Music Production Controller

Akai MPCs (originally MIDI Production Center, now Music Production Controller) are a popular series of electronic musical instruments produced by the Japanese company Akai from 1988 onwards. They are grooveboxes that combine features of a sampler, drum machine and MIDI sequencer.

History

The original MPC60 was the first result of an alliance between Akai and Roger Linn, to design products similar to those of Linn Electronics.^[1] He developed the functional design, including the panel layout and software/hardware specifications. He then created the software with a team of engineers. The hardware electronics were designed by English engineer David Cockerell and his team.^[2] Cockerell was a founding member of the synthesizer firm EMS (co-creator of their famous VCS 3 along with Peter Zinovieff^[3]), and then worked for effects manufacturers Electro-Harmonix. Akai then pioneered many processing techniques, such as crossfade looping and "time stretch" to shorten or lengthen samples without affecting pitch and vice versa.

Intended to function as a powerful kind of drum machine, the MPC60 drew on design ideas from earlier groovebox machines, combining a powerful MIDI sequencer with the ability to sample one's own sounds. A major influence to Roger Linn's design was his love of rubber pads and how they could be pushed, prodded, and banged; this can be seen clearly in his designs especially from the MPC-60 onwards. Linn also had a passion for squares: thus, no round pads on the MPC Series. Later models feature increasingly powerful sampling, storage, interfacing and sound manipulation facilities, which broaden the use of instrument beyond just drum and rhythm tracks.

Shortly after the MPC60's release, the MPC60-II was designed. Released in 1991, the MPC60-II offered most of the same features as the MPC60, with an added headphone output and a plastic housing replacing the original metal one.^[4] In 1994, Akai released the MPC3000, which boasted 16-bit, 44 kHz sampling, 32-voice polyphony, and SCSI data transfer.^[5] Akai tried to save money by dropping Roger Linn, the brainchild behind the MPC, to whom they would have to pay royalties on future models. The company developed and released the MPC2000 without Linn in 1997.^[2] The MPC2000 came with 2 MB of RAM, an optional effects board, and a 100,000 note 64-track sequencer.^[6] The MPC2000 was replaced by the MPC2000XL in 2000. The MPC2000XL added an improved 300,000 note sequencer, a 64-track mixer and time-stretch and resample features. Four limited edition models of the MPC2000XL were released.^[6]

In 2002 Akai unveiled the MPC4000, the most powerful MPC ever made (higher bit depth and sample rate than the later 5000). The MPC4000 featured 8 assignable outputs, a hard drive and CD-ROM drive. The MPC4000's memory could be expanded to up to 512 MB of RAM, the largest amount on an MPC to date.^[7] Only two years after the release of the MPC4000, Akai released the MPC1000, which was the smallest in the MPC product line at the time of its release. It was also the first MPC to utilize CompactFlash memory.^[8] Both the MPC2500 and the MPC500 were added to the Akai MPC series in 2006. The MPC2500 is a mid-range MPC with 8 assignable outputs and CompactFlash storage.^[9] Designed for portability, the MPC500 features 1 MIDI In/Out and CompactFlash storage, and can be powered by 6 AA batteries.^[10]

At NAMM in 2012 Akai unveiled a line of controllers named the MPC Renaissance, and MPC Studio which work with MPC Renaissance software on Mac or Windows computers. Additionally they unveiled the MPCFly, an iPad 2 and iPad (3rd generation) controller which runs on the iPad MPCFly app, available from the Apple app store. ^[11]

September, 2012 - The MPC Renaissance was publicly released. The Renaissance is the first hybrid MPC combining the computer with MPC hardware.

MPC Models

The following MPC models are arranged in the order of their release date:

MPC60

The MPC60 is a 16 voice polyphonic 12-bit 40 kHz sampler / 99 track sequencer designed in large part by Roger Linn after Linn Electronics closed. It was similar to the Linn 9000. Akai released it in 1988. It had 750 kB memory standard, expandable to 1.5 MB. The sequencer is very flexible and powerful, famous both for its "swing" setting, and its easy to use step programming. It had 2 MIDI inputs / 4 MIDI outputs, allowing it to control up to 64 devices. The sequencer itself was offered as a separate product, known as the ASQ10, also released in 1988. The MPC60-II was nearly identical to the MPC60, but it featured a headphone output, and a plastic case, instead of the metal case of the original. It was released in 1991.

Features^[4]

• 16 velocity-sensitive pads
• 2 pad banks (64 voices per program)
• sampling rate of 40 kHz (freq response 20 Hz - 18 kHz)
• 16-bit ADC and DAC, with data stored in special non-linear 12bit format (for low noise)
• 750 kB sampling memory (13.1 seconds), upgradable to 1.5 MB (26.2 seconds) (expansion card: EXM003)
• 128 sounds in memory, 64 sounds per program, 16 voice polyphony.
• 2 MIDI inputs, 4 MIDI outputs
• 20 songs, 99 sequences, 99 tracks, 60,000 note capacity
• timing resolution of 96ppq (parts per quarter note)
• syncable via MIDI Time Code (MTC), MIDI Clock, FSK24, SMPTE, 1/4 note click.
• SMPTE supported frame rates: 24, 25, 29.97 drop, and 30.
• 8 assignable outputs + 1 stereo + 1 effects send/return
• Internal 3½" floppy drive (Double Density 720 kB)
• optional 3rd-party SCSI interface (by Marion Systems)^[12]

MPC3000

The MPC3000 improved upon the MPC60 by adding 16-bit 44.1 kHz stereo sampling, increased memory, 32 voice polyphony, effects, filters, and SCSI. It was released by Akai in 1994. The MPC3000LE (Limited Edition) is identical to the MPC3000, except for its black custom design. It was released by Akai in 2000 and limited to 2000 units.^[5]

Features^[5]

• 16 velocity-sensitive pads (Made of Soft Rubber)
• 4 pad banks (64 voices per program)
• sampling rate of 16-bit 44.1 kHz stereo (freq. response 20 Hz - 22.1 kHz)
• 2 MB sampling memory (22 seconds), upgradable to 32 MB (officially stated as 16 MB) (6 minutes)
• SPDIF stereo input
• 32 voice polyphony.
• 2 MIDI inputs, 4 MIDI outputs
• 20 songs, 99 sequences, 99 tracks, 75,000 note capacity
• timing resolution of 96ppq (pulses per quarter note)
• syncable via MIDI Time Code, MIDI Clock, FSK24, SMPTE, 1/4 note click.
• SMPTE supported frame rates: 24, 25, 29.97 drop, and 30.
• 8 assignable outputs + 1 stereo + 1 effects send/return
• Internal 3½" floppy drive
• SCSI

MPC2000

The MPC2000 is a 64-track sampler/sequencer introduced in 1997 and discontinued in 2001. It comes with 2 MB sample memory as standard, and can be expanded to 32 MB. It supports a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz, in 16 bit stereo or mono.

Features^[6]

• 16 velocity-sensitive pads (Invented by Roger Linn)
• Internal 3½" floppy drive
• 1 single button to access 4 pad banks
• 2 MIDI inputs, 2 MIDI outputs
• 100,000 note capacity 64-track sequencer
• 2 MB sampling memory (upgradable to 32 MB)
• Optional effects board (EB16)
• Optional 8 outputs and digital I/O board (IB-M208)
• SCSI interface

MPC2000XL

The MPC2000XL is similar to the MPC2000 but with many newer features; including four independent pad-bank keys, number of samples stored doubled to 256 on the XL, altering sounds to a different bit depth or sampling rate could be accomplished by resampling, time stretch was added along with other features. In 2004 the 2000XL-MCD version was released, which features a CompactFlash card reader as standard in place of the floppy drive or Zip drives used in earlier models.^[13] There were 4 limited editions 2000XL SE MPCs created between 2000 and 2003. There were two versions of the SE 1, one with an improved control surface, compatible with growing number of sound libraries and one with aesthetic changes. The Limited Edition SE 2 and SE 3 also had only aesthetic changes.^[14]

Features^[6]

• Multi-Voltage operation (100-240VAC, 50/60 Hz, 13W (23W w/ options))
• Velocity-sensitive pads with chromatic assignment for key groups
• Internal 3½" floppy drive or 100MB Zip drive (upgradeable to a Zip 250MB) or MCD card reader (5 in 1 type) with folder support for storage
• 4 independent Pad-Bank keys
• Adjustable angle screen
• Time stretch with 18 pre-sets
• 2 MIDI inputs, 2 MIDI outputs
• Note-repeat key
• 300,000 note capacity 64-track sequencer
• 2 MB sampling memory (upgradable to 32 MB @ 3 min stereo/6 min mono)
• High Density 50 pin (HD50/HPDB50/SCSI 2) SCSI interface
• AKAI MPC2000XL sample CD-ROM
• Optional effects board (#EB16)
• Optional 8 outputs and digital I/O board (#IB-M208)

MPC4000

Released in 2002, the MPC4000 was intended by Akai as a "top-of-the-range" flagship product. Not only was it the most fully featured MPC product yet (building on the MPC60, 3000 and 2000XL), but it also incorporated the sampling engine from the latest model in Akai standalone sampler range, the Z8. At the end of 2003 Akai revealed the MPC4000BL Plus which substituted the original white model in 2004. The upgraded version featured some extra hardware extensions and came in a blue casing. It was discontinued between 2006 and 2007. The MPC4000 was replaced by the MPC5000 in spring 2008.

Features^[7]

• 16 velocity- and pressure-sensitive pads
• 2 MIDI inputs, 4 MIDI outputs
• 96 kHz 24bit sampling
• 16 MB sampling memory, upgradeable to 512 MB
• IDE bays for installation of internal hard disk drive and CD-ROM drive.
• Optional plug-in boards: Effects board, ADAT board, S/P-DIF & wordclock board, 8 analogue outputs board
• SCSI interface
• Movable LCD Screen on an angular course of methodology

MPC2500

The MPC2500 is the mid-range of the Akai line of MPCs. It has a 100,000 note, 64 track mixer with 64 assignable MIDI channels. It has 16 MB of RAM standard and can be upgraded up to 128 MB of RAM with the AKAI EXM128 stick of RAM. It contains a USB port for computer connectivity. It contains a CompactFlash slot for storage of samples, and can be upgraded with a variety of hard drives. The MPC2500 contains 2 MIDI inputs and 4 MIDI outputs. The MP2500 also has the Chop Shop feature, which can chop a sample into as many as 64 pieces. A CD-R/DVD drive can be added for burning and reading capabilities. Also comes with a 128 MB compact flash card with sound kits. MPC2500 was discontinued in 2009.

Features^[9]

• USB port (Mass Storage Class)
• CompactFlash card reader
• 16 velocity-sensitive pads
• 2 MIDI inputs, 4 MIDI outputs
• 100,000 note, 64-track, MIDI sequencer
• 16 MB sampling memory (upgradeable to 128 MB)
• standard effects include: Chorus, Flanger, Bit grunger, 4 band EQ, Compressor, Phase shifter, Tremolo, Flying Pan, Reverb, and Delay.
• 8 assignable outputs and 1 stereo output.
• two assignable Q-link sliders and knobs.
• 240 x 64 hinged backlight LCD screen.
• CD-R/DVD drive CD-M25 (optional)
• JJOS compatible^[15]

MPC1000

The MPC1000 is a 64-track sampler/sequencer. It comes with 16 MB sample memory as standard, and can be expanded to 128 MB. It supports a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz, in stereo or mono. Its features include a USB port, an internal CompactFlash card reader, two MIDI inputs and outputs, and effects and multiple analog outputs as standard. Its sequencer's resolution is 96 ppq.

There have been many reported problems with the pad sensors in the 1000. In the original MPC1000 sensors, a thin square of carbon-impregnated rubber is glued at each corner above a copper coil. When a pad is depressed, this carbon-impregnated rubber is compressed against the copper coil, allowing current to pass through. This moving part can wear out, as the carbon-impregnated rubber sloughs away from the glue and eventually breaks loose.

In 2007, Akai offered a fix for this issue, retailing at 180 USD. The pad sensors design returned to the design of the pad sensors in previous models. This upgrade has been seen to be pre-installed on the MPC1000BK-N and some versions of the MPC1000BK, not the MPC1000 (blue outer casing). Before this change, a MPC1000 user designed, built and sold kits of a pad fix under the name "Nym." Nym's kit is no longer available. By comparison, the more recent Akai pad fix uses better sensor technology (Sensitronic FSRs).^[16]

Features^[8]

• USB port (Mass Storage Class)
• CompactFlash card reader
• 16 velocity-sensitive pads
• 4 pad bank keys
• 2 MIDI inputs, 2 MIDI outputs
• 100,000 note capacity 64-track sequencer
• 16 MB sampling memory (upgradeable to 128 MB)
• Effects as standard
• Multiple analog outputs as standard
• Time stretch and pitch shift (added in OS 2.0)
• JJOS compatible^[17]

MPC500

The MPC500 is the smallest MPC ever made and is the first truly portable MPC created. It can be run on 6 AA batteries but also can be run on a 12V DC plug. It combines a 48-track MIDI sequencer and a 32-voice stereo digital sampler. The MPC500 is the first MPC that only has 12 velocity-sensitive rubber pads. It comes with 16 MB RAM but can be upgraded up to 128 MB of RAM. It has a CompactFlash slot for storage of samples. One major appeal of the MPC500 is the fact that you can take a project created on the MPC500 and transfer it to any current MPC with a CompactFlash reader. The MPC500 has a USB port for computer connectivity. It has one stereo output, making it the only MPC currently in production that does not have assignable outputs.

Features

• USB port (Mass Storage Class)
• CompactFlash card reader
• 12 velocity-sensitive rubber pads
• Stereo L+R in & out
• 1 MIDI in and 1 MIDI out
• 4 pad banks
• 2 x 16 character LCD screen with back light
• Standard effects include: Chorus, Flanger, Bit grunger, 4 band EQ, Compressor, Phase shifter, Tremolo, Flying pan, Reverb, and Delay.
• Approximately 4.5 hours of continuous use with LCD backlight on.
• 465.5 sq CM footprint.^[10]

MPC5000

With a listed MSRP of $3,500, the MPC5000 was launched at the 2008 winter NAMM trade show. Its main innovations were an 8-track streaming hard disk recorder, a 20-voice, 3-oscillator virtual analog synthesizer with arpeggiator, a new sequencing engine with 960 ppq resolution, pad and track muting and mixing, 64 continuous sample tracks. It also has a new effect (FX) engine with 4 FX buses where 2 FX are available per bus, and is considered by Akai to be its flagship MPC.^[18]

In addition, the MPC5000 features a 64-voice drum/phrase sampler with 64MB memory, expandable up to 192MB. The display is 240x128, twice the size of the MPC2500 and MPC1000. Integrated Chop Shop 2.0 now supports stereo chops and Patched Phrases. It is also the first MPC to include Random and Cycle sample playback in addition to velocity Zone Play. As on the MPC4000, a turntable preamp is also included.

The MPC5000 lacks some of the sample editing capabilities of the older MPC4000, and also some of the hardware specs are lower than the MPC4000 (max. 192 MB RAM vs. the 4000's 512 MB, and slightly smaller screen), but with an updated and more stable operating system.^[18] OS 2.0 added many new features including the ability to load an entire folder without MPC programs, and many navigation shortcuts to boast. The MPC5000 using OS 2.0 now has the most features of any previous MPC to date, just above the MPC4000.

MPC Renaissance

From the advertising brochure: The MPC Renaissance uses a PC or a Mac's memory. The MPC Renaissance is the first MPC to take the power from an external computer (with the dedicated "MPC Software") and combine it with the regular tradition of the MPC. The memory limitation depends on the connecting computer. The Renaissance takes on the look of the 3000, sharing its transport buttons, jog wheel, and arm rest. Its LCD has the same look as the MPCs 1000, 2500 and 5000r. The Renaissance is the first MPC to include back lit pads which change colors for velocity levels, sound groups, step edit, etc.

Features^[19]

MPC Renaissance Hardware

• Can use MPC hardware with the processing power of a computer
• "Vintage Mode" changes output sound character to MPC3000, MPC60 and others
• 16 backlit MPC pads, 16 Q-Link controls, and adjustable backlit LCD screen
• MPC Note Repeat, MPC Swing, and MPC transport controls
• MPC software for Mac or PC with 128-track sequencing
• Two XLR-1/4” combo inputs and dedicated turntable input
• Four-channel USB 2.0 audio interface and two-port USB 2.0 hub built in
• Up to eight pad banks―more than any other MPC ever
• Two MIDI inputs and four MIDI outputs
• Stereo 1/4” out, stereo assignable mix 1/4” out & S/PDIF I/O

MPC Renaissance Software^[20]

• 128-track sequencing capability
• Up to eight pad banks
• 9GB+ sound library, includes MPC3000 sounds
• Includes "The Bank" and three other MPC Expansions
• Mapping and real-time adjustment of VST plugins
• Records each track as an MPC drum program, Keygroup program, or VST/AU plugin
• Works alone as a main DAW or works as a VST, RTAS, or AU plugin
• Supports WAV, MP3, AIFF, REX, and SND
• Supports samples and sequences from other MPC models
• Compatible with Mac and PC

Comparison

The following table offers a side-by-side comparison of a variety of statistics across the MPC product-line. The specs for the MPC1000 and 2500 refer to the original AKAI operating system, unless mentioned otherwise.

Model	Release Date	Price	MIDI Inputs/Outputs	Audio Outputs	Sampling Rate	Sampling Memory/Upgrade-able	Sampling Time	Storage Method	Pad Banks	Note Capacity	Extra Features
MPC60	1988	$5,000[21]	2 in, 4 out	8 + L/R	12-bit 40 kHz	750 kB / 1.5 MB	(13.1 sec) / (26.2 sec)	Internal 3½" floppy drive	2	60,000
MPC60 MK2	1991	$5,000[21]	2 in, 4 out	8 + L/R	12-bit 40 kHz	750 kB / 1.5 MB	(13.1 sec) / (26.2 sec)	Internal 3½" floppy drive	2	60,000	Headphone jack, Plastic case
MPC3000	1993	$3,500[21]	2 in, 4 out	8 + L/R + Digital in	16-bit 44.1 kHz	2 MB / 32 MB	(22 sec) / (6 min)	Floppy/SCSI Interface	4	75,000	-LE in 2000 with black case
MPC2000	1997	$2,000[21]	2 in, 2 out	Digital L/R + 8 (optional)	22 or 44.1 kHz	2 MB / 32 MB	6min mono/3min stereo	Floppy/SCSI Interface	4	100,000
MPC2000XL	2000	$1,100[22]	2 in, 2 out	Digital L/R + 8 (optional)	22 or 44.1 kHz	2 MB / 32 MB	6min mono/3min stereo	Floppy/Zip Drive/CompactFlash/SCSI Interface	4	300,000	-Compact Flash drive, Internal SCSI connection, tilt screen
MPC4000	2002	$3,500[23]	2 in, 4 out	L/R + 8 (optional)	96, 48 or 44.1 kHz, 16 or 24 bit	16 MB / 512 MB	96min / 64min (16/24 bit)	Hard Drive/CD-ROM	6	300,000	IDE Bays
MPC1000	2005	$1,000[24]	2 in, 2 out	4 + L/R	44.1 kHz	16 MB / 128 MB	136 sec / 24m28sec	CompactFlash/Hard Drive	4	100,000 / 300,000 (With JJ OS Ver. 4.9 or OS2 Ver. 0.x,1.x)	optional HDD
MPC500	2006	$700[25]	1 in, 1 out	L/R	44.1 kHz	16 MB / 128 MB	136 sec / 24m28sec	CompactFlash	4	100,000	Smallest MPC Portable/Can run on 6 AA Batteries
MPC2500	2005	$1,700[26]	2 in, 4 out	8 + L/R	44.1 kHz	16 MB / 128 MB	136 sec / 24m28sec	CompactFlash/CD-Rom/DVD-Rom/Hard Drive	4	100,000	built in 10 analog outs, optional CD drive, optional HDD
MPC5000	2008	$3,500[27]	2 in, 4 out	8 + L/R	44.1 kHz	64 MB / 192 MB	12m48s/38m24s	CompactFlash/CD-Rom/DVD-Rom/Hard Drive	4	100,000	VA Synth, 8 track direct-to-drive recording, 4 FX busses, Hard disk streaming of samples
MPC Renaissance	2012	$1,300[28]	2 in, 4 out	4 Audio Outputs: 1/4-inch phone x 4 balanced +11dBu, output impedance 1k Ohms	up to 24 bit / 96 kHz	Uses the RAM in your computer	Varies depending on how much RAM your computer has	Computer's Hard Drive	8		First MPC to use the power of your computer (Mac/PC), 2 USB hub to connect other devices such as midi keyboard, external hard drive, flash drive, etc.
MPC Touch	2015	$750	1 in, 1 out (1/8-inch) TRS	1 Audio Output: L/R, 1 Audio Inputs L/R	up to 24 bit / 96 kHz	Uses the RAM in your computer	Varies depending on how much RAM your computer has	Computer's Hard Drive	8		First MPC to have an LCD Touch Screen
MPC Live	2017	$1,199	2 in, 2 out	2 x 1/4" (master out), 4 x 1/4", 1 x 1/8" (headphones)	44.1kHz sample rate in standalone mode	16 GB		SD card, USB port, 2.5" SATA drive connector	8		Stand alone or controller mode

See also

• Akai
• Sampler
• Drum Machine
• Groovebox

External links

• AkaiPro.com official site
• AkaiProMPC.com official MPC site
• MPC-FORUMS A discussion all things MPCs (new and old) and more.
• Roger Linn Design — original designer of Akai MPC series (MPC60/MPC60-II/ASQ10/MPC3000)

Notes