Fire Launch Coaster Europa Park Germany Germany 2008 Operating [99]
Vértigo
Formerly Speedy Bob 		Wilde Maus Coaster Parque de Atracciones de Madrid
Bobbejaanland 		Spain Spain 2009
1998 to 2008 		Operating [100]
[101]
Correcaminos Bip, Bip Youngstar Coaster Parque Warner Madrid Spain Spain 2009 Operating [102]
Young Star Coaster Youngstar Coaster Chimelong Paradise China China 2010 Operating [103]
Space Fantasy - The Ride
Formerly Kyary Pamyu Pamyu XR Ride 		Spinning Coaster Universal Studios Japan Japan Japan 2010 Operating [104]
Twist Spinning Coaster Le Pal France France 2011 Operating [105]
Wilde Maus
Formerly Zig Zag 		Wilde Maus Coaster Freizeit-Land Geiselwind
Sommerland Syd
Toverland
Walygator Parc 		Germany Germany 2011
2010
2004
2003 		Removed [106]
[107]
[108]
[109]
Skatteøen Water Coaster Djurs Sommerland Denmark Denmark 2011 Operating [110]
Tiger Express
Formerly Flying Dutchman Gold Mine 		Wilde Maus Coaster Mer de Sable
Walibi Holland 		France France 2011
2000 to 2010 		Operating [111]
[112]
Project X
Formerly Jungle Coaster 		Wilde Maus Coaster Legoland Florida
Legoland Windsor 		United States United States 2011
2004 to 2009 		Operating [113]
[114]
Vilde Mus Wilde Maus Coaster Bakken Denmark Denmark 2012 Operating [115]
Manta Launch Coaster SeaWorld San Diego United States United States 2012 Operating [116]
Arctic Blast Powered Coaster Ocean Park China China 2012 Operating [117]
Project X Wilde Maus Coaster Legoland Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia 2012 Operating [118]
Dwervelwind
Formerly d'wervelwind 		Spinning Coaster Toverland Netherlands Netherlands 2012 Operating [119]
Storm Mega Coaster Etnaland Italy Italy 2013 Operating [120]
Coast Rider Wilde Maus Coaster Knott's Berry Farm United States United States 2013 Operating [121]
Storm Coaster Water Coaster Sea World Australia Australia 2013 Operating [122]
Dragon Launch Coaster Sochi Park Adventureland Russia Russia 2014 Operating [123]
Sharolet Wilde Maus Coaster Sochi Park Adventureland Russia Russia 2014 Operating [124]
Wild Mouse Wilde Maus Coaster Antibes Land
Walygator Parc
Expoland 		France France 2014
2008 to 213
1996 to 2007 		Operating [125]
[126]
[127]
Walrus Splash SuperSplash Chimelong Ocean Kingdom China China 2014 Operating [128]
Polar Explorer Water Coaster Chimelong Ocean Kingdom China China 2014 Operating [129]
Alpina Blitz Mega Coaster Nigloland France France 2014 Operating [130]
Helix Launch Coaster Liseberg Sweden Sweden 2014 Operating [131]
Battle of Blue Fire Launch Coaster Quancheng Euro Park China China 2014 Operating [132]
Arthur Inverted Powered Coaster Europa Park Germany Germany 2014 Operating [133]
Velikoluksky Miasokombinat Launch Coaster Wonder Island Russia Russia 2015 Operating [134]
Turbulence Spinning Coaster Adventureland United States United States 2015 Operating [135]
Miniwah Powered Coaster Freizeitpark Plohn Germany Germany 2015 Operating [136]
Flash
Formerly Lightning 		Hyper Coaster Lewa Adventure China China 2016 Operating [137]
Lost Gravity BigDipper Walibi Holland Netherlands Netherlands 2016 Operating [138]
Flight of the Hippogriff Youngstar Coaster Universal Studios Hollywood United States United States 2016 Operating [139]
Across the Dragon Valley Spinning Coaster Oriental Neverland China China 2016 Operating [140]
Pulsar PowerSplash Walibi Belgium Belgium Belgium 2016 Operating [141]
Cobra's Curse Spinning Coaster Busch Gardens Tampa United States United States 2016 Operating [142]
Ba-a-a-Express Junior Coaster Europa Park Germany Germany 2016 Operating [143]
Spider-Man Doc Ock's Revenge Spinning Coaster IMG Worlds of Adventure United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates 2016 Operating [144]
Velociraptor Launch Coaster IMG Worlds of Adventure United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates 2016 Operating [145]
Unknown Launch Coaster Wanda City Wuxi China China 2017 Under Construction [146]
Capitol Bullet Train Launch Coaster Motiongate United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates 2017 Under Construction [147]
Dragon Gliders Inverted Powered Coaster Motiongate United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates 2017 Operating [148]
Star Trek: Operation Enterprise Launch Coaster Movie Park Germany Germany Germany 2017 Operating [149]
DC Rivals HyperCoaster Hyper Coaster Warner Bros. Movie World Australia Australia 2017 Under Construction [150]
Slinky Dog Dash Junior Launch Coaster Disney's Hollywood Studios United States United States 2018 Under Construction [151]
Icon Launch Coaster Blackpool Pleasure Beach United Kingdom United Kingdom 2018 Under Construction [152]
Unknown Hyper Coaster Land of Legends Theme Park Turkey Turkey 2018 Under Construction [153]
Unknown Unknown Colourful Yunnan Happy World China China 2018 Under Construction [154]
Unknown SuperSplash Colourful Yunnan Happy World China China 2018 Under Construction [155]
Unknown Water Coaster Desaru Coast Adventure Waterpark Malaysia Malaysia 2018 Under Construction [156]
Lego Technic Test Track Wilde Maus Coaster Legoland Korea South Korea South Korea 2019 Under Construction [157]
Unknown Spinning Coaster Jeju Shinhwa World South Korea South Korea 2019 Under Construction [158]

List of other attractions

Name Model Park Country Opened Status Ref
Whale Adventures Splash Battle Europa Park Germany Germany 2010 Operating
Tiroler Wildwasserbahn Log Flume Europa Park Germany Germany 1978 Operating
Pirate Adventure Water Dark Ride Drayton Manor United Kingdom United Kingdom 1990 SBNO
Atlantis Submarine Voyage Submersed Dark Ride Legoland Windsor United Kingdom United Kingdom 2011 Operating
Around the World in 80 Days Dark Ride Alton Towers United Kingdom United Kingdom 1981 Removed
Battle Galleons Splash Battle Alton Towers United Kingdom United Kingdom 2008 Operating
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory: The Ride Dark Ride Alton Towers United Kingdom United Kingdom 2006 Operating
Duel - The Haunted House Strikes Back! Dark Ride Alton Towers United Kingdom United Kingdom 2003 Operating
Marauder's Mayhem Teacups Alton Towers United Kingdom United Kingdom 1986 Operating
In the Night Garden Magical Boat Ride Boat Ride Alton Towers United Kingdom United Kingdom 2014 Operating
The Flume Log Flume Alton Towers United Kingdom United Kingdom 2004 Removed
Battle Boats Splash Battle Sea World Australia Australia 2010 Operating [159]
Loggers Leap Log Flume Thorpe Park United Kingdom United Kingdom 1989 SBNO
Rocky Express Sea Storm Ride Thorpe Park United Kingdom United Kingdom 1989 Operating
River Battle Splash Battle Dollywood United States United States 2008 Operating [160]
Dragon Falls Log Flume Chessington World of Adventures United Kingdom United Kingdom 1987 Operating [161]
Safari Skyway Monorail Chessington World of Adventures United Kingdom United Kingdom 1986 Removed
Seastorm Sea Storm Ride Chessington World of Adventures United Kingdom United Kingdom 1995 Operating
Sea Dragons Spinning Boat Ride Chessington World of Adventures United Kingdom United Kingdom 2004 Operating
Tomb Blaster Dark Ride Chessington World of Adventures United Kingdom United Kingdom 2002 Operating
Dudley Do-Right's Ripsaw Falls Log Flume Islands of Adventure United States United States 1999 Operating [162]
Storm Force Accelatron Teacups Islands of Adventure United States United States 2000 Operating [163]
Cannonball Express Musik Express Great Escape United States United States 1974 Operating
Aqua Twist Twist 'n' Splash La Ronde Canada Canada 2013 Operating [164]
Flash: Speed Force Musik Express Six Flags Magic Mountain United States United States 2014 Operating
The Penguin Twist 'n' Splash Six Flags Discovery Kingdom United States United States 2014 Operating
Tsunami Soaker Twist 'n' Splash Six Flags St. Louis United States United States 2014 Operating
Buccaneer Battle Splash Battle Six Flags Great America United States United States 2009 Operating
Expreso Musical Musik Express Six Flags México Mexico Mexico Unknown Operating
Carnaval Festival Dark Ride Efteling Netherlands Netherlands 1984 Operating
Monsieur Cannaibale Teacups Efteling Netherlands Netherlands 1988 Operating
Expedition Nautilus Twist 'n' Splash Attractiepark Slagharen Netherlands Netherlands 2013 Operating
Wild West Adventure Water Dark Ride Attractiepark Slagharen Netherlands Netherlands 2001 Operating
Wild Waterval Log Flume Avonturenpark Hellendoorn Netherlands Netherlands 1982 Operating
Backstroke Log Flume Toverland Netherlands Netherlands 2004 Operating
Crazy River Log Flume Walibi Holland Netherlands Netherlands 1994 Operating
Rimbula River Water Dark Ride Wildlands Adventure Zoo Emmen Netherlands Netherlands 2016 Operating
Koffietassen Teacups Bellewaerde Belgium Belgium 1989 Operating
SuperSplash SuperSplash Plopsaland De Panne Belgium Belgium 2006 Operating
De Boomstammetjes Log Flume Plopsaland De Panne Belgium Belgium 1989 Operating
Koffiekopjes Teacups Plopsaland De Panne Belgium Belgium 2003 Operating
Kaatje zoekt Eendje Tow Boat Ride Plopsaland De Panne Belgium Belgium 2001 Operating
Storm op Zee Sea Storm Ride Plopsaland De Panne Belgium Belgium 2001 Operating
De Tractors Unknown Plopsaland De Panne Belgium Belgium 2002 Operating
Wickie The Battle Splash Battle Plopsaland De Panne Belgium Belgium 2013 Operating
Flash Back Log Flume Walibi Belgium Belgium Belgium 1995 Operating
Angkor Splash Battle Port Aventura Spain Spain 2014 Operating
Alligator Baie Splash Battle Le Pal France France 2014 Operating
The Quest for Chi Splash Battle Legoland Florida United States United States Unknown Operating
Käpt'n Nicks Piratenschlacht Splash Battle Legoland Deutschland Germany Germany 2007 Operating
Pirate Splash Battle Splash Battle Legoland Billund Denmark Denmark Unknwon Operating
Tom & Huck's River Blast Splash Battle Silver Dollar City United States United States 2010 Operating
ToPiLauLa-Schlacht Splash Battle Heide Park Germany Germany 2010 Operating
Aktium SuperSplash Cinecittà World Italy Italy 2014 Operating
The Pirate Revenge Twist 'n' Splash Fantasilandia Chile Chile 2014 Operating
SpongeBob's Splash Bash Twist 'n' Splash Blackpool Pleasure Beach United Kingdom United Kingdom 2011 Operating
Battle of the Pirates Twist 'n' Splash Chimelong Ocean Kingdom China China Unknown Operating
Pirates Attack Splash Battle Fraispertuis City France France 2011 Operating
Wasserschlacht im Reich des T-Rex Splash Battle Rasti-Land Germany Germany 2007 Operating

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Mack Rides GmbH & Co KG". Mack Rides. October 11, 2004. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
  2. 1 2 "Europa-Park Special". Rust, Germany: Mack International. 2012: 36.
  3. ↑ MacDonald, Brady (24 January 2012). "Wing-dipping Manta coaster coming to SeaWorld San Diego in May". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  4. ↑ Mack Rides - rcdb.com
  5. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Run A Way Mine Train  (Gold Reef City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  6. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Turmbahn  (Tivoli Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  7. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Meteor  (Sportland Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  8. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Meteor  (Freedom Land USA)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  9. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Meteor  (Sportland Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  10. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Apache Whirlwind  (Frontier Village Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  11. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wizard's Cavern  (Casino Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  12. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Love Bugs  (Canadian National Exhibition)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  13. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Love Bugs  (Palisades Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  14. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Broadway Trip  (Palisades Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  15. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Broadway Trip  (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  16. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Broadway Trip  (Fun Forest Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  17. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Blauer Enzian  (Gröna Lund)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  18. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Tokaido  (Ankara Luna Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  19. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Thunder Run  (Canada's Wonderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  20. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Flying Fish  (Thorpe Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  21. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Flying Fish  (Thorpe Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  22. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Alpenexpress Enzian  (Europa Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  23. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Schweizer Bobbahn  (Europa Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  24. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Grottenblitz  (Heide Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  25. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Odinexpressen  (Tivoli Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  26. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Little Eagle  (Broadway Grand Prix)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  27. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Little Eagle  (Myrtle Beach Pavilion)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  28. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Scorpion Express  (Chessington World Of Adventures)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  29. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Gruvbanan  (Skara Sommarland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  30. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Avalanche  (Kings Dominion)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  31. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Capitale Express  (Méga Parc)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  32. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Avalanche  (Blackpool Pleasure Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  33. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Eurosat  (Europa Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  34. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Blauer Enzian  (Freizeit-Land Geiselwind)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  35. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Idän Pikajuna  (Tykkimäki)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  36. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Pikajuna  (Linnanmäki)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  37. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Munich Autobahn  (Kobe Portopialand)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  38. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Rexplorer  (Mirabilandia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  39. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Runaway Mine Train  (Alton Towers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  40. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Gold Mine Train  (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  41. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Spreeblitz  (Spreepark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  42. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Le Dragon des Sortilèges  (Mirapolis)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  43. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Kansas City-Express  (Fränkisches Wunderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  44. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Blauer Enzian  (Movie Park Germany)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  45. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Blauer Enzian  (Tivoli Karolinelund)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  46. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Bobbahn  (Heide Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  47. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Gran Montserrat  (Parque Espana-Shima Spain Village)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  48. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse  (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  49. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse  (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  50. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse  (Magic Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  51. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Runaway Train  (Elitch Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  52. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Euro Mir  (Europa Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  53. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Dragen  (Legoland Billund)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  54. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Blauer Enzian  (Toshimaen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  55. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Gletscherblitz  (Steinwasen Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  56. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Journey To Atlantis  (SeaWorld Orlando)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  57. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Speedy Bob  (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  58. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Speedy Bob  (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  59. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Taunusblitz  (Taunus Wunderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  60. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Matterhorn Blitz  (Europa Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  61. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Fly  (Canada's Wonderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  62. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse  (Hersheypark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  63. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Ghost Chasers  (Movie Park Germany)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  64. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Spatiale Expérience  (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  65. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Poseidon  (Europa Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  66. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Bob Express  (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  67. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Goofy's Sky School  (Disney California Adventure Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  68. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Trace Du Hourra  (Parc Astérix)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  69. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Technic Coaster  (Legoland California)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  70. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Project X - Test Strecke  (Legoland Deutschland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  71. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Ricochet  (Carowinds)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  72. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Ricochet  (Kings Dominion)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  73. ↑ Marden, Duane. "X-treme Racers  (Legoland Billund)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  74. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Scooby-Doo Spooky Coaster  (Warner Bros. Movie World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  75. ↑ Marden, Duane. "SuperSplash  (TusenFryd)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  76. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Galaxie Express  (Space Center)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  77. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Sand Serpent  (Busch Gardens Tampa)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  78. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wild Maus  (Busch Gardens Williamsburg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  79. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Draak  (Plopsaland De Panne)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  80. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Tulireki  (Linnanmäki)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  81. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Journey To Atlantis  (SeaWorld San Diego)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  82. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Atlantica SuperSplash  (Europa Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  83. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Dynamite Express  (Drievliet)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  84. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Reaper, Drop ride to doom!  (Amsterdam Dungeon)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  85. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Montanha Russa  (Aquashow Family Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  86. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Pegasus  (Europa Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  87. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Expreso Minero  (Parque Plaza Sesamo)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  88. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Schlitt'Express  (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  89. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Journey to Atlantis  (SeaWorld San Antonio)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  90. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Sierra Sidewinder  (Knott's Berry Farm)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  91. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Caribbean Splash  (Formosan Aboriginal Culture)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  92. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Götterblitz  (Familypark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  93. ↑ Marden, Duane. "The Dark Knight  (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  94. ↑ Marden, Duane. "The Dark Knight  (Six Flags Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  95. ↑ Marden, Duane. "The Dark Knight  (Six Flags México)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  96. ↑ Marden, Duane. "The Dark Knight  (Six Flags New England)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  97. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Eurospeed  (Europark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  98. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Rothaarblitz  (Panorama Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  99. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Blue Fire  (Europa Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  100. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Vértigo  (Parque de Atracciones de Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  101. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Speedy Bob  (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  102. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Correcaminos Bip, Bip  (Parque Warner Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  103. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Young Star Coaster  (Chimelong Paradise)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  104. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Space Fantasy The Ride  (Universal Studios Japan)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  105. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Twist  (Le Pal)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  106. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wilde Maus  (Freizeit-Land Geiselwind)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  107. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wilde Maus  (Sommerland Syd)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  108. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wilde Maus  (Toverland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  109. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Zig Zag  (Walygator Parc)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  110. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Skatteøen  (Djurs Sommerland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  111. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Tiger Express  (Mer de Sable)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  112. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Flying Dutchman Gold Mine  (Walibi Holland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  113. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Project X  (Legoland Florida)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  114. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Jungle Coaster  (Legoland Windsor)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  115. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Vilde Mus  (Bakken)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  116. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Manta  (SeaWorld San Diego)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  117. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Arctic Blast  (Ocean Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  118. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Project X  (Legoland Malaysia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  119. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Dwervelwind  (Toverland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  120. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Storm  (Etnaland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  121. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Coast Rider  (Knott's Berry Farm)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  122. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Storm Coaster  (Sea World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  123. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Dragon  (Sochi Park Adventureland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  124. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Sharolet  (Sochi Park Adventureland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  125. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse  (Antibes Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  126. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Walygator Parc)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  127. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse  (Expoland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  128. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Walrus Splash  (Chimelong Ocean Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  129. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Polar Explorer  (Chimelong Ocean Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  130. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Alpina Blitz  (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  131. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Helix  (Lsieberg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  132. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Battle of Blue Fire  (Quancheng Euro Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  133. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Arthur  (Europa Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  134. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Velikoluksky Miasokombinat  (Wonder Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  135. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Turbulence  (Adventureland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  136. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Miniwah  (Freizeitpark Plohn)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  137. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Flash  (Lewa Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  138. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Lost Gravity  (Walibi Holland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  139. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Flight of the Hippogriff  (Universal Studios Hollywood)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  140. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Across the Dragon Valley  (Oriental Neverland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  141. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Pulsar  (Walibi Belgium)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  142. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Cobra's Curse  (Busch Gardens Tampa)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  143. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Ba-a-a-Express  (Europa Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  144. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Spider-Man Doc Ock's Revenge  (IMG Worlds of Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  145. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Velociraptor  (IMG Worlds of Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  146. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Wanda City Wuxi)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  147. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Capitol Bullet Train  (Motiongate)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  148. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Dragon Gliders  (Motiongate)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  149. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Star Trek: Operation Enterprise  (Movie Park Germany)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  150. ↑ Marden, Duane. "DC Rivals HyperCoaster  (Warner Bros. Movie World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  151. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Slinky Dog  (Disney's Hollywood Studios)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  152. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Icon  (Blackpool Pleasure Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  153. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Land of Legends Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  154. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Colourful Yunnan Happy World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  155. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Colourful Yunnan Happy World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  156. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Desaru Coast Adventure Waterpark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  157. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Lego Technic Test Track  (Legoland Korea)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  158. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Jeju Shinhwa World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  159. ↑ "Battle Sails (Sea World)". Parkz. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  160. ↑ "Let Battle commence!". Park World Online. 23 September 2008. Archived from the original on 5 January 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  161. ↑ "Dragon Falls (Chessington World Of Adventures)". Parkz. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  162. ↑ "Dudley Do-Right's Ripsaw Falls (Islands of Adventure)". Parkz. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  163. ↑ "Storm Force Accelatron (Islands of Adventure)". Parkz. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  164. ↑ Seifert, Jeffrey (2013). "2013 North American Park Preview" (PDF). Amusement Today. 17 (2): 6–7. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
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