Lyuh Woon-hyung

Yo Un-hyung
Born (1886-05-25)May 25, 1886
Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi Province, Joseon
Died July 19, 1947(1947-07-19) (aged 61)
Hyehwa-dong, Jongno-gu, Rotary road, Seoul, South Korea
Cause of death Assassination
Resting place Ui-dong, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
Nationality Korean
Alma mater Jinling University(金陵大学) in Nanjing
Known for Korean independence activists
Nationalist
Socialist
Communist
Journalist
Athlete(Sportsperson)
Revolutionary
Spouse(s) Jin Sang-ha
Children

Daughter: Lyuh Nan-gu, Lyuh Yeon-gu, Lyuh Won-gu, Lyuh Hyung-gu, Lyuh Soon-gu

Son: Lyuh Bong-gu, Lyuh Hong-gu, Lyuh Young-gu, Lyuh Boong-gu
Parent(s) Lee (Mother)
Lyuh Jung-hyun (Father)
Website Mongyang Memorial Society
Korean name
Chosŏn'gŭl 여운형
Hancha 呂運亨
Revised Romanization Yeo Un-hyeong
McCune–Reischauer Yǒ Unhyǒng
Pen name
Chosŏn'gŭl 몽양
Hancha 夢陽
Revised Romanization Mong-yang
McCune–Reischauer Mongyang

Lyuh Woon-hyung or Yo Un-hyung (May 25, 1886 – July 19, 1947) was a Korean politician who argued that Korean independence was essential to world peace, and a reunification activist who struggled for the independent reunification of Korea since its national division in 1945.

His pen-name was Mongyang (몽양; 夢陽), the Hanja for "dream" and "the sun." He is rare among politicians in modern Korean history in that he is revered in both South and North Korea.

Life

Lyuh was born in Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi Province, the son of a local yangban magnate. At age 15, Lyuh enrolled in the Baejae School but in less than one year moved to Heunghwa School. After moving to yet another school and leaving that school before graduation, Lyuh began in 1907 to study the Bible and befriended the American missionary Charles Allen Clark, who helped him found Kidok Kwangdong School in 1909. In 1910, Lyuh dramatically parted from Korean tradition by freeing slaves owned by his household. In 1911, Lyuh enrolled in Pyongyang Presbyterian Theological Seminary and, in 1914, went to China where he studied English literature at a university in Nanjing. In 1917, he moved to Shanghai. In 1918, he organized the Mindan (Korea Resident Association) in that city, to provide a base for pro-independence activities. Lyuh took part in the establishment of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in 1919 and served as a member of that body's Legislative Assembly (Imsi Uijeongwon).

Like many in the Korean independence movement, Lyuh sought aid from both right and left. In 1920, he joined the Koryǒ Communist Party (고려 공산당, Goryeo Gongsandang) and, in 1921, attended the First Congress of the Toilers of the Far East in Moscow. In 1924 he joined Sun Yat-sen's Chinese Nationalist Party and worked for Sino-Korean cooperation. After being released from prison in 1932, Lyuh took on a variety of independence activities in areas of the media and sports. During the Berlin Olympics a Korean marathon runner, Sohn Kee-chung, won the gold medal. The Chungang Daily News, of which Lyuh was the editor, ran the photograph but removed the Japanese flag from his jersey. The Japanese closed down the newspaper and arrested Lyuh for the action. In addition to serving as editor of the Chungang Daily News, he also served as the president of the Choson JungAng Ilbo (조선중앙일보) and other sports associations.

1945 August, In Seoul's YMCA, Lyuh Woon Hyung had a meeting with the representatives of "the Committee for Preparation of Korean Independence" who came from all over the country.

In anticipation of Japan’s defeat in the Second World War, Lyuh organized in 1944 the Korean Restoration Brotherhood (조선건국동맹, Joseon Geon-guk Dongmaeng), a nationwide underground organization. He also formed the Committee for Preparation of Korean Independence (조선 건국 준비 위원회, Joseon Geon-guk Junbi Wiwonhoe). In September 1945, Lyuh proclaimed the establishment of the Korean People's Republic and became its vice-premier. In October, he stepped down under pressure from the United States Military Government, and organized the People's Party of Korea, becoming its chairman. For the following months of the anti-trusteeship movement and other political changes, Lyuh took a line of action in concert with the communists.

1946 May, Lyuh Woon-Hyung (right), at the Soviet-US Committee.

When a movement to unify the political left and the political right arose in May 1946, Lyuh represented the center-left and occupied a position on the center between the left and the right. Lyuh’s political stance was, however, attacked by both the extreme right and the extreme left, and his efforts to pursue a centrist position was made increasingly untenable by the political realities of the time. On July 19, 1947, Lyuh was assassinated in Seoul by a 19-year-old man named Han Chigeun, a recent refugee from North Korea and an active member of a nationalist right-wing group. Lyuh's death was widely mourned.

Timeline

Resting place in Seoul

Belief

"Blood is thicker than water - Lyuh Woon-hyung"

Genealogy

Actors depicting Lyuh

See also

References

Source: Paekbom Ilchi, English version, historical notes.

  • 여운형(in Korean)
  • ‘세계사적 개인’이었던 민주주의자 여운형 ①(in Korean)
  • ‘세계사적 개인’이었던 민주주의자 여운형 ③(in Korean)
  • <KBS Documentary> Yuh Woon-Hyung
  • Kang Man-gil, 《항일독립투쟁과 좌우합작》 (한울, 2000)
  • Kang Jun-man, 《한국현대사산책》〈1940년대편 1권〉(인물과사상사, 2004)
  • Kang Jun-man, 《한국현대사산책》〈1940년대편 2권〉(인물과사상사, 2004) p47.
  • Kang Jun-sik, 《적과 동지》(한길사, 1993)
  • Kang Jun-sik, 《혈농어수 : 몽양 여운형 일대기》(아름다운 책, 2006)
  • Kang Jun-sik, 《조선독립의 당위성 (외) : 여운형 편》(종합출판 범우, 2008)
  • Mongyang Memorial Society & Mongyang Institute,《Yuh Woon-hyng Note(여운형 노트)》(학민사, 1994)
  • Pak Tae-gyun, 《The Korean War(한국전쟁)》(책과함께, 2005) p47.
  • Yuh Yeon-gu / edited by Shin Jun-yeong, 《My father Yuh Woon-hyung(나의 아버지 여운형)》(김영사, 2001)
  • Yuh Woon-hong,《몽양 여운형》(청하각, 1967)
  • Lee Gi-hyung,《몽양 여운형》 (실천문학사, 1984)
  • Lee Gi-hyung,《여운형 평전》(실천문학, 2000)
  • Lee Man-gyu, 《여운형투쟁사》 (민주문화사, 1946)
  • Lee Chong Sik,《Lyuh Woon Hyung: the Korean harmonist(여운형: 시대와 사상을 초월한 융화주의자)》(Seoul National University Press, 2008)
  • Lee Chong Sik, Choi Sang-yong etc., 《여운형을 말한다》(아름다운책, 2007)
  • Lee Chul-seung·Pak Gab-dong,《건국50년 대한민국 이렇게 세웠다》(계명사, 1998)
  • Jung Byung-joon, 《몽양 여운형 평전》(한울, 1995)
  • Jung Hui-joon, 《스포츠 코리아 판타지: 스포츠로 읽는 한국 사회문화사》- 조선 스포츠의 아버지, 여운형 (개마고원, 2009)
  • 《여성동아》(2002.9.18.) "여원구 북한 최고인민회의 부의장"
  • 《정계야화》 (전2권) (홍우출판사, 1966)
  • Jung Yong-uk, 《존 하지와 미군 점령통치 3년》 (중심, 2003)
  • Han Yun-hyung, 《뉴라이트 사용후기: 상식인을 위한 역사전쟁 관전기)》 (개마고원, 2009)
  1. ↑ "Yo" is another Romanization of the name Yuh (여). "Yuh" was the Romanization used by Yuh himself.
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