Louis Keouli Thompson

Louis Keouli Thompson

Louis Keouli Thompson
aka Segis Luvaun
Background information
Birth name Louis Thompson
Also known as Segis Luvaun
Born (1882-04-22)April 22, 1882
Honolulu, Oahu, Kingdom of Hawai'i
Died July 15, 1937(1937-07-15)
Kittanning, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania
Genres Hawaiian Folk
Occupation(s) Musician, singer-songwriter
Instruments Vocals, Ukulele, Steel Guitar, Violin
Years active 1900–1922
Associated acts Honolulu Students, The Tawmsen's
Notable instruments
Steel Guitar, Ukulele, Violin

Louis Keouli Thompson (April 22, 1882 – July 15, 1937) better known by his stage name Segis Luvaun, was a Hawaiian singer and musician and the reported King of Ukulele Players.[1] Thompson, native to Hawai'i, claimed United States citizenship when Hawaii was annexed by the United States as a territory in 1898. He performed much of his life, first touring the United States and later throughout Scandinavia and Europe, many times for Royalty.[1]

Personal life

Louis Thompson was born in Honolulu in the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1882. The earliest known record of him is the 1900 census[2] showing him as a 17-year-old student at the Kamehameha School, then known as the Kamehameha School for Boys. Indeed, Thompson is shown in the schools Class of 1900 class photo.[3] The 1900 census shows both his parents being from the Hawaiian Islands. A 1919 Visa application, filled out by Thompson, records his father's name as Keouli Tawmsen[4] and a 1916 Visa application indicated that his father was deceased at that time.[5] However, on the marriage license to Eveline Walters (shown below), indicates his father's name is 'Carlo Luvaun'.[6] No other information is known of his family.

Thompson married Mildred Elnora Rupp on July 26, 1910 in Chicago, Illinois.[7] At the time, Thompson went by Lu, with his full name on the marriage license recorded as Lu Kaoly Thompson. Rupp was born on October 26, 1893 in Winfield, Kansas.[8] Although Thompson was actually 28 and Rupp was 17 at the time, the marriage license shows them as 26 and 21, respectively. He and Rupp had one child, Billven Keouli Thompson, born December 16, 1911 in Topeka, Kansas. Billven is Thompson's only known child.

Sometime after marrying Rupp in 1910 and before leaving for Europe in 1914, Thompson married Moana.[6] Although little is known about Moana, including her maidian name, one might speculate that she was the inspiration behind Thompson's chart 'Moana Waltz'.

Thompson married Eveline Walters on April 7, 1917 in St. Giles, London, England. At this time, Thompson was 35 and Walters was 21.[6] She was born on September 11, 1896 in Somersetshire, England.[9] and her father's name was Gaius Walters[6]

Within three years (1903) of graduating from Kamehameha School for Boys, Thompson had already left his home land of Hawai'i for the main land of the United States.[3] He toured there for ten years before moving to London in 1914. In 1919, he moved to Copenhagen, Denmark. By 1922, he once again moved, this time to Prague, Czechoslovakia. His last known residence in Europe, per Visa applications, was Riga, Latvia. He remained in Europe until September 1936 when he returned to the United States sailing from Marseille to Boston. He died of heart failure in a Pennsylvania hospital, on July 15, 1937.

Career

Much of Thompson's career has been gathered through newspaper ads and articles, as well as mention in books about the Hawaiian music movement at the time. According to Kamehameha School archives, Thompson had left for the United States main land by 1902 or 1903. Several articles show him touring in the United States as early as 1907 and as late as 1913. In his book How to Play the Ukulele, Thompson records that he was discovered in 1912 while touring in the United States by Sir Walter de Freece, who brought him to Europe. Tracking his travels through passport and visa applications, shows that he lived and performed in locations such as London, Oslo, Copenhagen, the Netherlands, Germany and Switzerland from 1914 to 1931.

United States Tour (1902–1913)

Thompson was manager of a troupe called the Honolulu Students that he toured with across various venues within the United States. The stage name that he used while with the Honolulu Students is Professor Lu Thompson Keouli. During 1907 and 1908, Thompson, along with the Honolulu Students toured as part of the Chautauqua circuit[10]

Date Location Event
1907? Amherst, MassachusettsAmherst College Chautauqua performance of the Honolulu Students.[10]
October 25, 1907 Northampton, Massachusetts Chautauqua performance of the Honolulu Students.[10]
October 28, 1907 Hartford, Connecticut Chautauqua performance of the Honolulu Students.[10]
November 13, 1907 Baldwinsville, New York Chautauqua performance of the Honolulu Students.[10]
November 14, 1907 Port Henry, New York Chautauqua performance of the Honolulu Students.[10]
November 15, 1907 Brandon, Vermont Chautauqua performance of the Honolulu Students.[10]
November 16, 1907 Bristol, Vermont Chautauqua performance of the Honolulu Students.[10]
November 18, 1907 Cambridge, Vermont Chautauqua performance of the Honolulu Students.[10]
January 27, 1909 Jamestown, New York Y.M.C.A. Performance of the Honolulu Students as reported in the Hawaiian Gazette.[11] Thompson listed as Professor Keouli.
Nov 1913 Madison, WisconsinOrpheum Theatre Newspaper advertisement for "The Tawmsen's" performing at the Orpheum Theatre.

European Tour (1914–1928)

Date Location Event
TBD TBD TBD

Stage Names

Thompson appears to have been very prolific with his epithet. Although there is no record of why he chose different aliases, he chose both unique names and spellings at different times in his career. Below is a list of names he was known to use.

Discography

1916 HMV Label (London, England)

Recorded in London, England under the HMV label as Segis Luvaun[12]

Year Song Ctrl# Album Notes
1916 "Yaaka Hula Hickey Dula" (Goetz, Young and Wendling) HO3059ae B-703 Hawaiian Guitar, Vocal
"You've Got To Do It" ("Pell Mell" Revue[13])(Nat D. Ayer) HO3060ae B-726 Hawaiian Guitar, Vocal
Unidentified Title HO3061ae ? Hawaiian Guitar, Vocal
"Moana Waltz" (Luvaun) HO3062ae B-726 Hawaiian Guitar, Vocal
"A Broken Doll" (Tate)("Samples" revue) HO3063ae B-701 Hawaiian Guitar, Vocal
"If You Were The Only Girl in the World" (Ayer)("The Bing Boys Are Here") HO3064/5 B-703 Hawaiian Guitar, Vocal

1917 Zonophone label (London, England)

Recorded in London, England under the Zonophone label as Juan Akoni[12]

Year Song Ctrl# Album Notes
1917 "Come and Dance With Me" y20732e 1879 Ukulele/Hawaiian Guitar
Unidentified Title y20733e ? Ukulele/Hawaiian Guitar
"Oh How She Could Yacki Hacki Wicki Wacki Woo" y20734e 1802 Ukulele/Hawaiian Guitar
"Honolulu Tomboy" y20735e ? Ukulele/Hawaiian Guitar
"Yaaka Hula Hickey Dula" y20736e 1802 Ukulele/Hawaiian Guitar
"Hawaiian Medley" (Luvaun) y20737e 2055 Ukulele/Hawaiian Guitar

1917 Winner Label (London, England)

Recorded in London, England under the Winner label as Luvaun assisted by Lady Chetwynd[12]

Year Song Ctrl# Album Notes
1917 "My Hawaiian Butterfly" (--) (2234) 3149 Luvaun (Ukulele/Hawaiian Guitar), Lady Chetwynd (Violin)
"Ideal Girl Waltz" (--) (2235) 3149 Luvaun (Ukulele/Hawaiian Guitar), Lady Chetwynd (Violin)
"Come and Dance With Me" (2238) 3151 Luvaun (Ukulele/Hawaiian Guitar), Lady Chetwynd (Violin)
"Moana Waltz" (2239) 3151 Luvaun (Ukulele/Hawaiian Guitar), Lady Chetwynd (Violin)
"Ua Like No Alike" 5515 3240 Luvaun (Ukulele/Hawaiian Guitar), Lady Chetwynd (Violin)
"Aloha Oe" 5516 3149 Luvaun (Ukulele/Hawaiian Guitar), Lady Chetwynd (Violin)

1917 Zonophone Label (London, England)

Recorded in London, England under the Zonophone label as Juan Akoni[12]

Year Song Ctrl# Album Notes
1917 "Along The Way To Waikiki" y20972e 1879 Ukulele or Hawaiian Guitar
Unidentified Title y20973e ? Ukulele or Hawaiian Guitar
"Hawaiian Butterfly" y20974e ? Ukulele or Hawaiian Guitar
"Hawaiian Butterfly" y20975e 1847 Ukulele or Hawaiian Guitar
"The Ideal Girl – Waltz" (Luvaun) y20976e 2055 Ukulele or Hawaiian Guitar
"What Do You Want To Make Those Eyes at Me For?" y20977e 1847 Ukulele or Hawaiian Guitar

1920 Ekophon Label (Saltsjöbaden, Sweden)

Recorded in Saltsjöbaden, Sweden under the Ekophon label as Segis Luvaun[12]

Year Song Ctrl# Album Notes
c 1920 "Chong Fran Hongkong" (H. Weeks) W-1152 NS-1419-I Segis Luvaun(Ukulele), Ernst Rolf(Vocal)
"Ukalele Waltz" (sic) W-1153 NS-1715-II Hawaiian guitar/ukulele
Unidentified Title W-1154 ? Hawaiian guitar/ukulele
Unidentified Title W-1155 NS-1716-? Hawaiian guitar/ukulele
"Original Hawaiian Waltz" W-1153 NS-1715-I. Also Beka S-889 Hawaiian guitar/ukulele
"My Hawaiian Sweethearth" (sic) W-1157 NS-1714-II. Also Beka S-889 Hawaiian guitar/ukulele
Unidentified Title W-1160 NS-1716-? Hawaiian guitar/ukulele
"Sommarsol Till Sista Stund" (Dansk) W-1161 NS-1714-I Hawaiian guitar/ukulele
"Hawajansk Kärlekssang" W-1163 NS-1419-II Ukulele
"Karl Alfred" (Taube) W-1193 NS-1417-I Segis Luvaun(Ukulele), Ernst Rolf(Vocal)
"Titta in En Annan Dag" (Rygaard) W-1196 NS-1417-II Segis Luvaun(Ukulele), Ernst Rolf(Vocal)

1920–1921 Grammaphon/Polydor Label (Berlin, Germany)

Recorded in Berlin, Germany under the Grammaphon/Polydor label as Segis Luvaun[12]

Year Song Ctrl# Album Notes
c 1920–1921 "Kilima Waltz" (S. Luvaun)[14] 141at 14363. Also Reneyphone 14663; Polypho X/N-14636 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"If You Could Care" (Darewsky) 142at 14363. Also Reneyphone 14663; Polyphon X/N-14636 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"Aloha Oe" (von Queen[15])(sic) 143at 14364. Also Polyphon X/N-14364 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"The Eve Waltz" (Luvaun) ---at 14367. Also Reneyphone 14367; Polyphon NS-98502 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"Ja-Da" (Robn. Carledon) 145at 14365. Also Reneyphone 14365; Polyphon X/N-14365 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"My Philosophy" (von S. Luvaun) 146at 14364. Also Polyphon X/N-14365 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"Won't You Dance With Me" (Luvaun) ---at 14367. Also Reneyphone 14367; Polyphon NS-98502 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"Moana Waltz" (Luvaun) 148at 14365. Also Reneyphone 14365; Polyphon X/N-14365 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"Wiki-Waki" (S. Luvaun) 150at 14366. Also Polyphon 288106, NS-98500, X/N-14366 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"After You Get What You Want, You Don't Want It" (Irving Berlin) 151at 14366. Also Polyphon X/N-14366 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal

Early 1921 Grammaphon/Polydor Label (Berlin, Germany)

Recorded in Berlin, Germany under the Grammaphon/Polydor label as Segis Luvaun[12]

Year Song Ctrl# Album Notes
c early 1921 "Beautiful" (S. Luvaun) (My Beautiful Eve) 180at Berlin, Germany Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"Cuddle and Kiss" (Jerome) 181at 14368. Also Polyphon 288109 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"Ideal Girl" (Luvaun) 182at 14369. Also Reneyphone 14369; Polyphon NS-98504 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"Norway (Norwegen)(La Norvege*)" (S. Luvaun) 183at 14369, 14370, 07341?. Also Reneyphone 14369*; Polyphon NS-98504, 288113, NS-98500 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles" (Kenbroin-Kelette) 185at 14370, 07341? Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"Hawaiian Lullaby" (Luvaun) 14371 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"Ua Ike No A Like" (Queen Liliuokalani)[16] 14371. Also Polyphon X/N-288115 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"Venetian Moon. Foxtrot" (Magini) 14372. Also Polyphon X/N-288117 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"La Veeda" (Alden) 14372. Also Polyphon X/N-288117 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"Beautiful Heroor" X/N-288109 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal

Late 1921 Grammaphon/Polydor Label (Berlin, Germany)

Recorded in Berlin, Germany under the Grammaphon/Polydor label as Segis Luvaun[12]

Year Song Ctrl# Album Notes
c late 1921 / early 1922 "You've Got A Million Dollar Smile" (H. Darewski) 258at 14373. Also Polyphon 288119, X/N-14373 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"Hawaiian Butterfly" (B. Baskette & J. Santley) 259at 14373. Also Polyphon 288120, X/N-14373 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"Yaaka Hula Hickey Dula (Hawaisches Liebesständchen)" (Bernhard) 20306 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal
"You've Got To Do It" (Warum?) (Ayer) 20306. Also Polyphon X/N-288115 Hawaiian guitar, English/Hawaiian vocal

Sept 1924 Grammaphon/Polydor Label (Berlin, Germany)

Recorded in Berlin, Germany under the Grammaphon/Polydor label with Eric Borchard's Jazzband[12]

Year Song Ctrl# Album Notes
c Sept 1924 "Hula Lou!" (Halloh kleiner Schatz). Foxtrot (Yellen & King) ("Hula-Lou!" Foxtrot. Yellen et King)* 1784ax 20115. Also Reneyphone F-40407* Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Louis de Vries(trumpet), Emile Christian(trombone/?vocal), Eric Borchard(clarinet, tenor sax, ?vocal), Billy Bartholomew(alto sax, clarinet), Sascha Dickstein(violin), Austin Egen(piano), Harold M. Kirchstein(banjo, guitar), unidentified German(drums)

1923–1926 Deutsche Grammophon Label (Berlin, Germany)

Recorded in Berlin, Germany under the Deutsche Grammophon label with Efim Schachmeister[12]

Year Song Ctrl# Album Notes
c 1923–1926 Unidentified

Mar 1925 Vox Label (Berlin, Germany)

Recorded in Berlin, Germany under Vox label as Segis Luvaun[12]

Year Song Ctrl# Album Notes
c Mar 1925 "I Need Some Bettin'" Foxtrot (T. Fiorito & R. King) (sic) 2468-B 6248 Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Unidentified(piano)
"Die Nacht war schwül..." Foxtrot (S. Romberg & A. Goodman) 2469-B 6231 Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Unidentified(piano)
"California" Foxtrot (C. Conrad) 2470-B 6231 Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Unidentified(piano)
"Waiting Around" (Davis & Hanley) 2471-B 6248 Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Unidentified(piano)
"Nobody Lied" (Weber) 2468-B 6248 Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Unidentified(piano)
"Shine" (F. Dabney) ----B 6234 Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Unidentified(piano)
"And Her Mother Came Too" (O. Noello) (sic) ----B 6234 Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Unidentified(piano)
"Sing Along" (Fr. Wood & O.P. Long) ----B 6235 Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Unidentified(piano)
"Somebody's Wrong" (Marshall, Egan, Whiting) ----B 6235 Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Unidentified(piano)
"Swanee River Moon" (--) 2476-B 6252. Also Derby-571b Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Unidentified(piano)

Late 1925 Vox Label (Berlin, Germany)

Recorded in Berlin, Germany under Vox label with Original Hawaiian Trio (Bruquil, Milissa, San Juan) as San Juan[12]

Year Song Ctrl# Album Notes
c late 1925 "When The Clock Strikes One-Two-Three-Four" (--) 2526-B 6271 Bruquil/Milissa/San Juan(Hawaiian guitar-trio)
"Hawaiian Twilight" (--) ----B 6241. Also Derby-571a Bruquil/Milissa/San Juan(Hawaiian guitar-trio)
"Kilima-Waltz" ----B 6241 Bruquil/Milissa/San Juan(Hawaiian guitar-trio)
"Pua Carnation" ----B 6242 Bruquil/Milissa/San Juan(Hawaiian guitar-trio)
"Dreamy Hawaii" ----B 6242 Bruquil/Milissa/San Juan(Hawaiian guitar-trio)
"Aloha Land" (--) 2530-B 6271 Bruquil/Milissa/San Juan(Hawaiian guitar-trio)

Sept–Oct 1925 Winner Label (London, England)

Recorded in London, England under Winner label as Segis Luvaun[12]

Year Song Ctrl# Album Notes
c Sept–Oct 1925 "Sunny Hawaii" Waltz 4323 Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Unknown(violin)
"My Eve" Waltz 4323 Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Unknown(violin)
"At Dusk" Waltz (Luvaun) 9634-2 4433 Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Unknown(violin)
"Prancing" Foxtrot (Luvaun) 9635-1 4433 Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Unknown(violin)

1925–1926 The Bell Label (London, England)

Recorded in London, England under The Bell label as Unknown[12]

Year Song Ctrl# Album Notes
c 1925–1926 "At Dusk" 435- 735, 758 possibly Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar)
"My Eve" 436-? 351, 735 possibly Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar)
"London" Foxtrot 437–1 357, 732, 758 possibly Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar)
"Prancing" ? 360 possibly Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar)
"Moana Waltz" 439–1 363 possibly Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar)

Mar 1928 Grammaphon/Polydor Label (Berlin, Germany)

Recorded in Berlin, Germany under Grammaphon/Polydor label as Segis Luvaun[12]

Year Song Ctrl# Album Notes
c Mar 1928 "Aloha-Oe" Foxtrot (Luvaun) 63br 21321. Also Polydor(F)-21321 Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Possibly Nikolaus Brodsky(piano), Probably Segis Luvaun(English/Hawaiian vocal), 2 unidentified(vocal)
"Sunny Havanna" Foxtrot (Nicholls) 64br 21321. Also Polydor(F)-21321 Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Possibly Nikolaus Brodsky(piano), Probably Segis Luvaun(English/Hawaiian vocal), 2 unidentified(vocal)
"Kilima-Valse" (Luvaun) 65½br 21322. Also Polydor(F)-21322, Polyphon NS-98508. Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Possibly Nikolaus Brodsky(piano), Probably Segis Luvaun(English/Hawaiian vocal), 2 unidentified(vocal)
"Ma-Oui Girl" Foxtrot (Kealakai)[17] 66br 21322. Also Polydor(F)-21322, Polyphon NS-98508. Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Possibly Nikolaus Brodsky(piano), Probably Segis Luvaun(English/Hawaiian vocal), 2 unidentified(vocal)
"Yaaka-Hula-Hicki-Dula" Foxtrot (Bernard) 67br *21323. Also Polydor(F)-32323, Polyphon NS-98510A Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Possibly Nikolaus Brodsky(piano), Probably Segis Luvaun(English/Hawaiian vocal), 2 unidentified(vocal)
"Wela-Ka-Hao" Foxtrot (Luvaun) 68br 21323. Also Polydor(F)-21323, Polyphon NS-98510B Segis Luvaun(Hawaiian guitar), Possibly Nikolaus Brodsky(piano), Probably Segis Luvaun(English/Hawaiian vocal), 2 unidentified(vocal)

Apr 1928 Grammaphon/Polydor Label (Berlin, Germany)

Recorded in Berlin, Germany under Grammaphon/Polydor label as Segis Luvaun[12]

Year Song Ctrl# Album Notes
c Apr 1928 "Always (Heimweh)" (Irving Berlin) 132br 21666 Probably Segis Luvaun, Nikolaus Brodsky(vocal-duet), Unidentified(banjo)
"Moana Rose. Lied" (Luvaun) br 21417 Probably Segis Luvaun, Nikolaus Brodsky(vocal-duet), Unidentified(banjo)
"Nach der Heimat. Volkslied" 134br 21666 Probably Segis Luvaun, Nikolaus Brodsky(vocal-duet), Unidentified(banjo)
"Melodie in F" (Rubinstein) 135br 21665. Also Polyphon NS-98514 Probably Segis Luvaun, Nikolaus Brodsky(vocal-duet), Unidentified(banjo)
"Romance of Eve" (Luvaun) 136br 21665. Also Polyphon NS-98514 Probably Segis Luvaun, Nikolaus Brodsky(vocal-duet), Unidentified(banjo)
"Marcheta. Lied" (Schertzinger) br 21417 Probably Segis Luvaun, Nikolaus Brodsky(vocal-duet), Unidentified(banjo)
"Mondnacht. Lied" 138½br 21664 Probably Segis Luvaun, Nikolaus Brodsky(vocal-duet), Unidentified(banjo)
"Lysistrata. Glühwürmchen-Idyll" (Paul Lincke) 139br 21664 Probably Segis Luvaun, Nikolaus Brodsky(vocal-duet), Unidentified(banjo)
"One, Two, Three, Four" (Reading) 140br 21416 Probably Segis Luvaun, Nikolaus Brodsky(vocal-duet), Unidentified(banjo)
"Tell All The World" (--) 141br 21416 Probably Segis Luvaun, Nikolaus Brodsky(vocal-duet), Unidentified(banjo)

Publications

Notes

  1. 1 2 Luvaun (1926), p. 2.
  2. Source Citation: Year: 1900; Census Place: Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii Territory; Roll: T623_1837; Page: 26B; Enumeration District: 24.
  3. 1 2 KS Archives – Kamehameha School for Boys, Class of 1900 Retrieved on 2012-06-02.
  4. Source Citation: National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Washington D.C.; Passport Applications, January 2, 1906 – March 31, 1925; ARC Identifier 583830 / MLR Number A1 534; NARA Series: M1490; Roll #807.
  5. Source Citation: National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Washington D.C.; Passport Applications, January 2, 1906 – March 31, 1925; ARC Identifier 583830 / MLR Number A1 534; NARA Series: M1490; Roll #315.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Certified Copy of an entry of marriage for Segis Luvaun and Eveline Walters, Registration District of St. Giles, entry Number 169.
  7. Source: Ancestry.com. Cook County, Illinois, Marriages Index, 1871–1920 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011.
  8. Edmund West, comp.. Family Data Collection – Births [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 2001.
  9. Source Citation: National Archives and Records Administration (NARA); Washington D.C.; Emergency Passport Applications, Argentina thru Venezuela, 1906–1925; Collection Number: ARC Identifier 1244183 / MLR Number A1 544; ; ; Box #: 4715; Volume #: 3.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The Honolulu Students : from the Hawaiian islands., Rochester, N.Y., The Central Printing & Engraving Company (190-?)
  11. Hawaiian Gazette (1909), pg 7.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Bio-Discography (1990)
  13. "Pell-Mell", a revue by Fred Thompson and Morris Harvey; with music by Nat D. Ayer and lyrics by Clifford Grey and Hugh E. Wright, opened at the London Ambassador theatre on June 5, 1916.
  14. Composed by George (Keoki) E. K. Awai
  15. Composed by Queen Liliuokalani
  16. Composed by Alice K. Everett
  17. Composer Ignacio Libornio

References

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