Luis A. Eguiguren

Luis A. Eguiguren Escudero
President of the Supreme Court of Justice
In office
1953–1954
Preceded by Raúl Noriega
Succeeded by Raúl Pinto
President of the Constituent Congress
In office
28 July 1931 – 28 July 1932
Preceded by Roberto Leguía (President of the Senate)
Succeeded by Clemente Revilla
Member of the Constituent Congress
In office
28 July 1931 – 28 July 1932
Mayor of Lima
In office
1 January 1930 – 1 January 1931
City Councilman of Lima
In office
1 January 1914 – 1 January 1920
Personal details
Born (1887-07-21)July 21, 1887
Piura
Died August 15, 1967(1967-08-15) (aged 80)
Lima
Political party Social Democrat Party
Spouse(s) Rosa Barragán Rodríguez
Children Luis Jose Alejandro and Maria
Mother Josefina Escudero Menacho
Father Francisco José Eguiguren Escudero
Residence Lima

Luis Antonio Eguiguren Escudero (Piura, July 21, 1887 – Lima, August 15, 1967) was an educator, magistrate, historian and Peruvian politician. He was the director of the General Archive (File) of the Nation (1914), Alderman of Lima (1914–1920), Mayor of Lima (1930), President of the Constituent Congress (1930–1932), founder and leader of the Social Democratic Party. He won the Peruvian presidential election of 1936, but his victory was ignored by the Congress and the then-President Oscar R. Benavides, who claimed that he had won with votes of the APRA. He presided over the Supreme Court and the Judiciary in 1953 and 1954.

Biography

Luis A. Eguiguren was born in the historical San Francisco Street (now Lima Street), in the city of Piura. He was the son of Francisco Jose Eguiguren Escudero,[1] honest judge, congressman, Secretary of Justice and President of the Supreme Court in 1931, and the distinguished lady Josefina Escudero Menacho. Between 1893 and 1902, he studied at Colegio San Miguel de Piura School and then at Colegio La Inmaculada(The Jesuit Fathers School) in Lima (1902–1904). He got into the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, where he chose the academic degrees of Doctor of Letters (1913), in Jurisprudence with the thesis "The Peruvian ayllu legal status" (1914), and Political and Administrative Science (1914). His thesis of Bachelor of Political and Administrative Sciences was titled: "The Role of students in Political life”, and his doctoral thesis: "The need for a diplomatic tradition in Peru". His remains were transferred to his native Piura in December 2005, in order to rest in the tomb that he ordered to be built in San Teodoro Cemetery.[2] Law No. 24899,[3] promulgated on October 19, 1988, establishes that each July 21 is the Peruvian Humanist Day. It was established in honor of the magistrate, historian, journalist and Peruvian politician, Don Luis Antonio Eguiguren, on the centenary of his birth.

Career

He was appointed Director of the National Archive (File), but he resigned because he did not receive enough support to carry out the institution that was under his charge.[4]

In the field of politics, he deployed an intense task. He was the Mayor of Lima in a short period of time, during the years of 1930 and 1931. He was elected deputy and later he presided over the Constituent Assembly. He was also president of the Supreme Court of the Republic.[4]

At that time, there was a political intolerance environment. This explains, but it does not justify, the annulment of the general election of 1936, in which Luis A. Eguiguren won with the support of APRA. He developed the activity of historical research with dynamism and conviction, and perhaps it explains the abundant and interesting bibliographical production of his authorship.[4]

Besides, we must highlight their work and research for the construction of the history of his alma mater, San Marcos. Orígenes de la Universidad de San Marcos is the title of a valuable text that all “sanmarquinos” should read in order to learn more about the oldest American college.[4]

Other of the books he also published were Catálogo histórico del claustro de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos 1576-1800, la Universidad de San Marcos: IV centenario de la fundación de la Universidad Real y Pontificia y de su vigorosa continuidad histórica, y Diccionario cronológico de la Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Marcos y sus Colegios.

He is the most prolific San Marcos historian, because he has written six thousand pages of documents and texts about his university. He chaired the Committee appointed to draft the official history of San Marcos, on the occasion of its four hundred year anniversary in 1951.[4] Luis A. Eguiguren was interested also on events and characters of Peru’s Independence. Therefore, he published studies about La rebelión de León de Huánuco, Lima y Huamanga 1812, La revolución de 1814, El mártir pescador José Silverio Olaya, La sublevación de Túpac Amaru, among others.

He made an important contribution to the text Apuntes sobre la cuestión internacional entre Perú y Ecuador, in which he demonstrated that some Peru's northern territories, like Jaen and Maynas, undoubtedly belong to his country.

Luis A. Eguiguren is the only Peruvian to lead the three branches of government, the Constituent Congress (1930-1932), the Supreme Court (1953-1954) and the failed Presidency (1936).

Political offices

Honours

He was named Doctor Honoris Causa of the following universities:

Publications

References

  1. ↑ LEÓN ZALDÍVAR, Rómulo: Las familias patricias. El Dr. Francisco José Eguiguren Escudero in High Life año II nº 7, Piura marzo 1967
  2. ↑ http://www.abogadoperu.com/peruano-fecha-20051202-pagina-79.php
  3. ↑ http://www.congreso.gob.pe/ntley/LeyNume_1p.asp
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS (Lima-Perú) Personajes distinguidos http://www.unmsm.edu.pe/sanmarcos/biografia/eguigurenl.htm
  5. ↑ Bethell, L. (Ed.), The Cambridge History of Latin America Volume 6: 1930 to the Present, Part 2: Politics and Society (Cambridge University Press, 1995), 418-419 https://books.google.com.pe/books?id=cbhOISlOv3MC&pg=PA418&dq=Eguiguren+Cambridge&hl=es-419&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwietczAuLbLAhVJJiYKHUjBB0UQ6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=Eguiguren%20Cambridge&f=false

Sources

Preceded by
Luis Albizuri		 Mayor of Lima
1930–1931 		Succeeded by
José Manuel García Bedoya
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