Lower Burma

History of Myanmar

Prehistory of Myanmar 11,000–200 BCE Pyu city-states 200 BCE–1050 CE (Sri Ksetra Kingdom, Tagaung Kingdom) Mon kingdoms 825?–1057 Arakanese kingdoms 788?–1406
Pagan Kingdom 849–1297 Early Pagan Kingdom 849–1044 Warring states period Upper Burma 1297–1555 Myinsaing and Pinya Kingdoms 1297–1364 Sagaing Kingdom 1315–64 Kingdom of Ava 1364–1555 Prome Kingdom 1482–1542 Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1287–1539, 1550–52 Shan States 1215–1563 Kingdom of Mrauk U 1429–1785 Toungoo Dynasty 1510–1752 First Toungoo Empire 1510–99 Nyaungyan Restoration 1599–1752 Restored Hanthawaddy 1740–57 Konbaung Dynasty 1752–1885
British colonial period 1824–1948 Anglo-Burmese Wars 1824–85 Nationalist movement 1900–48 Japanese occupation 1942–45
Modern era 1948–present Union of Burma 1948–62 Socialist Republic 1962–88 Union of Myanmar 1988–2010 Political reforms 2011–12
Timeline List of capitals Leaders Royal chronicles Military history

Lower Burma in pink, as opposed to Upper Burma in orange.

Lower Burma (Burmese: အောက်မြန်မာပြည်, also called Outer Myanmar) is a geographic region of Burma (Myanmar) and includes the low-lying Irrawaddy delta (Ayeyarwady, Bago and Yangon Regions), as well as coastal regions of the country (Rakhine and Mon States and Tanintharyi Region).

In the Burmese language, people originating from Upper Burma are typically called a-htet-tha for men and a-hiet-lhu for women, whereas those from Lower Burma are called auk tha (အောက်သား) for men and auk thu for women.^[1] While a-nya tha (အညာသား) refers to interior inhabitants of the country.^[2]

Historically, Lower Burma referred to the part of Burma annexed by the British Empire after the end of the Second Anglo-Burmese War in 1852,^[3] plus the former kingdom of Arakan and the territory of Tenasserim which the British had taken control of in 1826 through the Treaty of Yandabo.^[4] Lower Burma was centred at Rangoon, and composed of all of the coast of modern Burma, and also the lower basin of the Irrawaddy River, including Prome. Until the early 19th century, Lower Burma was predominantly populated by the Mon and Karen tribes and was a historical stronghold of the Mon people.

References

↑ Gustaaf Houtman (1990). Traditions of Buddhist Practice in Burma. ILCAA. p. 266.
↑ W. H. Sloan (1876). A Practical Method with the Burmese Language. American Mission Press. p. 74.
↑ Mya Than (1992). Myanmar's External Trade: An Overview in the Southeast Asian Context. Institute of Southeast Asian. p. 7. ISBN 98-130-1613-2.
↑ James Stuart Olson & Robert Shadle (1996). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire, Volume 1. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 214. ISBN 03-132-9366-X.

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Lower Burma

See also

References