MV Princess of the Stars

Recovery operations August 2008
History
Name:	Princess of the Stars
Owner:	Philippine Span Asia Carrier, Corp.
Operator:	Sulpicio Lines
Port of registry:	Philippines
Route:	Cebu City to Manila & v.v.
Completed:	1984
In service:	May 1, 2001
Out of service:	June 21, 2008
Fate:	Capsized during Typhoon Fengshen on June 21, 2008
Status:	Shipwrecked off the coast of San Fernando, Romblon
General characteristics
Class and type:	Cruiseferry
Tonnage:	23,824 GT
Length:	193 m
Beam:	28 m
Height:	43 m
Decks:	8
Ice class:	1A Super
Installed power:	2 Mitsubishi Diesel-Powered Pistol Engines
Propulsion:	2 4×4 Controllable Pitch Propellers
Speed:	21 knt.
Capacity:	2,876 Passengers
Crew:	978 crews

Location of San Fernando within the province of Romblon.

MV Princess of the Stars (sometimes mistakenly referred to as Princess of Stars)^[1] was a ferry owned by Filipino shipping company Sulpicio Lines. She capsized on June 21, 2008, off the coast of San Fernando, Romblon, at the height of Typhoon Fengshen (PAGASA name: Frank), which passed directly over Romblon as a Category 2 storm.

Built in 1984 by Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Aio, Japan, the 23,824-ton ferry MV Princess of the Stars, formerly MV Ferry Lilac of Shin Nihonkai Ferry, had a total passenger capacity of 1,992 people.^[2]

Disaster

Princess of the Stars, flagship of the Sulpicio Lines fleet, left the port of Manila on June 20, 2008, en route to Cebu City. Although Typhoon Fengshen, locally known as Typhoon Frank, had made landfall at Samar Island earlier the same day, Princess of the Stars was permitted to sail because the vessel was large enough to stay afloat in the typhoon's periphery. However, Fengshen unexpectedly changed course later that day, placing the ferry in serious danger of being overwhelmed by the storm.^[3] At midday on June 21, the ferry sent out a distress signal; radio contact was lost at 12:30 PST (04:30 GMT).^[4] The mayor of San Fernando, Nanette Tansingco, sent a speedboat and confirmed that the ferry had a hole in the hull and was partially submerged, and that several bodies had been found nearby.^[5] Later reports revealed that the hole in the hull was actually the ship's bow thruster.^[6]

Location of the storm and Princess of the Stars when the ship lost radio contact at 11 am June 21, 2008.

The total number of people aboard was initially reported as 747 – 626 passengers and 121 crew.^[7] On June 23, however, Sulpicio Lines announced that there had been 751 manifested passengers, 81 of whom were children, and 111 crew members, making a total of 862. It is possible that there were more passengers not recorded in the manifest.^[8]

According to an account given by four survivors, who managed to swim to nearby Sibuyan Island, Princess of the Stars had not malfunctioned (as had been previously reported), but ran into rough seas off the coast of Romblon. At 11:30 am, passengers had been told to put on life jackets,^[4] and fifteen minutes later, the captain gave the order to abandon ship.^[9] The ship began to tilt at around midday.^[4] The survivors witnessed many people jumping into the water, while some made it onto life rafts. Many of them were not wearing life jackets, and according to the four survivors, the crew were more concerned with saving themselves than with assisting the passengers.^[9] The ferry finally capsized at 1 pm noontime.^[10]

After the Navy vessel closest to the area had to abort its rescue mission due to "gigantic waves, pounding rain, and gusty winds", according to the spokesman of the Philippine Navy,^[11] another rescue ship finally reached Princess of the Stars more than 24 hours after it lost radio contact. However, Philippine Coast Guard spokesman Lt. Senior Grade Arman Balilo said: "They haven't seen anyone. They're scouring the area. They're studying the direction of the waves to determine where survivors may have drifted."^[7]

By June 23, four bodies had been recovered from the scene by the Coast Guard and the Philippine Navy.^[12] Another 35 corpses and 40 survivors washed ashore at Burias Island, Masbate, the same day, but it is likely that the bodies came not only from the Princess of the Stars but also from other vessels that capsized in the typhoon. Some of the 40 survivors said they came from MV Lake Paway, which departed from Mindanao but later sank at sea.^[13]

The Philippine Coast Guard reported on June 24, 2008, that it accounted for only 115 (48 survivors confirmed, 67 others confirmed dead, 747 missing) of the 862 passengers and crew of Princess of the Stars. Navy divers found no survivors inside the wreck when they entered the upturned hulk of the ferry. They did, however, find 15 bodies inside the ship's dining area and two others in the bridge.^[14] It was so dark inside the ferry that it was impossible to tell how many more corpses were inside.^[15] A helicopter from a U.S. military ship, the USNS Stockham, found 12 bodies floating near Masbate island, but it was not clear if they were from the Princess of the Stars.

The victims' families accused Sulpicio Lines and the Philippine Coast Guard of negligence in allowing the ship to get underway despite the bad weather. They further blamed Sulpicio for not personally informing them about the tragedy, the details of the accident, and the condition of the ship and passengers. Sulpicio Lines' counsel stated that the ship was never advised by the Coast Guard that it was not safe to sail.^[2] President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo demanded an explanation from port authorities: "Why did you allow it to sail and why was there no ample warning? I want answers."^[4] The Maritime Industry Authority (Marina) ordered the grounding of all Sulpicio Lines vessels, pending an investigation,^[16] and Vice President Noli de Castro presided over the first meeting of the newly created "Task Force Princess Stars".^[17] Sulpicio Lines offered to pay the bereaved families 200,000 pesos ($4,500) each, by way of compensation.^[18]

Dangerous cargo removal

On June 27, 2008, recovery efforts ceased due to the discovery that 10,000 kilos of the dangerous pesticide endosulfan were on board. The government announced that they were considering filing charges, as it is illegal to transport dangerous goods on passenger vessels in the Philippines.^[19]

Titan Salvage was contracted by the owners to remove the endosulfan, along with some additional dangerous cargos in a second container. Both cargos were located in containers in the "D" deck of the capsized vessel. Titan Salvage assembled a salvage team consisting of the following companies: Harbor Star, a Philippine tug and salvage company; Global Diving & Salvage, a U.S. based diving company specializing in hazardous diving operations; and South Pacific Environmental, a Guam-based company specializing in hazardous chemical mitigation. The salvage team began the actual endosulfan recovery operations on September 24, 2008,^[20] and by October 5,^[21] all 402 of the 25 kg drums had been safely recovered from the first 40 ft container located near the aft end of "D" deck in about 85 ft of water. The salvage team then proceeded to remove the other dangerous cargos from a 20 ft container located toward the center of "D" deck in about 35 ft of water. On October 11, it was determined that all of the dangerous cargo located in the second container had been safely recovered. The salvage team drilled into the ship's hull to remove the ship's fuel, and this phase was completed by October 17. Approximately 200,000 liters were recovered.

Continuation of body recovery efforts

Once the dangerous cargos were removed, the body recovery effort continued. From October 27 until November 10, divers from Harbor Star and the Coast Guard recovered 199 bodies from "C", "B" and "A" decks. PCG commandant Vice Adm. Wilfredo Tamayo stated: "We are not expecting to see 500 bodies. We would be lucky to get half of that."^[22] Divers, however, failed to enter the engine room, and some other areas, due to inaccessibility and danger. The bodies were stored on MV Tacloban Princess. Forensic doctors from the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) and Interpol were waiting in Cebu City to attempt identification. The NBI's Doctor Bautista said, thereafter, that DNA matching, assisted and funded by Interpol, would be done in the International Commission on Missing Persons laboratory in Sarajevo, Bosnia.^[23] Most of the initial bodies recovered had detached limbs or heads and disintegrated flesh, after more than four months underwater. The Philippine Coast Guard reported that only 56 people were known to have survived the maritime tragedy. Around 350 bodies had been recovered, with the remainder presumed to be trapped inside the capsized vessel.^[23]

By May 2010, the wreck had been longitudinally cut in half and towed to shallower waters, where divers could more safely search the interior.^[24] A further 47 sets of human remains were recovered, and turned over to the National Bureau of Investigation and the Public Attorney's Office for forensic testing.^[25]

Investigation

BMI final report

The five-member Philippines Board of Marine Inquiry, in its 65-page report dated August 25, 2008, submitted to the Maritime Industry Authority or Marina, found Sulpicio Lines and its captain liable for the tragedy. The BMI recommended that Marina "consider the suspension of the Certificate of Public Convenience (CPC) of Sulpicio Lines in accordance with existing laws, rules and regulations (and its criminal liability for the sinking)." The final report blamed human error, and ruled that the ship's missing and presumed dead captain, Florencio Marimon, "miscalculated" the risk of continuing the trip to Cebu despite the stormy weather.^[26] According to the report: "The immediate cause of the capsizing of MV Princess of the Stars was the failure of the Master to exercise extraordinary diligence and good seamanship thereby committing an error of judgment that brought MV Princess of the Stars in harm's way into the eye of Typhoon Frank ... The shipping firm is found negligent for its failure to exercise its duty in ensuring that they transport passengers and cargo safely to (their) destination."^[27] Sulpicio Lines subsequently announced their intention to appeal the decision.^[28]

Sulpicio Lines, the second-largest cargo carrier in the Philippines, accounts for 40% of all cargo movement across the country. Some commentators – such as Robert Go, former president of the Cebu Chamber of Commerce and Industry – argued that suspending Sulpicio's activities would cause significant disruption to the country's economy over the Christmas season.^[27]

International response

United States

The United States donated US$100,000 for the victims through the Philippine Red Cross, and sent the USNS GYSGT Fred W. Stockham and a P-3 Orion maritime surveillance aircraft to contribute to the rescue.^[29] During a one-on-one meeting between U.S. President George W. Bush and Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, the United States extended its condolences to the people of the Philippines and pledged that more assistance would be given, including the deployment of the U.S. Naval carrier group USS Ronald Reagan to assist in any rescue or retrieval operations.^[30]

Vatican

Pope Benedict XVI spoke of the "deep emotion" he felt upon hearing the news, and said that he would make "a special prayer to God" for the victims of the disaster.^[31]

See also

• MV Doña Paz sank in 1987 with at least 4,341 people killed.
• MV Doña Marilyn sank in 1988 with 254 dead.
• 2008 Pacific typhoon season

References

Further reading

• "RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Capsized ferry ‘MV Princess of the Stars’ Republic of the Philippines" (Archive). European Commission/United Nations. July 2008.

External links

• "In pictures: Philippine ferry tragedy", BBC News
• Video footage of the ferry at dock, GMA News