Barremian

System/ Period	Series/ Epoch	Stage/ Age	Age (Ma)
Paleogene	Paleocene	Danian	younger
Cretaceous	Upper/ Late	Maastrichtian	66.0–72.1
		Campanian	72.1–83.6
		Santonian	83.6–86.3
		Coniacian	86.3–89.8
		Turonian	89.8–93.9
		Cenomanian	93.9–100.5
	Lower/ Early	Albian	100.5–~113.0
		Aptian	~113.0–~125.0
		Barremian	~125.0–~129.4
		Hauterivian	~129.4–~132.9
		Valanginian	~132.9–~139.8
		Berriasian	~139.8–~145.0
Jurassic	Upper/ Late	Tithonian	older
Subdivision of the Cretaceous system according to the IUGS, as of July 2012.

The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 129.4 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago) and 125.0 ± 1.0 Ma). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous epoch (or Lower Cretaceous series). It is preceded by the Hauterivian and followed by the Aptian stage.^[1]

Stratigraphic definitions

Barremian sedimentary rock layers, France

The original type locality for the Barremian stage is in the vicinity of the village of Barrême, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France. Henri Coquand defined the stage and named it in 1873.

The base of the Barremian is determined by the first appearance of the ammonites Spitidiscus hugii and Spitidiscus vandeckii. The end of the Barremian is determined by the geomagnetic reversal at the start of the M0r chronozone, which is biologically near the first appearance of the ammonite Paradeshayesites oglanlensis.

Regional equivalents

The Barremian falls in the Gallic epoch, a subdivision of the Cretaceous that is no longer used by the ICS. It overlaps the lower part of the Urgonian stage, which is sometimes used in western European stratigraphy. In North America, the late Coahulian and the early Comanchean correspond to the Barremian. In New Zealand, it falls within the Mokoiwian, and in Japan it corresponds to the late Aritan.^[1]

Subdivision

The Barremian is often subdivided into two substages or subages, Lower/Early and Upper/Late Barremian.

In the Tethys domain, the Barremian stage contains eleven ammonite biozones:

zone of Pseudocrioceras waagenoides
zone of Colchidites sarasini
zone of Imerites giraudi
zone of Hemihoplites feraudianus
zone of Gerhardtia sertousi
zone of Ancyloceras vandenheckii
zone of Coronites darsi
zone of Kotetishvilia compressissima
zone of Nicklesia pulchella
zone of Nicklesia nicklesi
zone of Spitidiscus hugii

Palaeontology

Much knowledge about the Barremian fauna—especially regarding birds, mammals and pterosaurs—derived from the famous Yixian Formation of China, part of which dates from this stage.

Cephalopods

†Ammonoidea

Annuloceras

Acantholytoceras
Aconeceras^[2]
Almohadites
Anclyoceras^[3]
Annuloceras^[2]
Astieridiscus
Callizoniceras^[2]
Carstenia^[2]
Chalalabelus^[2]
Colchidites^[2]
Coronites^[2]
Costidiscus

Dirrymoceras^[2]
Deshayesites^[2]
Eoheteroceras^[3]
Gymnoplites
Hamulina^[3]
Hamulinites^[3]
Heinzia^[3]
Hamiticeras^[2]
Hemibaculites^[2]
Heteroceras^[2]
Janenschites
Kabylites

Karsteniceras^[3]
Lopholobites^[2]
Lytocrioceras^[3]
Manoloviceras^[3]
Macroscaphites
Metahoplites
Paranclyoceras^[2]
Parasaynoceras
Pascoeites
Pedioceras
Pseudohaploceras
Pulchellia^[3]

Ptychoceras^[2]
Sanmartinoceras^[2]
Shasticrioceras
Silesites^[3]
Subpulchellia^[3]
Tonoceras^[2]
Torcapella^[3]
Uhligia^[3]
Veleziceras^[3]
Veveysiceras^[3]
Zurcherella^[2]

Neocoleoids

Neocoleoids of the Barremian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Maioteuthis
Neololigosepia
Oxyteuthis

†Belemnites

Belemnites of the Barremian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Curtohibolites				Belemnites
Neohibolites
Oxyteuthis

Nautiloidea

Nautiloids of the Barremian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Eucymatoceras				An illustration of a variety of fossil nautiloids.
Palelialia
Pseudaturoidea

Chondrichthyes

Hexanchidae: Notidanodon lanceolatus, Notorynchus aptiensis

Squamata

Iguania: Xianglong

Dinosaurs (including birds)

†Cerapoda

Cerapoda of the Barremian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Cedrorestes		Utah, USA
Fukuisaurus		Japan
Hypsilophodon		England
Iguanodon		Europe
Jeholosaurus		China
Jinzhousaurus		China
Mantellisaurus		Europe
Psittacosaurus		China, Mongolia, Russia, possibly Thailand
Siluosaurus		Gansu, China
Stenopelix		Obernkirchen Sandstein Formation, Germany
Valdosaurus		Europe

†Sauropoda

Sauropods of the Barremian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Amargasaurus		Neuquén, Argentina		Amargasaurus
Amargatitanis		Neuquén, Argentina
Aragosaurus		Aragón, Spain
Cedarosaurus		Utah, USA
Chondrosteosaurus		Wessex Formation, Isle of Wight, England
Eucamerotus		Isle of Wight, England
Histriasaurus		Croatia
Ornithopsis
Oplosaurus		Isle of Wight, England
Phuwiangosaurus		Sao Khua Formation

Theropoda

Theropods of the Barremian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Aristosuchus		Wessex Formation, Isle of Wight England		Baryonyx Caudipteryx Changchengornis Falcarius Fukuiraptor Harpymimus Huaxiagnathus Iberomesornis Microraptor Neovenator Shenzhousaurus Sinornithosaurus Utahraptor
Baryonyx		England, Spain, Portugal
Calamosaurus		Isle of Wight, England
Caudipteryx		Liaoning, China
Changchengornis		Liaoning, China
Concavenator		Spain	A sail-backed carcharodontosaurid
Concornis		Cuenca, Spain
Eoalulavis		Calizas de La Huérgina Formation Spain
Falcarius		Utah, USA	A therizinosaur that is one of the few North American varieties of its clade.
Fukuiraptor		Japan
Harpymimus		Gobi Desert, Mongolia
Huaxiagnathus		Liaoning, China
Iberomesornis		Cuenca, Spain
Incisivosaurus		Liaoning, China
Longipteryx		Liaoning, China
Microraptor		Liaoning, China
"Nanshiungosaurus" bohlini
Neovenator		Isle of Wight, England
Pelecanimimus		Cuenca, Spain
Prodeinodon		China, Mongolia
Sapeornis		Liaoning, China
Shenzhousaurus		Liaoning, China
Siamotyrannus	Berriasian-Barremian	Thailand
Sinornithosaurus		Liaoning, China
Sinovenator		Liaoning, China
Utahraptor		Utah, USA
Yaverlandia		Isle of Wight, England
Yixianosaurus		Liaoning, China

†Thyreophora

Thyreophora of the Barremian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Craterosaurus		England		Fossil of Gastonia Polacanthus
Gastonia		Utah, USA
Liaoningosaurus		Liaoning, China
Polacanthus		England
Sauroplites		Gansu, China

Mammals

Mammals of the Barremian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Crusafontia		EL Castellar Formation and La Huéguina Formation, Spain		Skeleton of the primitive mammal Eomaia Repenomamus
Eobaatar	several species from Hauterivian to Albian	Spain, Mongolia
Eomaia
Repenomamus
Sinobaatar
Zhangheotherium

†Plesiosaurians

Mammals of the Barremian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Stenorhynchosaurus		Paja Formation, Boyacá department, Columbia	A brachaucheniin pliosaurid

†Pterosaurs

Liaoningopterus

Azhdarchoidea incertae sedis: Chaoyangopterus,^[4] Jidapterus
Ctenochasmatidae: Beipiaopterus, Liaoxipterus
Istiodactylidae: Hongshanopterus,Istiodactylus,Longchengpterus, Nurhachius
Ornithocheiridae: Amblydectes, Haopterus, Liaoningopterus
Ornithocheiroidea incertae sedis: Boreopterus
Pterodactyloidea incertae sedis: Feilongus
Tapejaridae: Huaxiapterus, Sinopterus

References

Notes

1 2 See Gradstein et al. (2004) or the online geowhen database (link below)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Earliest occurrence: Upper Barremian
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Earliest occurrence: Lower Barremian
↑ Only known from this stage

Literature

Cossmann, M. & Pelat, E. (1907): Le Barrémien supérieur à faciès Urgonien de Brouzet-lès-Alais (Gard). Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France, Paléontologie 15(37): 5-42. (in French)
Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; (2004): A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.
Guzhikov, A.Yu. & Baraboshkin, E.J. (2006): Assessment of diachronism of biostratigraphic boundaries by magnetochronological calibration of zonal scales for the Lower Cretaceous of the Tethyan and Boreal belts. Doklady Earth Sciences 409(6): 843-846. doi:10.1134/S1028334X06060018

External links

GeoWhen Database - Barremian
Mid-Cretaceous timescale, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
Stratigraphic chart of the Lower Cretaceous, at the website of Norges Network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy

Cretaceous Period
Lower/Early Cretaceous	Upper/Late Cretaceous
Berriasian \| Valanginian \| Hauterivian Barremian\| Aptian \| Albian	Cenomanian \| Turonian \| Coniacian Santonian \|Campanian \| Maastrichtian

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