Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash

Lokomotiv Yaroslavl air disaster

Russian President Dmitry Medvedev lays flowers near the remains of the rear stabilizer and some landing gear of the Yak-42D that carried the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl hockey squad.
Accident summary
Date 7 September 2011 (2011-09-07)
Summary Runway overrun and stall during takeoff due to braking; Pilot error
Site Volga River bank, near Yaroslavl, Russia
Coordinates: 57°33′07″N 40°07′16″E / 57.5518528°N 40.121212°E / 57.5518528; 40.121212
Passengers 37[1]
Crew 8[1]
Fatalities 44 [2]
Survivors 1 (2 initially)
Aircraft type Yakovlev Yak-42D
Operator Yak-Service
Registration RA-42434
Flight origin Tunoshna Airport, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia
Destination Minsk National Airport, Minsk, Belarus

On 7 September 2011, Yak-Service Flight 9633, a Yakovlev Yak-42 carrying the players and coaching staff of the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl professional ice hockey team, crashed near the Russian city of Yaroslavl. The aircraft ran off the runway before lifting off, struck a tower mast, caught fire and crashed 2 km (1.2 mi) from Tunoshna Airport on the Volga River bank. Of the 45 on board, 43 died at the crash site.[3] One of the two rescued from the wreck, Alexander Galimov, died five days later in hospital.[4] Crew member Alexander Sizov was the sole survivor.

Lokomotiv Yaroslavl, a member of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), Russia's top ice hockey league, was on its way to Minsk, Belarus, to start the 2011–12 season.[4] All players from the main roster and four from the youth team were on board the aircraft. Because of the tragedy, Lokomotiv Yaroslavl chose to cancel its participation in the 2011–12 KHL season.[5] The club instead participated in the 2011–12 season of the Russian Major League (VHL), the second-ranked ice hockey league in Russia after the KHL, starting in December 2011, and were eligible for the VHL playoffs.[6][7] The KHL temporarily suspended its season-opening game already in progress and postponed the start of the season by five days.

Investigation of the crash focused on pilot error and technical failures. An investigative committee was set up which examined Yak-Service's records; conditions at the airport; the aircraft's wreckage; and flight recorder data. Simulations of the aircraft's takeoff were conducted to compare with recovered flight recorder data. Testing determined that pilot error was the cause as a braking force was found to have been applied by the chief pilot during the takeoff.[8] The investigating committee released its report at a press conference on 2 November 2011. According to Alexei Morozov, chief of the investigative commission, "the immediate cause of the...crash was the...crew's erroneous actions, namely the pilot stepping on the brake pedals before raising the nose wheel because of the wrong position of [his] feet on the [pedals] during takeoff."[9] It was later revealed that the pilot had used falsified documents to obtain permission to fly the aircraft, and that both officers lacked the training necessary to fly the Yak-42.[10]

Aircraft

The Yakovlev Yak-42D involved in the accident in 2006

The aircraft, a Yakovlev Yak-42D, construction number 4520424305017, was first flown in 1993. After operations with several airlines, it joined the Yak-Service fleet, which was the operator of the aircraft when it crashed.[11] Oleg Panteleyev, head of analytics at AviaPort, notes that the Yak-42 was designed with a 36-year service life, and this airframe, based upon the number of hours flown, and the number of takeoffs and landings, still had 60 percent of its service life remaining. According to Panteleyev, in civil aviation, there is no such thing as an "old aircraft" and that instead it is airworthiness which determines whether the aircraft is suitable to operate.[12] According to Deputy Transport Minister Valery Okulov, one of the three engines on the aircraft had been replaced a month prior to the crash.[13] The aircraft was due to be taken out of service at the end of 2011 for a scheduled major overhaul.[14]

Crash

Weather conditions at Tunoshna Airport on 7 September 2011, were described as good, with a wind from 360° at 11 kilometres per hour (6.8 mph), a visibility of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), with significant stratocumulus clouds at a lower limit of 990 metres (3,250 ft).[15] The temperature was 17.8 °C (64.0 °F).[15] The Yak-Service Yak-42D aircraft entered Runway 05/23 at taxiway 5, 300 metres (980 ft) from the start of the runway. Runway 05/23 was 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) long, leaving 2,700 metres (8,900 ft) for take-off. After the aircraft was cleared for take-off it accelerated to an estimated 230 kilometres per hour (140 mph) but failed to lift off from the runway.[15] The Yak-42 ran off past the end of the runway for a distance of 400 metres (1,300 ft) before it lifted off from the ground.[15] From that point, it struck a beacon tower mast located about 450 metres (1,480 ft) from the end of the runway.[16] It did not reach a flying altitude, never exceeding an estimated 6 metres (20 ft) from the ground.[15]

After it struck the tower mast, the aircraft veered left and crashed on the riverbank of the Tunoshna River, 200 metres (660 ft) from where it joins the Volga River, losing its tail assembly on impact while the front part of the jet disintegrated.[16] At the impact site, the tail section remained in the water, while the pieces of the fuselage were on dry land.[17] The location of the wreckage was approximately 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the end of the runway.[18]

Witness reports described the aircraft as "bursting into flames" after hitting the mast.[19] The aircraft's direction changed after hitting the mast, described as "rolling to the left" and then it impacted the ground.[20] Another witness report described that engines went silent moments before the crash.[21] Another report indicated that the aircraft hit some trees before it crashed.[22] A security surveillance camera mounted on the mast recorded the approach of the Yak-42 at high speed, running off the end of the runway, only metres above the ground, the nose pulling up moments before impacting the mast.[23] Debris from the aircraft was found just past the mast site, continuing from that point to the crash site.[20] The crew did not report any technical problems to the airport controllers.[24]

In 2009, Yak-Service had been investigated by the European Commission, following airworthiness and air safety concerns. Russian authorities imposed restrictions on the carrier, and made Yak-Service subject to ramp inspections to international standards.[25] In 2010, Yak-Service had been banned from making flights into European airspace. The Russian transport ministry on 18 May 2010, prohibited Yak-Service from flying into Europe. On 11 August 2010, the operating restrictions were removed by Russian authorities. The European Commission, however, was not satisfied that mandatory equipment was present on all Yak-Service aircraft, and banned two of the company's Yakovlev Yak-40s from operating in European airspace.[26]

Lokomotiv Yaroslavl

At the time of the crash, Lokomotiv Yaroslavl was one of the top ice hockey teams in Russia, originally established in 1959. The team won the Russian Open Championship in 1997, 2002 and 2003,[27] and were finalists in 2008 and 2009, making it to the third round of the playoffs in four straight seasons. Lokomotiv lost in the 2010 KHL Western Conference Finals 4–3 to HC MVD, and lost in the 2011 KHL Western Conference Finals 4–2 to Atlant. Several players were about to make their debut with the team, including former National Hockey League (NHL) players Ruslan Salei,[28] Pavol Demitra, and Kārlis Skrastiņš.[29] Also set to make their coaching debuts were former NHL players Igor Korolev and Brad McCrimmon.[30]

Reaction

People lighting candles at a makeshift memorial outside Arena 2000 in Yaroslavl.

Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, who had been on his way to Yaroslavl for the Yaroslavl Global Policy Forum, sent his condolences to the families of those killed in the crash,[31] and visited the crash site along with Governor of Yaroslavl Oblast Sergey Vakhrukov.[4][32] René Fasel, president of the International Ice Hockey Federation, called the crash "the darkest day in the history of our sport."[33] Manchester United chief executive David Gill wrote to the Russian side to offer support and sympathy after hearing of the tragedy, which bore unsettling similarities to the Munich air disaster which cost 23 United players, staff and journalists their lives in 1958.[34] Yaroslavl announced a three-day period of mourning from Friday 9 September 2011 to Sunday 11 September 2011.[24]

Upon hearing the news of the accident, KHL officials stopped and postponed the Salavat Yulaev Ufa–Atlant Moscow Oblast game already in progress.[35] The game was suspended in the second period, and KHL president Alexander Medvedev addressed the audience at the game, informing them of the details of the tragedy. Medvedev promised "We will do our best to keep the high-level hockey in Yaroslavl." A minute of silence was held and the audience exited the arena. The two teams left to go to a nearby church.[36] The following day in Minsk, at the arena where Yaroslavl was to play its first game of the season, a requiem Mass was celebrated to honor the dead.[37] The KHL resumed its 2011–12 season on 12 September 2011, with seven games. All games were preceded with a minute of silence.[38]

Early into New York Islanders training camp, goaltender Evgeni Nabokov, having played the previous season in the KHL, was deeply saddened by the news and was quoted as saying

"I think I knew 80 percent of the team. Either I played with them or I played against them. You see each other in different tournaments. Some of them you're really close with, or some them you just say hi and have a couple of laughs with. [...] It struck me when I found out. I was at breakfast and reading the Russian newspapers and all of a sudden, it popped up. It's almost like you don't want to believe something like that. It's tough. You have chills and you just hope that the families will find the strength to fight through something like that."[39]

On Saturday, 10 September 2011, memorial services for the players were held in countries where the players came from. The biggest services which were held in Arena 2000, the home arena of Lokomotiv Yaroslavl, were attended by thousands of mourners as well as Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin. Local police determined the crowd number at Lokomotiv's home arena to be roughly 100,000.[40][41] Lokomotiv executives met to discuss the team's future. In the discussion, team president Yuri Yakovlev announced that Lokomotiv would not participate in the 2011–12 KHL season.[42] In Sweden, over 10,000 relatives and fans of HV71 attended Kinnarps Arena, HV71's home arena, to mourn Swedish goaltender Stefan Liv who died in the crash.[43] On 12 September 2011, after the death of Alexander Galimov, Lokomotiv Yaroslavl marketing manager Ivjiny Chuev said that another memorial, this time specifically for Galimov, would be held on 13 September 2011.[44] The Dallas Stars, the team which Kārlis Skrastiņš played for the previous two seasons, honored their former teammate by placing a decal with Skrastiņš's number (37) on the helmets of their players.[45] Josef Vašíček's former NHL team, the Carolina Hurricanes, wore a commemorative patch on their jerseys during the season.[46] The Detroit Red Wings wore a patch on their 2011–2012 uniforms with the initials of Ruslan Salei, who had played for Detroit during the previous season. The patch the Red Wings wore also honored Brad McCrimmon, who had played for the team and been an assistant coach, and Stefan Liv, who was drafted by Detroit and played for their minor-league team. Furthermore, the Anaheim Ducks embroidered Salei's number (#24) on their jerseys for the season. The New Jersey Devils wore a commemorative patch on their jerseys honoring former Devils players Karel Rachunek and Alexander Vasyunov. The St. Louis Blues also held a memorial ceremony for former players Pavol Demitra and Igor Korolev before their 8 November game against the Chicago Blackhawks. The Blues players also wore a special '38' sticker on their helmets, as both players wore that number with the Blues. The St. Louis Blues goaltender, Jaroslav Halak also had his 2011–12 goaltending mask made with a tribute to his fellow Slovakian internationalist Demitra on the backplate.

On 11 September 2011, President Medvedev ordered the grounding of all airlines "which are not adequately able to ensure passengers' safety." A deadline of 15 November 2011, was set to put into place "measures be developed to stop Russian air carriers' activities if they are not able to provide safe flights." Measures to bring aircraft up to international standards were to be sped up and the installation of new radio beacons to the latest COSPAS-SARSAT standard. Fines for violations of the regulations are to be increased.[47] On 21 September 2011, Yak-Service had its operating licence revoked by Rosaviatsiya after an audit of flight operations of the airline and as a result of the crash.[48]

Mario Lemieux joins Evgeni Malkin and Alexander Ovechkin for the ceremonial puck drop before 13 October 2011 game between the Penguins and Capitals.

The first to commemorate a victim of the tragedy was Slovak Ice Hockey Federation, which, on 9 September announced that the jersey number 38 would be retired from the national team in memory of Pavol Demitra, who recently retired from the national team in May on home ice, at the World Championship Slovakia hosted for the first time and who would be the in memoriam inductee of the 2012 Class of Slovak Hockey Hall of Fame. Furthermore, it was announced that Team Slovakia would have a minor number 38 sawn into the jerseys up until 2012 World Championship.[49] Demitra was further honoured by a public ceremony at a hockey stadium in Trenčín, which bears his name since late 2011 (Pavol Demitra Ice Stadium) along with an elementary school attended in Dubnica nad Váhom. Thanks to Demitra's popularity spontaneous gatherings also took place across Slovakia, by hockey stadiums, in his memory.

On 28 September 2011, the German Ice Hockey Federation announced that it would retire the No. 20 jersey of Robert Dietrich in Team Germany.[50] 13 October 2011 game between the Pittsburgh Penguins and Washington Capitals, which featured Russian ice hockey players Alexander Ovechkin and Evgeni Malkin, was dedicated to Lokomotiv Yaroslavl. The teams wore commemorative Lokomotiv patches. All jerseys were autographed by the players and auctioned to raise funds for the families of those who died in the crash.[51] On 12 March 2012, the Latvian Ice Hockey Federation announced that it would retire the No. 7 jersey of Kārlis Skrastiņš from Team Latvia.[52] On 24 March 2012, the Dallas Stars (for whom Skrastiņš had played prior to signing with Lokomotiv) held a pre-game ceremony with Skrastiņš' family and announced a trust fund for Skrastiņš' children.[53] Similarly, Czech Ice Hockey Association decided to retire Czech Republic men's national ice hockey team jersey numbers in honor of its three late players. No. 4 of Karel Rachunek, No. 15 of Jan Marek, and No. 63 of Josef Vasicek have since been taken out of circulation.

Investigation

The Interstate Aviation Committee (MAK), in accordance with Russian legislation, opened an investigation into the circumstances and causes of the accident.[15] Russian aviation authorities suspended all flights with the aircraft type after the accident pending checks of other existing aircraft of the same type.[54]

The flight recorders were recovered on 8 September 2011, according to Russian Minister of Transport Igor Levitin, and sent to Moscow for examination.[55] The fuel supply used to refuel the aircraft was quarantined, and samples taken for analysis to determine if substandard fuel was used.[56] The Investigative Committee commented that pilot error and mechanical malfunction were considered the two most likely causes for the crash.[56] The pilots were experienced; the captain had 6,900 hours of flight experience, 1,500 on Yak-42s; and the first officer had 15,000 hours' experience, although only 420 were on the Yak-42, according to Okulov.[56]

Conflicting opinions were given on the ability of the Yak-42 to take off with fewer than three engines operating. According to a report quoting the Federal Air Transport Agency, the aircraft can fly and land on two engines, but cannot take off with one engine not operating.[57] According to Shavkat Umarov, head of the Tatar branch of Rosaviatsiya in Kazan, the Yak-42 can take off using two engines.[58]

According to the Technical Commission of the MAK, preliminary analysis of the flight recorders indicated that the aircraft's trimmable horizontal stabilizer was set to 8.7 degrees "nose up" and its wing flaps were in the take-off position of 20 degrees. The engines were functioning until "collision with obstacles."[59] According to Russia's aviation authority, the flight recorders gave no indication of sub-standard fuel.[40] An analysis of the fuel in the fuel tanks at Tunoshna Airport showed that it met requirements for aviation fuel.[60] After the crash, the airport ordered that no aircraft were to refuel there during the investigation.[60]

The Technical Commission of the MAK released further findings on 12 September 2011. Among the findings:

The committee referred the study of the flight recorders and operational data to other research centers. The Technical Commission established contacts with the investigation authorities of the countries whose citizen were on board: Czech Republic, Germany, Slovakia, Sweden, Latvia and Canada.[59]

On 14 September 2011, a report in the newspaper Moskovsky Komsomolets, quoting a source in the aviation industry, claimed that the parking brake of the aircraft was on during the take-off, which significantly slowed it down and prevented it from accelerating properly.[61] According to this theory, the captain had turned over control to the co-pilot before take-off, as he was not feeling well. As it is the captain's duty to release the brake, the co-pilot may not have been aware that it had not been done, or had forgotten to do so.[62] Another newspaper, Lifenews.ru, reported that investigators were investigating the pilots' professional history, and that the pilots did not have sufficient experience on the Yak-42.[62]

On 15 September 2011, a report by RT stated that it was now believed that there was no evidence to show that the parking brake was engaged during the take off roll.[63] RIA Novosti reported that Deputy Minister Okulov and Federal Air Transport Agency head Alexander Neradko both dismissed the theory in discussions with reporters at a press conference on 14 September 2011.[64] The theory was also discounted by Konstantin Malinin, a former test pilot of the Yak-42, who noted that an engaged parking brake would have left skid marks and pieces of rubber on the runway, and there were none found.[65]

Two simulations of the crash were planned to help determine the cause. A "virtual" simulation used flight simulators. The data from the crashed Yak-42's flight recorders was loaded into a simulator, which then reconstructed the crash. A "live" simulation attempted to duplicate conditions of the crash, using a similar Yak-42, which launched from Zhukovsky Airfield. The Gromov Flight Research Institute conducted the tests. The Institute previously assisted the IAC in the investigation of the crash in 2010 that killed the president of Poland, Lech Kaczyński.[66]

On 17 September 2011, the MAK released further information about its investigation. It found the aircraft had started its takeoff with approximately 2,700 metres (8,900 ft) of usable runway length from its starting position. The aircraft started down the runway with engines at nominal thrust, with takeoff thrust not being applied until six seconds later. Despite the increase of thrust the aircraft did not accelerate as expected. The committee report speculated that this could have been due to some braking force, and the committee stated it would send the braking system components to a "specialized institution" for a special examination. The aircraft reached a maximum speed of 230 km/h (140 mph). It did not lift off the ground until some 400 metres (1,300 ft) after the end of the runway but at no point did it rise more than 5–6 metres (16–20 ft) off the ground. It then hit the airport beacon, deflected to the left and impacted the ground. The flaps and slats were in takeoff position, spoilers retracted, and the stabilizer set in a ten-degree position. The elevator controls were still connected.[67]

On 19 September 2011, news channel Rossiya 24 published the last minute of dialog between the flight crew, from the voice recorder:[68]

Captain: 74, 76.
Flight engineer: 74, 76.
Captain: Time, headlights. We are taking off, top speed 190.
Captain: Three, four, five, nominal [engine thrust].
Flight engineer: Nominal [thrust] on.
Flight engineer: Speed is increasing. [Flight] parameters [are] normal. 130, 150, 170, 190, 210.
Captain: [Switch to] takeoff [thrust].
Flight engineer: 220, 230.
Co-pilot: Maybe [it's] the stabilizer.
Captain: Takeoff, takeoff [thrust]! Stabilizer!
Co-pilot: What are you doing?
Captain: Takeoff [thrust]!
Flight engineer: Takeoff [thrust] on.
Captain: /cursing/.
Co-pilot: Andrey!

According to test pilot Anatoly Knishov, in an interview with Komsomolskaya Pravda, top speed 190 represents a decision point where, if failures occur before that speed, the aircraft is able to stop on the runway. At 210, the captain switched the engines to "takeoff mode" from "regular flight mode" or "nominal mode".[68] According to Knishov, a nominal thrust/power mode is used for an empty aircraft, while all loaded aircraft use a takeoff mode. In his opinion, the switch-over from a nominal- to takeoff mode was late and unusual, as engine mode for taking off is normally agreed upon before starting a take-off run.[69]

Life News reported on 20 September 2011 the opinion of test pilot Magomed Tolboev. According to Tolboev, the cause of the disaster might have been a disagreement between the aircraft commander and the copilot. From examining a 100-metre (330 ft)-long skid mark on the runway, Tolboev suggested that one of them tried to brake, while the other was trying to take off. Tolboev also considered the Yak-42 not as advanced in its build and materials as modern Western models, heavier and less fuel-efficient, but still a "reliable vehicle" with "best rigidity".[70]

On Wednesday 21 September 2011, Rosaviatsiya formally revoked the operating license of Yak-Service as the result of the ongoing investigation.[48]

On Friday 23 September 2011, Kyiv Post reported that the only survivor[71] of the crash, flight engineer Sizov, was questioned by the investigative committee on 22 September 2011. According to Sizov, no problems were noted in the preparation for the flight, and the aircraft had no problems during its previous flight. Sizov also described the distribution of the passengers and luggage on the aircraft: Lokomotiv's coaches were in the front cabin; the players were in the rear cabin; and the luggage was carried in the rear luggage compartment. Kyiv Post also reported that a criminal investigation under Article 263 of the Criminal Code (flight safety violations causing two or more deaths) had commenced.[72]

On 10 October 2011, the Gromov Institute began its series of test flights. The simulations applied braking forces at different stages of the takeoff to determine what effects, if any, the forces affected the ability of the aircraft to reach a take-off angle and speed. The first flight created a baseline takeoff, without any braking force applied.[73]

Simulation testing determined that pilot error was the cause as a braking force was found to have been applied by the chief pilot during takeoff. Using data from the flight recorder, it was determined the movement was only possible by pushing down on the brake pedals from the chief pilot's seat to push upwards on the control column.[8] The investigating committee found evidence of the braking failure in the braking system.[74]

The committee released its final report on 2 November 2011. The committee found several problems that led to the crash. The first was that Yak-Service "did not properly control the quality of mastering the aircraft", finding that the crew did not train long enough on the Yak-42. The second was that the crew "did not calculate the takeoff parameters", changing the takeoff thrust during takeoff. While it was not determined which pilot applied the brakes, it was determined that one applied acceleration at the same time as the other applied braking. The co-pilot was found to have a banned drug phenobarbital in his system.[75]

Federal investigators revealed in September 2012, that the pilot and co-pilot had falsified documents stating that they had undergone the necessary training for the Yak-42. Vadim Timofeyev, deputy head of airline Yak-Service, was charged with breaching air safety rules.[10]

List of passengers and crew

Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and Turkish President Abdullah Gül laying flowers outside Arena-2000 in Yaroslavl on 8 September.
Tributes left by Slovak fans near Ondrej Nepela Arena in Bratislava on 9 September.

According to the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the aircraft manifest listed 8 crew members and 37 passengers as being on board. The only occupants found alive were team player Alexander Galimov and crew member Alexander Sizov.[76] All 43 bodies were recovered from the scene.[56]

According to eyewitnesses, both Galimov and Sizov were severely burned, but both were conscious when rescued at the scene.[56] Both Galimov and Sizov were transported to Moscow for treatment.[57] The two were placed in medically induced comas to relieve stress; however, Galimov died on 12 September at the Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery.[77] Sizov was moved from intensive care to a ward on 12 September, and his life was considered to be out of danger.[78] He was discharged from the hospital on 28 October, expecting to return to aviation but perhaps not to fly.[79]

Hockey players who died

Player Age Country Position
Vitaly Anikeyenko 24 Russia[A][80] D
Mikhail Balandin 31 Russia D
Gennady Churilov 24 Russia C
Pavol Demitra 36 Slovakia C
Robert Dietrich 25 Germany D
Alexander Galimov[81][82] 26 Russia LW
Marat Kalimulin 23 Russia D
Alexander Kalyanin 23 Russia RW
Andrei Kiryukhin 24 Russia RW
Nikita Klyukin 21 Russia C
Stefan Liv 30 Sweden G
Jan Marek 31 Czech Republic C
Sergei Ostapchuk 21 Belarus LW
Karel Rachůnek 32 Czech Republic D
Ruslan Salei[83] 36 Belarus D
Maxim Shuvalov 18 Russia D
Kārlis Skrastiņš[84] 37 Latvia D
Pavel Snurnitsyn 19 Russia F
Daniil Sobchenko 20 Russia[A][80] C
Ivan Tkachenko 31 Russia LW
Pavel Trakhanov 33 Russia D
Yuri Urychev 20 Russia D
Josef Vašíček 30 Czech Republic C
Alexander Vasyunov[85] 23 Russia LW
Alexander Vyukhin 38 Ukraine[A][80] G
Artem Yarchuk 21 Russia LW
Notes

Team staff

Name Age Country Title
Yuri Bakhvalov 47 Russia Video Coach
Aleksandr Belyaev 48 Russia Equipment Manager/Massage Therapist
Alexander Karpovtsev 41 Russia Assistant Coach
Igor Korolev[A] 41 Russia/Canada Assistant Coach
Nikolai Krivonosov 31 Belarus Fitness Trainer
Yevgeni Kunnov – Russia Massage Therapist
Vyacheslav Kuznetsov – Russia Massage Therapist
Brad McCrimmon 52 Canada Head Coach
Vladimir Piskunov 52 Russia Administrator
Yevgeni Sidorov – Russia Coach-Analyst
Andrei Zimin – Russia Team Doctor
Notes

In 2013, the Canadian documentary series Mayday (also known as Air Disasters, Air Emergency and Air Crash Investigation) aired an episode in Season 12, titled "Lokomotiv Hockey Team Disaster", which documents the crash.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Крушение самолета Як-42 в Ярославской области (in Russian). Ministry of Emergency Situations. 7 September 2011. Archived from the original on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  2. ↑ "Full list of people on board of crashed Yak-42". Russia Today. 7 September 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  3. ↑ "Top KHL squad killed in passenger plane crash in Russia – RT". Rt.com. 7 September 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  4. 1 2 3 "Russian ice hockey team wiped out in plane crash". Yaroslavl: RIA Novosti. 7 September 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  5. ↑ Grigory Sysoey (10 September 2011). "Russia's Lokomotiv ice hockey team to miss season after air disaster". RIA Novosti. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  6. ↑ На совещании в Кремле решили: "Локомотив" с декабря начнёт играть в ВХЛ (in Russian). Sovetsky Sport. 12 September 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  7. ↑ "KHL's new Lokomotiv won't play this season". Red Light. 12 September 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  8. 1 2 "Experts find human factor behind Lokomotiv tragedy". RT. 19 October 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
  9. ↑ "Probe Finds Pilot Error in Russian Hockey Team Plane Crash". Radio Free Europe. 2 November 2011. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
  10. 1 2 Reuters (6 September 2012). "Lokomotiv crash pilots flew illegally". Belleville Intelligencer.
  11. ↑ "Яковлев Як-42Д Бортовой №: RA-42434" (in Russian). russianplanes.net. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  12. ↑ Разбившийся Як-42 израсходовал 40% летного ресурса, сообщили эксперты (in Russian). Moscow: RIA Novosti. 7 September 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  13. ↑ "Russian investigators probe KHL jet crash". CBC News. 8 September 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  14. ↑ Дмитрий Медведев почтил память погибших в авиакатастрофе под Ярославлем (in Russian). Presidential Administration of Russia. 8 September 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Як-42 RA-42433 07.09.2011" (in Russian). Interstate Aviation Committee. 7 September 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  16. 1 2 Kaminiski, David (8 September 2011). "Yak-42 failed to gain height and hit the beacon: ministry". FlightGlobal. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  17. ↑ Нелетная страна. Rosbalt (in Russian). 8 September 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  18. ↑ "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  19. ↑ Maloveryan, Yuri (7 September 2011). "Russia's Lokomotiv ice hockey team in air disaster". BBC News. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  20. 1 2 Hradecky, Simon (12 September 2011). "Crash: Yak Service YK42 at Yaroslavl on Sep 7th 2011, failed to climb on takeoff". The Aviation Herald. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  21. ↑ "Poor-quality fuel emerges as possible cause in fatal Russian jet crash". The Globe and Mail. 8 September 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  22. ↑ Выживший бортинженер пытался спасти пилота. NTV (in Russian). 8 September 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  23. ↑ "Last second Yak-42 were recorded on video". NTV (in Russian). 8 September 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  24. 1 2 Earle, Jonathan (9 September 2011). "News Feed: Lokomotiv Yaroslavl Plane Crash". Moscow Times. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  25. ↑ "Commission Regulation (EC) No 1144/2009 of November 26, 2009 amending Regulation (EC) No 474/2006 establishing the Community list of air carriers which are subject to an operating ban within the Community". Eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  26. ↑ Kaminiski, David (9 September 2011). "Yak Service had come under EU safety scrutiny". FlightGlobal. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  27. ↑ "KHL President Alexander Medvedev says Lokomotiv Yaroslavl tragedy will bolster ties with NHL". Washington Post. Associated Press. 13 September 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
  28. ↑ "Tragic KHL plane crash impacts Detroit's Babcock". NHL. 7 September 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
  29. ↑ Morreale, Mark (7 September 2011). "Skrastins set then-ironman mark for NHL defensemen". NHL. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
  30. ↑ Dupont, Kevin Paul (8 September 2011). "McCrimmon among plane crash fatalities". Boston Globe. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
  31. ↑ "Lokomotiv Yaroslavl ice hockey team killed in a plane crash". Presidential Administration of Russia. 7 September 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  32. ↑ "Medvedev lays flowers at Yaroslavl crash site". Tunoshna: RIA Novosti. 8 September 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  33. ↑ "Yaroslavl plane tragedy". Kontinental Hockey League. 7 September 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  34. ↑ Ladyman, Ian (8 September 2011). "Manchester United reach out to Russia after plane crash kills 36 players of top ice hockey team". Mail Online. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  35. ↑ Wyshynski, Greg (8 September 2011). "Plane crash kills 'majority' of KHL team Lokomotiv – Puck Daddy – NHL Blog – Yahoo! Sports". Sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  36. ↑ "KHL season opener stunned by Yaroslavl tragedy". RT. 7 September 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  37. ↑ "Minsk arena pays tribute to late Yaroslavl team". RT. 8 September 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  38. ↑ "Silent start for postponed KHL season". RT. 13 September 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  39. ↑ Nabokov, Yashin stunned by tragedy in Russia – New York Islanders official website.
  40. 1 2 Japradize, Misha (10 September 2011). "Heartbreak in Russia as thousands mourn victims". Associated Press. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  41. ↑ Associated Press (10 September 2011). "Russian plane crash memorial draws 100,000". CBC.ca. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  42. ↑ Lysenkov, Pavel. "@plysenkov". sports writer and NHL editor for Sovietsky Sport. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  43. ↑ "Fin minnesstund för Liv" (in Swedish). Hockeykanalen. 10 September 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  44. ↑ Sebastian Mattsson (12 September 2011). "Galimov död – avled efter skadorna" (in Swedish). Expressen. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  45. ↑ Hunt, Steve (13 September 2011). "Stars to honor Skrastins with helmet decal". NHL. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  46. ↑ Williams, Terrell (15 September 2011). "Canes to Honor Vasicek with Patch on Sweaters" (Press release). Carolina Hurricanes. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  47. ↑ "Plane crash tragedy to change Russian skies". RT. 11 September 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  48. 1 2 Sobol, Ekaterina; Pirigov, Ivan (21 September 2011). Авиакомпания "Як-Сервис" лишилась лицензии (in Russian). Kommersant. Archived from the original on 23 September 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  49. ↑ http://sport.sme.sk/c/6048319/dres-s-cislom-38-uz-neoblecie-ziadny-slovensky-hokejista.html
  50. ↑ "Team Germany honors Yaroslavl victim Dietrich". Taiwan News. Associated Press. 28 September 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
  51. ↑ "Caps & Pens dedicate clash to Lokomotiv Yaroslavl". RT. 4 October 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
  52. ↑ "LHF iemūžinās Skrastiņa 7.numuru izlasē". Diena.lv. 12 March 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
  53. ↑ Hunt, Steve (24 March 2012). "Stars honor Skrastins in pre-game ceremony". NHL. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  54. ↑ "Yak-42 flights suspended after fatal Yaroslavl crash. 07/09/11". Flight Global. 8 September 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  55. ↑ "The wreckage of Yak-42 pick up from the bottom of the Volga". Rosbalt (in Russian). 8 September 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  56. 1 2 3 4 5 "Medvedev Orders Airline Overhaul After Lokomotiv Yaroslavl Tragedy". Moscow Times. 9 September 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  57. 1 2 "Yaroslavl crash survivors to be flown to Moscow". Voice of Russia. 8 September 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  58. ↑ ""Something unusual happened" when Yak-42 took off in Yaroslavl Oblast: expert". Focus Information Agency. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  59. 1 2 "Yak-42" (in Russian). Interstate Aviation Committee. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  60. 1 2 Разбившийся Як-42 был заправлен качественным топливом. Новые Известия (New News) (in Russian). 10 September 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  61. ↑ Следствие установило, что Як-42 под Ярославлем рухнул из-за "ошибки блондинки", утверждает "МК" (in Russian). 14 September 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  62. 1 2 "Doomed pilots may have had brake on at takeoff". RT. 14 September 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  63. ↑ "Officials rule out 'emergency brake' theory of Yak-42 crash". Russia Today. 15 September 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  64. ↑ Крушение Як-42 произошло не из-за стояночного тормоза, заявил Минтранс. RIA Novosti (in Russian). 14 September 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  65. ↑ Причиной крушения Як-42 не мог стать стояночный тормоз, считает летчик. RIA Novosti (in Russian). 15 September 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  66. ↑ "Yak-42 crash to be simulated, live and virtually". RT. 16 September 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  67. ↑ "Як-42 RA-42433 07.09.2011" (in Russian). Interstate Aviation Committee. 17 September 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  68. 1 2 "Did pilots' misunderstanding turn fatal for Yak-42?". RT. 19 September 2011. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
  69. ↑ Jones, Tom (20 September 2011). "Transcript reveals new details of Lokomotiv Yaroslavl crash". Czech Position. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  70. ↑ Mogutin, Nikita (20 September 2011). Эксперт: Як-42 рухнул из-за конфликта пилотов. Life News (in Russian). Lifenews.ru. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  71. ↑ Jones, Tom (20 September 2011). "Sole survivor of plane crash details". Planecrashes.org. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
  72. ↑ Interfax Ukraine (23 September 2011). "Flight engineer from plane that crashed near Yaroslavl questioned". Kyiv Post. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  73. ↑ "Yak42D Investigation (section 10/10/11)" (in Russian). MAK. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
  74. ↑ "Yak-42" (in Russian). MAK. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
  75. ↑ "Pilot error blamed for plane crash". ESPN. 2 November 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  76. ↑ СПИСОК экипажа и пассажиров, находившихся на борту воздушного судна Як-42 (Press release) (in Russian). Ministry of Emergency Situations. 7 September 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  77. ↑ Хоккеист «Локомотива» Галимов скончался в больнице. Interfax (in Russian). 12 September 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
  78. ↑ "Russian ice-hockey plane crash survivor dies". RIA Novosti. 12 September 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  79. ↑ "Only survivor of Russia ice hockey plane crash released from hospital | Russia | RIA Novosti". En.rian.ru. 28 October 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
  80. 1 2 3 4 Посольство Украины подтвердило гибель трех украинцев в крушении Як-42 (in Russian). Moscow: RIA Novosti. 7 September 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  81. ↑ Названа причина крушения Як-42 в Ярославле (in Russian). Rambler Media Group. 7 September 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  82. ↑ Врачи опровергли сообщение о смерти хоккеиста Галимова. Gazeta.ru (in Russian). 7 September 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  83. ↑ Dave Waddell (7 September 2011). "Former Red Wings McCrimmon and Salei killed in Russian plane crash". Windsor Star. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  84. ↑ Lynn Berry (7 September 2011). "Russian jet crash kills 43, many top hockey stars". Forbes. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  85. ↑ Gulitti, Tom (7 September 2011). "Devils' prospect among those killed in Russian hockey team plane crash". northjersey.com. Archived from the original on 17 November 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  86. 1 2 Хоккеист Урычев не должен был лететь с "Локомотивом" в Минск (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 8 September 2011.
  87. ↑ Feschuk, Dave (8 September 2011). "Ex-Leaf Korolev was devoted to family". Toronto Star. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
  88. ↑ "Feschuk: Last-minute decision to stay spared coach's life". thestar.com. 8 September 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
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