Logan International Airport

General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport
Aerial view of Logan International Airport, before runway 14/32 was built
IATA: BOS ICAO: KBOS FAA LID: BOS WMO: 72509
Summary
Airport type	Public
Owner	Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport)
Serves	Boston
Location	East Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Hub for	Cape Air Delta Air Lines[1] PenAir
Focus city for	Azores Airlines JetBlue Airways[2]
Elevation AMSL	20 ft / 6 m
Coordinates	42°21′47″N 071°00′23″W / 42.36306°N 71.00639°W / 42.36306; -71.00639Coordinates: 42°21′47″N 071°00′23″W / 42.36306°N 71.00639°W / 42.36306; -71.00639
Website	www.massport.com/logan-airport/
Maps
FAA airport diagram
BOS Show map of Massachusetts BOS Show map of the US Location within Massachusetts / United States
Runways
Direction Length Surface ft m 4L/22R 7,861 2,396 Asphalt 4R/22L 10,005 3,050 Asphalt 9/27 7,000 2,134 Asphalt 14/32 5,000 1,524 Asphalt 15L/33R 2,557 779 Asphalt 15R/33L 10,083 3,073 Asphalt
Statistics (2016)
Aircraft operations 391,222[3] Passengers 36,288,042[3]
Source: FAA,[4] Massport.[5]

Logan International Airport^[6][7] (IATA: BOS, ICAO: KBOS, FAA LID: BOS), officially known as General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport, is an international airport located in the East Boston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States (and partly in the town of Winthrop, Massachusetts). It covers 2,384 acres (965 ha), has six runways and four passenger terminals, and employs an estimated 16,000 people. It is the largest airport in the New England region and 17th-busiest airport in the United States, with 33.5 million total passengers in 2015.^[8] It is named after General Edward Lawrence Logan. In 2016, Massport reported an 8.5% increase in passenger traffic comparing 2015 to 2016, giving the airport a total of about 36.3 million passengers.^[9]

The airport serves as a focus city for JetBlue,^[2] which carries out the largest operations from Logan International Airport. The regional airline Cape Air and commuter airline PenAir all carry out hub operations from Boston. American Airlines also carries out many operations from the airport. All of the major U.S. air carriers offer flights from Boston to all or the majority of their primary and secondary hubs. It is also a destination of many major European airlines. Logan Airport has previously served as a hub for Air New England, Provincetown-Boston Airlines, American Eagle, Braniff International Airways,^[10] and Northeast Airlines, as well as a focus city for AirTran Airways, American Airlines, Continental Airlines, Continental Connection, Pan American World Airways, Trans World Airlines, and US Airways.

The airport has frequent service to destinations throughout North America (including the United States, Canada and Mexico), Latin America, the Caribbean, the North Atlantic region (including Bermuda and the Azores), the Middle East, Europe, and Asia.^[11] Recently, Logan has seen rapid growth in international traffic, with new routes added by airlines such as Aeromexico, Air Berlin, Air Europa, Avianca, Cathay Pacific, Copa Airlines, El Al, Emirates, Hainan Airlines, Japan Airlines, Norwegian Air Shuttle, Primera Air, Qatar Airways, Scandinavian Airlines, TAP Portugal, Thomas Cook Airlines, Turkish Airlines, WestJet Encore, and WOW air as well as increased traffic on previously existing routes to Canada, Europe, Asia and the Middle East. This has turned Boston Logan into one of America's fastest growing airports.

History

Origins (1923–1943)

Logan Airport opened on September 8, 1923, and was used mainly by the Massachusetts Air Guard and the Army Air Corps. It was then called Jeffery Field. The first scheduled commercial passenger flights were on Colonial Air Transport between Boston and New York City in 1927.^[12] On January 1, 1936, the airport's weather station became the official point for Boston's weather observations and records by the National Weather Service.^[13]

Domestic Expansion (1943–1970)

Until around 1950 the airline terminal was at 42.367N 71.0275W; on the 1946 topo map the airfield extended less than 5,000 ft east from there (the east end of the field was at 42.361N 71.012W NAD83). During the 1940s the airport added 1,800 acres (730 ha) of landfill in Boston Harbor, taken from the former Governors, Noddle's and Apple Islands. In 1943 the state renamed the airport after Lt. General Edward Lawrence Logan, a Spanish–American War officer from South Boston.^[12][14] In 1952, Logan Airport became the first in the United States with an indirect rapid transit connection, with the opening of the Airport station on the Blue Line.

The March 1947 diagram shows 7,000 ft (2,100 m) runway 4 (future 4L) in use, with runways 9 and 33 under construction; a different runway 33 ran 6,700 ft (2,000 m) northwestward from the present intersection of 4R and 9, and runway 25 ran 4,000 ft (1,200 m) southwest from the present intersection of 4L and 33. The December 1950 diagram shows a layout similar to the current one: 7,000 ft (2,100 m) runway 4L, 10,000-ft 4R, 7,000-ft 9 and 7,650-ft 33.

The April 1957 Official Airline Guide shows 49 weekday departures on American, 31 Eastern, 25 Northeast, 8 United, 7 TWA domestic, 6 National, 6 Mohawk, 2 TCA and one Provincetown-Boston. In addition TWA had nine departures a week to or from the Atlantic, Pan Am had 18, Air France 8, BOAC 4 and LAI 4.^[15]

Introduction of the Jumbo Jet and Initial International Expansion (1970–2006)

The jumbo jet era began at Logan in summer 1970 when Pan Am started daily Boeing 747s to London Heathrow Airport. Currently, the Boeing 747-400 is scheduled on flights to Boston by British Airways^[16] and Lufthansa. Lufthansa also operates the Boeing 747-8i on one of its daily nonstop flights to Frankfurt.^[17]

When Terminal E opened in 1974 it was the second largest international arrivals facility in the United States.^[18] Between 1974 and 2015, the number of international travelers at Logan has tripled. International long-haul travel has been the fastest growing market sector at the airport. Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport) undertook the "Logan Modernization Project" from 1994 to 2006: a new parking garage, a new hotel, moving walkways, terminal expansions and improvements, and two-tiered roadways to separate arrival and departure traffic.^[12]

Massport's relationship with nearby communities has been strained since the mid-1960s,^[19] when the agency took control of a parcel of residential land and popular fishing area near the northwest side of the airfield. This project was undertaken to extend Runway 15R/33L, which later became Logan's longest runway.^[20] Residents of the neighborhood, known as Wood Island, were bought out of their homes and forced to relocate. Public opposition came to a head when residents lay down in the streets to block bulldozers and supply trucks from reaching the construction zone.^[21]

Expansion of Terminal E and Runway Additions (2006–present)

Runway 14/32 opened on November 23, 2006, Logan's first major runway addition in more than forty years. It was proposed in 1973 but was delayed in the courts.^[22] According to Massport records, the very first aircraft to use the new airstrip was a Continental Express ERJ-145 regional jet landing on Runway 32, on the morning of December 2, 2006.

In April 2007 the FAA approved construction of a center field taxiway long-sought by Massport. The 9,300-foot (2,830 m) taxiway is between, and parallel to, Runways 4R/22L and 4L/22R. News of the project angered neighboring residents.^[23] In 2009 the taxiway opened ahead of schedule and under budget.^[24] To ensure the taxiway is not mistaken for a runway, "TAXI" is written in large yellow letters at each end.

A scene from the 2006 film The Departed was filmed at Logan, inside the connector bridge between Terminal E and the Central Parking Garage. Terminal C and several United Airlines and Northwest Airlines aircraft can be seen in the background. Parts of the Delta Air Lines 2007 "Anthem" commercial were filmed in Terminal A as well as the connector bridge between Terminal A and Central Parking.

In October 2009 US Airways announced it would close its Boston crew base in May 2010. The airline cited an "operations realignment" as the reason.^[25] Over 400 employees were transferred or terminated.^[26]

After starting service to Logan in 2004, JetBlue Airways was a major operator at Logan Airport by 2008 and its largest carrier by 2011, with flights to cities throughout North America and the Caribbean.^[27] The airline has plans to expand to 150+ flights by the end of 2015.^[28]

The Airbus A380 first landed at Logan International Airport for compatibility checks on February 8, 2010. On March 26, 2017, British Airways began flying the A380 to Logan, operating the aircraft three times per week. ^[29]

Facilities and infrastructure

Located partly in East Boston and partly in the Town of Winthrop, on Boston Harbor,^[30] Logan International Airport covers an area of 2,384 acres (965 ha) which contains six runways:^[4]

• Runway 4L/22R: 7,861 × 150 ft (2,396 × 46 m), Surface: Asphalt
• Runway 4R/22L: 10,005 × 150 ft (3,050 × 46 m), Surface: Asphalt
• Runway 9/27: 7,000 × 150 ft (2,134 × 46 m), Surface: Asphalt
• Runway 14/32: 5,000 × 100 ft (1,524 × 30 m), Surface: Asphalt
• Runway 15L/33R: 2,557 × 100 ft (779 × 30 m), Surface: Asphalt
• Runway 15R/33L: 10,083 × 150 ft (3,073 × 46 m), Surface: Asphalt

ILS is available for runways 4R, 15R, 22L, 27, and 33L, with runways 4R and 33L are certified for CAT III Instrument Landing operations. The other runways with ILS are certified for CAT I Instrument Landing operations.^[31] EMAS pads are located at the starting thresholds of runways 22R and 33L.^[32]

The distinctive central control tower, nearly a dozen stories high, is a local landmark with its pair of segmented elliptical pylons and a six-story platform trussed between them.

Logan Airport has two cargo facilities: North Cargo is adjacent to Terminal E and South Cargo adjacent to Terminals A and B.^[32] North Cargo is also the location of several maintenance hangars, including those operated by American Airlines, Delta Air Lines and JetBlue.

Runway 14/32

Runway 14/32, which officially opened to air traffic on November 23, 2006, is unidirectional. Runway 32 is used for landings and 14 is used for takeoffs. Massport is barred by a court order from using the runway for overland landings or takeoffs, except in emergencies.^[33]

There was fierce opposition towards the construction of 14/32 among communities adjacent to the northwest side of the airport, such as Chelsea and East Boston, as authorities acknowledged that these areas would likely see an increase in noise levels. Residents of Winthrop and Revere also joined in opposition, even though Massport had promised that the new traffic patterns allowed by 14/32 would reduce overflights of those areas.

Since the opening of the new runway, there has been disagreement about when, and how often, the new runway should be operational. Residents have demanded a minimum of 11.5-knot (21.3 km/h) northwest winds, slightly higher than the 10-knot (19 km/h) threshold favored by Massport.

The new runway reduces the need for the existing Runway 15L/33R, which, at only 2,557 feet (779 m) is among the shortest hard-surface runways at major airports in the United States. In 1988, Massport had proposed an 800-foot (240 m) extension to this airstrip (a project which would have required additional filling-in of land along a clam bed), but was thwarted by a court injunction.^[34]

Boston's Hyatt Harborside Hotel, which sits only a few hundred yards from the runway threshold, was built primarily to prevent Massport from ever extending the length of 14/32 or using it for takeoffs or landings over the city. Massachusetts state legislators carefully chose the location of the hotel—directly in the runway centerline—prior to its construction in 1992.^[35]

FBOs

The airport is served by several Fixed-Base Operators (FBO), which handle fueling, ground handling, aircraft cleaning, cargo service and aircraft maintenance. They include Swissport USA and Ground Service International. General aviation, which is adjacent to the North Cargo area, is handled by Signature Flight Support.^[36]

Public safety

Police services are provided by the Massachusetts State Police Troop F. Fire protection is the responsibility of the Massport Fire Rescue.^[37] Even though the airport is within city limits, by Massachusetts state law municipal police such as the Boston Police Department do not have jurisdiction on Massport property.^[38]

A 250-foot security zone, established in 2002, surrounds the waters around the airport which are marked by 29 buoys indicating the restricted area. The area is patrolled by the Massachusetts State Police, the Boston Police Department, the Massachusetts Environmental Police, the United States Coast Guard and the Boston and Winthrop Harbormasters. Anyone who enters the zone for non-emergency purposes is subject to prosecution and is entered into a State Police database that tracks offenders.^[39][40]

Terminals

Logan International Airport has 102 gate positions total,^[41] divided among four terminals, A, B, C and E. All terminals are connected by pre-security shuttle buses and by the SL1 branch of the MBTA Silver Line BRT, as well as between Terminals A, B and E via pre-security moving walkways.^[42] Moving walkways also connect the terminals to a central parking garage designed for consolidated service between all four terminals and the garage itself.^[43] Massport ultimately plans to connect all terminals and gates post-security, thereby allowing for seamless connections between flights from different terminals. The concession program at the airport is developed, leased and managed by AirMall USA (formerly BAA USA) in Terminals B and E and Westfield Concession Management Inc. in Terminals A and C.

Terminal A

Terminal A, which replaced a 1970s-era building designed by Minoru Yamasaki once occupied by the now-defunct Eastern Air Lines,^[44] opened to passengers on March 16, 2005. The terminal, designed by Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum,^[45] is divided into a main terminal (housing gates A1–A11) and a satellite building (housing gates A13–A22). The main terminal and the satellite building are connected through an underground walkway.^[46] The new redesigned Terminal A was developed under a special facility lease between Massachusetts Port Authority and Delta Airlines. The lease was signed on August 16, 2001 and development began. On September 14, 2005, six months after opening, Delta filed for bankruptcy and thus had to reduce the number of gates it leased in Terminal A.^[47] Terminal A features two Delta Sky Clubs. One is located on the third floor of the satellite building, and a newer one opened at the site of the old Continental Airlines Presidents Club in the main terminal building.^[48]

The building is the first airport terminal in the United States to be LEED certified for environmentally friendly design by the U.S. Green Building Council. Among the building's features are heat-reflecting roof and windows, low-flow faucets and waterless urinals, self-dimming lights and storm water filtration.^[34]

Southwest Airlines moved to the terminal from Terminal E in April 2015 utilizing gates A18–A22 in the satellite portion of the terminal.^[49]

Terminal B

Terminal B, which was designed by John Carl Warnecke & Associates and Desmond & Lord, Inc., opened in 1974.^[50] Pier B was completed for US Airways in 1974 and Pier A for American Airlines in 1975.^[50] The terminal remained largely unchanged until US Airways expanded its operations at Logan Airport in 1979 and improvements designed by HNTB were constructed in 1980.^[50] From 1980 until 2000, numerous small projects including passenger seating area improvements, concessions expansions and passenger lounges were completed at both piers.^[50][51] American's facilities were renovated in 1995 and redesigned by Gresham, Smith & Partners,^[51][52] and US Airways' facilities were renovated in 1998 and 2000, and redesigned by URS Corporation with Turner Construction serving as the construction manager.^[51][53]

Until 2014, Terminal B was split into north and south buildings, with a parking garage located between the two buildings. The gates of the south building (primarily occupied by American Airlines and housing an Admirals Club^[54]) are divided into three groups: B1–B3, B4–B14 and B15–B19. Gates B1–B3 are the exclusive use of Air Canada. There is a single security lane for these three gates resulting in short wait times. However, to reach other gates in Terminal B including connections to Air Canada's Star Alliance partner United, it is necessary to leave the secure area and re-enter. Post-security, there is only a grab-and-go restaurant and there is no lounge access. As passengers arriving from Canada are pre-cleared by US Customs and Border Protection, passengers do not need to pass through Terminal E's international arrival facility. Gates B4–14 and B15–B19 are connected by a walkway post-security. The gates of the north building (primarily occupied by American Airlines and United Airlines, both of which operate airline lounges in the terminal^[55]) are divided into two groups: B20–B36 and B37–B38. Gates B20–29 are used by United Airlines while gates B30–B36 serve American Airlines. Gates B37 and B38 are home to Spirit Airlines.^[46]

Between 2012 and 2014, Terminal B underwent a $160 million renovation, which was completed in April 2014. The renovation created a post-security walkway connecting Terminal B North to Terminal B South. The renovation also included 24 new ticket counter spots, eight new departure lounges, new concession space, and a new baggage carousel.^[56] United Airlines, formerly located in Terminals A and C, began operating all flights out of Terminal B starting in April 2014.^[57]

Terminal C

Terminal C opened in 1967 and was designed by Perry, Shaw, Hepburn and Dean.^[58] It was renovated in 1987, 2002 and 2005.^[51] It has four groups of gates: C8-C10, C11–C21, C25–C36 and C40–C42.^[46] The two Terminal C security checkpoints providing access to Gates C11 through C21 on the left and Gates C25 to C36 on the right were replaced by a common checkpoint on July 20, 2011.^[59]

Continuing the renovations of Terminal C, a post-security connection between Terminal C and Terminal E opened in Summer 2016, allowing for seamless connections between the two terminals, part of Massport's plan to ultimately connect all terminals post-security.^[60] Massport has plans to build a post-security connector between gates C8–C36 and C40–C42 which will make all gates accessible through one common security checkpoint.^[61]

The former Terminal D gates (the three gates at the north end of Terminal C) were renumbered and labeled as part of Terminal E (E1C, E1D & E1E) on February 28, 2006. These three gates were used, as part of Terminal E, by Southwest Airlines until their move to Terminal A.^[62] In 2016, following construction of an airside connector between Terminals E and C, these three gates were renumbered again to become the present gates C8-C10 (as part of Terminal C).

The airport's USO Lounge is located in the baggage claim area of Terminal C, lower level. It offers most typical amenities as other markets as major as Greater Boston. Military ID is mandatory.

The terminal is also home to the airport's chapel, Our Lady of the Airways, which is considered the first airport chapel in the United States. The chapel was originally Catholic, but is now non-denominational.^[63][64] The chapel has existed in two incarnations. The chapel opened in 1951.^[65]

The terminal serves JetBlue Airways and its partners Aer Lingus, Cape Air and TAP Portugal; it also serves Alaska Airlines, Sun Country Airlines and Virgin America.

Terminal E

Terminal E, also known as the John A. Volpe International Terminal named after the former Governor of Massachusetts and U.S. Secretary of Transportation,^[12] serves as the international terminal for Logan Airport. The terminal was completed in 1974 and designed by Kubitz & Papi, Inc. and Desmond & Lord, Inc.^[66] Massport completed the "Terminal E Modernization" project in August 1997 which improved the passenger facilities.^[51] The International Gateway Project, designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and DMJM Aviation, added 410,000 square feet to the terminal in 2003 and the entire project was completed in 2008.^[51]

Terminal E has a total of 12 gates numbered E1-E12 which are all in service. Gates E10-E12 were recently reconstructed as part of the terminal E modernization project to accommodate Airbus A380 aircraft. All gates within the terminal are designated as common-use, meaning the gates may be assigned mostly depending on an operational need.^[67] All ticket counters and gates in Terminal E are shared among the international carriers. The terminal houses several airline lounges: Aer Lingus' Gold Circle Lounge,^[68] Air France's Air France Lounge,^[69] British Airways' First Lounge and Terraces Lounge,^[70] Lufthansa's Senator Lounge and Business Lounge^[71] and Virgin Atlantic's Clubhouse Lounge.^[72]

The third level of Terminal E is used for departures, the second for passport control, and the ground level for arrivals and customs.^[67] The Federal Inspection Station located in Terminal E is capable of processing over 2,000 passengers per hour.^[34]

Terminal E underwent a $100 million renovation which started in 2014, it includes a post-security connector between Terminals E and C (opened summer 2016), improved immigration and passport control kiosks, and gates capable of serving the Airbus A380.^[73] The Terminal E expansion was completed in late January 2017.^[60]

Aer Lingus used to fly their departures out of Terminal E, but due to space issues, decided to move to Terminal C, alongside their partner, JetBlue Airways. Aer Lingus uses Terminal C for all operations.

Airlines and destinations

Note: All international arrivals (except pre-cleared flights from Ireland, Canada, and the Caribbean) are handled at Terminal E.

Passenger

Airlines	Destinations
Aer Lingus	Dublin
Aer Lingus operated by ASL Airlines Ireland	Shannon
Aeroméxico	Mexico City
Air Berlin	Düsseldorf
Air Canada	Toronto–Pearson Seasonal: Vancouver[74][75]
Air Canada Express	Halifax, Montréal–Trudeau, Ottawa, Toronto–Pearson
Air Europa	Seasonal: Madrid[76]
Air France	Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Alaska Airlines	Portland (OR), San Diego, Seattle/Tacoma
Alitalia	Rome–Fiumicino
American Airlines	Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Los Angeles, Miami, New York–JFK, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Washington–National Seasonal: Cancún, Montego Bay, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Providenciales, Punta Cana
American Eagle	Harrisburg, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Rochester (NY), Syracuse Seasonal: Charlotte
American Airlines Shuttle	New York–LaGuardia, Washington–National
Apple Vacations operated by Icelandair	Seasonal Charter: Cancún, Punta Cana
Avianca	Bogotá
Azores Airlines	Lisbon, Ponta Delgada, Terceira
British Airways	London–Heathrow
Cape Air	Albany, Augusta (ME), Bar Harbor, Hyannis, Lebanon, Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, Provincetown, Rockland, Rutland, Saranac Lake/Lake Placid
Cathay Pacific	Hong Kong
Copa Airlines	Panama City
Delta Air Lines	Amsterdam, Atlanta, Austin (begins September 10, 2017),[77] Bermuda, Cincinnati, Detroit, Fort Myers, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Miami (begins December 23, 2017),[78] Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York–JFK, Orlando, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, Seattle/Tacoma, Tampa Seasonal: Cancún, Dublin, Fort Lauderdale, Montego Bay, Providenciales, Punta Cana, Raleigh/Durham, St. Thomas, West Palm Beach
Delta Connection	Buffalo (begins September 10, 2017),[77] Charleston (resumes March 3, 2018),[78] Cincinnati, Columbus–Glenn, Indianapolis, Jacksonville (resumes September 10, 2017),[77] Kansas City (resumes September 10, 2017),[77] Milwaukee, Nashville, New York–JFK, Norfolk (resumes September 11, 2017),[77] Pittsburgh (resumes October 1, 2017),[79] Raleigh/Durham, Richmond, Savannah (resumes March 3, 2018)[78] Seasonal: Detroit, Fort Myers,[80] Myrtle Beach, Nassau, New Orleans (resumes February 10, 2018),[78] West Palm Beach
Delta Shuttle	New York–LaGuardia
El Al	Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion
Emirates	Dubai–International
Hainan Airlines	Beijing–Capital, Shanghai–Pudong
Iberia	Seasonal: Madrid
Icelandair	Reykjavík–Keflavík
Japan Airlines	Tokyo–Narita
JetBlue Airways	Aruba, Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Barbados, Bermuda, Buffalo, Cancún, Charleston (SC), Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, Cleveland, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Detroit, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Houston–Hobby, Jacksonville (FL), Las Vegas, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Montego Bay, Nashville, Nassau, New Orleans, New York–JFK, New York–LaGuardia, Newark, Orlando, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Pittsburgh, Punta Cana, Raleigh/Durham, Richmond, Salt Lake City, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose (CA), San Juan, Santiago de los Caballeros, Santo Domingo-Las Américas, Savannah, Seattle/Tacoma, St. Maarten, St. Thomas, Tampa, Washington–Dulles, Washington–National, West Palm Beach Seasonal: Grand Cayman, Liberia (CR), Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, Oakland, Port-au-Prince, Portland (OR), Providenciales, Puerto Plata, Sacramento, Sarasota, St. Lucia
Lufthansa	Frankfurt, Munich
Norwegian Air Shuttle operated by Norwegian Long Haul	London–Gatwick, Paris–Charles de Gaulle (begins May 2, 2018)[81] Seasonal: Copenhagen, Oslo–Gardermoen
PenAir	Plattsburgh, Presque Isle Seasonal: Bar Harbor
Porter Airlines	Toronto–Billy Bishop
Primera Air	Birmingham (UK) (begins June 22, 2018),[82] London–Stansted (begins May 18, 2018),[82] Paris–Charles de Gaulle (begins June 21, 2018)[82]
Qatar Airways	Doha
Scandinavian Airlines	Copenhagen (begins August 20, 2017)[83]
Scandinavian Airlines operated by PrivatAir	Copenhagen (ends August 19, 2017)[83]
Southwest Airlines	Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Chicago–Midway, Columbus, Dallas–Love, Denver, Houston–Hobby, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Milwaukee, Nashville, St. Louis Seasonal: Orlando
Spirit Airlines	Atlanta, Baltimore, Fort Lauderdale, Las Vegas, Myrtle Beach, Orlando Seasonal: Atlantic City, Chicago–O'Hare, Cleveland, Dallas/Fort Worth, Detroit, Fort Myers, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Tampa, West Palm Beach
Sun Country Airlines	Minneapolis/St. Paul
Swiss International Air Lines	Zürich
TAP Portugal	Lisbon
Thomas Cook Airlines	Seasonal: Manchester (UK)
Tradewind Aviation	White Plains
Turkish Airlines	Istanbul–Atatürk
United Airlines	Chicago–O'Hare, Denver, Houston–Intercontinental, Los Angeles, Newark, San Francisco, Washington–Dulles
United Express	Chicago–O'Hare, Cleveland, Newark, Washington–Dulles
Virgin America	Los Angeles, San Francisco Seasonal: Las Vegas
Virgin Atlantic	London–Heathrow Seasonal: Manchester (UK)
WestJet Encore	Halifax, Montréal–Trudeau (begins October 15, 2017),[84] Toronto–Pearson
WOW air	Reykjavík–Keflavík

Cargo

Logan Airport is a medium-sized airport in terms of cargo, handling 684,875 tons of freight in 2012, making it the 10th busiest airport in the U.S. in terms of cargo. It handles many U.S.-based cargo airlines, including ABX Air, DHL, FedEx Express and UPS Airlines. It also has cargo offices for many international cargo carriers, including British Airways World Cargo, Cathay Pacific Cargo, China Airlines Cargo, EVA Air Cargo, LATAM Cargo Chile and Saudia Cargo.^[85] It has two cargo complexes: The North Cargo Terminal, located near Terminal E, and South Cargo, located near Terminal A.^[32] Given the airport is the 10th busiest cargo facility in the country, with many companies operating at the airport, it has been recognized that future expansion of cargo from Logan is limited due to constrained physical space for expansion.^[86]

Statistics

Top destinations

Busiest domestic routes from Boston Logan
(June 2016 – May 2017)^[87]

Rank	Airport	Passengers	Airlines Served
1	Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois	939,730	American, JetBlue, Spirit, United
2	Atlanta, Georgia	777,480	Delta, JetBlue, Southwest, Spirit
3	Washington–National, D.C.	741,980	American, JetBlue
4	Los Angeles, California	637,470	American, Delta, JetBlue, United, Virgin America
5	San Francisco, California	626,550	Delta, JetBlue, United, Virgin America
6	Baltimore, Maryland	596,580	JetBlue, Southwest, Spirit
7	New York–LaGuardia, New York	584,860	American, Delta, JetBlue
8	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	578,380	American, JetBlue
9	New York–JFK, New York	522,850	American, Delta, JetBlue
10	Newark, New Jersey	503,160	JetBlue, United

Busiest international routes to and from BOS (2015)^[88]

Rank	City	Passengers	Annual Change	Carriers
1	London (Heathrow), United Kingdom	798,119	05.1%	British Airways, Delta, Virgin Atlantic
2	Paris (Charles de Gaulle), France	368,351	014.5%	Air France, American, Delta
3	Dublin, Ireland	336,925	09.2%	Aer Lingus
4	Toronto (Pearson), Canada	316,674	08.9%	Air Canada, WestJet
5	Frankfurt, Germany	285,581	01.3%	Lufthansa
6	Reykjavík, Iceland	271,126	046.6%	Icelandair, WOW air
7	Amsterdam, Netherlands	248,709	00.8%	Delta
8	Dubai (International), United Arab Emirates	233,289	058.9%	Emirates
9	Toronto (Billy Bishop), Canada	171,700	00.2%	Porter
10	Munich, Germany	152,138	00.1%	Lufthansa
11	Istanbul, Turkey	142,696	036.3%	Turkish
12	Zurich, Switzerland	133,054	06.0%	Swiss
13	Shannon, Ireland	125,494	040.0%	Aer Lingus
14	Rome (Fiumicino), Italy	114,619	06.0%	Alitalia
15	Tokyo (Narita), Japan	112,760	01.9%	JAL

Airline market share

Busiest airlines serving BOS (Apr 2016 – Mar 2017)^[89]

Rank	Carrier	Passengers	Share
1	JetBlue Airways	9,046,000	30.46%
2	American Airlines	6,454,000	21.73%
3	Delta Air Lines	3,713,000	12.50%
4	United Airlines	3,682,000	12.40%
5	Southwest Airlines	3,005,000	10.12%

Annual traffic

Annual traffic^[5][90][91]

	Passengers	Change from previous year	Aircraft operations	Cargo (tonnage)
1998	26,526,708		507,449	701,921
1999	27,052,078	02.0%	494,816	712,084
2000	27,726,833	02.5%	487,996	726,174
2001	24,474,930	011.7%	463,125	672,399
2002	22,696,141	07.3%	392,079	694,805
2003	22,791,169	00.4%	373,304	672,419
2004	26,142,516	014.7%	405,258	679,637
2005	27,087,905	03.6%	409,066	670,759
2006	27,725,443	02.4%	406,119	639,534
2007	28,102,455	01.4%	399,537	652,654
2008	26,102,651	07.1%	371,604	621,567
2009	25,512,086	02.3%	345,306	666,888
2010	27,428,962	07.5%	352,643	670,190
2011	28,907,938	05.4%	368,987	684,606
2012	29,325,617	01.4%	354,869	684,875
2013	30,318,631	03.4%	361,339	691,229
2014	31,634,445	04.7%	363,797	695,123
2015	33,449,580	05.7%	372,930	684,970
2016	36,288,042	08.5%	391,222	703,786

For the 12-month period ending January 31, 2010, the airport had 337,229 aircraft operations, an average of 924 per day: 62% scheduled commercial, 33% air taxi and 5% general aviation.^[4]

As of 2010, Logan is the 19th busiest airport in the United States with about 13.5 million boardings a year (not counting arrivals). In 2010, Logan was the world's 28th busiest airport in terms of aircraft movements. The airport is also the 12th busiest airport in the U.S. based on international traffic. In 2010, it handled 3,681,739 international passengers.^[5] In 2012, it handled 4,350,597 international passengers, a 9.8% increase from 2011.^[5] Logan Airport stimulates the New England regional economy by approximately $7.6 billion per year, generating $559.4 million in state and local tax receipts, as of 2006.^[92]

In 2011, Logan Airport served an all-time high of 28,800,000 passengers, a 5% increase from 2010.^[93] In 2010 Logan Airport handled about 27,428,962 passengers, about 3,681,739 of whom were international passengers.^[5] JetBlue carried 29.08% of all passengers for the 12-month period ending August 31, 2014; other leading carriers include American Airlines (24.64%), United Airlines (12.90%) and Delta Air Lines (10.77%).^[87] These figures do not include Delta Connection which has significant operations at Logan Airport. Logan Airport also handled over 546,000,000 pounds (248,000,000 kg) of cargo and mail.^[5]

As of February 2011, Logan ranks 14th among major U.S. airports for on-time domestic departures with 80% of domestic flights departing on time. The airport ranks 25th in on-time domestic arrivals with 76% of domestic flights arriving on time.^[87]

Logan also has flights to the Azores because they link Azores American communities in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.^[94]

Ground transportation

Boston Logan International Airport has the accolade of "Easiest Airport to Get To" in a 2007 article on aviation.com because of the variety of options to/from the airport.^[95] These options include cars, taxis, the MBTA Blue and Silver lines, regional bus services, shared ride vans, ferries, limousines and a service offered by few U.S. airports, Logan Express. Logan is 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast of downtown Boston, a short distance compared with airports in other cities.^[96]

Roads and tolls

By public roads, the airport is accessible via Exit 26 of the Massachusetts Turnpike (Interstate 90), near its eastern terminus, which provides easy access from the west via the Ted Williams Tunnel. East of Exit 26, I-90 transitions to Route 1A to Lynn and New Hampshire. From the south, travellers on Interstate 93 can connect to the Masspike east, through the Ted Williams Tunnel and take exit 26 to reach the airport. From the north, I-93 traffic to the airport uses the Callahan Tunnel, Route 1A North. From the North Shore, access is via Route 1A South. Additionally, road traffic from most of downtown Boston, Back Bay and Fenway/Boston University should use the Callahan Tunnel. The westbound twin tunnel to the Callahan Tunnel is known as the Sumner Tunnel.

As of 2017 eastbound and westbound travel through the tunnels is tolled.^[97] There is a $5.25 toll for taxis, which passengers are responsible for.^[98]

Public transportation

Massport's Airport Shuttle provides free service between all terminals, the Airport station on the Blue Line and the Rental Car Center, as well as additional service to the water transportation dock located on Harborside Drive.^[99]

Massport's Logan Express bus service serves the areas of Braintree, Framingham, Peabody and the Anderson Regional Transportation Center in Woburn for an adult fare of $12.00 one-way and $22.00 round-trip per passenger. The Logan Express also serves the Back Bay neighborhood of Boston, stopping at Hynes Convention Center and Copley Square. One-way fares are $7.50 per passenger or $3.00 for riders with a current valid MBTA pass. Logan Express operates on the lower level curb of all terminals.^[100]

The SL1 branch of the MBTA's Silver Line bus rapid transit service connects all Logan terminals with South Station, a major transportation hub in the downtown Boston financial district that serves MBTA Commuter Rail, Amtrak, Red Line subway and intercity bus. Service on the Silver Line from all Logan Airport terminals to South Station is free.^[101] Airport station on the MBTA's Blue Line subway, despite its name, is not in the airport terminal itself; free shuttle buses 22, 33, 55 and 66, provided by Massport, carry passengers between the Airport station and the terminal buildings. The Blue Line connects with the Orange Line at State, which provides service to both North Station and Back Bay Station the two other major rail transportation hubs for Boston. A transfer to the Green Line, which also runs to North Station, is available at Government Center station.

The airport is also served full-time by MBTA bus routes 448, 449, and 459, which only stop at Terminal C. The airport was originally served full-time by the Crosstown 3 (CT3) bus via the Andrew Red Line station, but after the Silver Line segment to the airport was constructed, ^[102] service was cut back to Andrew since it is faster to simply ride the Red Line two stops inbound to South Station, and transfer to an airport-bound Silver Line bus. However, two CT3 buses per day do still continue to Logan as the 171, at 3:50 AM and 4:20 AM, making it the only MBTA bus to serve all Logan Terminals.

The MBTA also operates a water shuttle connecting Logan with downtown Boston, Hingham and Hull. On-demand service from the airport to various locations on the downtown waterfront is provided by a fleet of water taxis.

Preceding station		MBTA		Following station
Silver Line Way toward South Station		Silver Line SL1		Terminus
Maverick toward Bowdoin		Blue Line Transfer at: Airport		Wood Island toward Wonderland

Limousine and taxi

Limousine pickup is also very common at the airport. Limousine drivers are not allowed to leave their vehicles at the designated pickup areas and pickup locations vary depending on the terminal. For Terminal A, the pickup location is on the arrival level, outside baggage claim, in a small parking lot across the road. For Terminal B, limousine drivers wait for their passengers inside the Terminal B Parking Garage on the lower level. At Terminal C, pickup is on the departure level at the second and third islands from the building. At Terminal E, pickup is also on the arrival level in a small parking lot across the outermost curb. For Public Safety, soliciting passengers anywhere on Logan Airport property by any ground transportation provider is punishable by a $500-dollar fine for each offense.

Taxi operations are coordinated at each terminal by Massport. Massport's regulations prohibit taxis from picking up fares at any location other than the designated taxi stands located at curbside on the lower levels of Terminals A, C and E. For both sides of Terminal B, shuttle van services, limos and taxis all wait for passengers inside the Terminal B Parking Garage on the lower level. Signage inside B terminals directs passengers to the various modes of ground transportation. A large Taxi Pool near the South Cargo complex serves as the staging area for up to 400 taxis, which are typically paged to terminal taxi stands in groups of five or ten after waiting for up to ninety minutes or more.

Metered-rates from Logan Airport to most Boston hotels range from approximately $23.00 to $35.00. The airport fee for all taxi trips leaving Logan is $2.25 and is entered into the taximeter by the driver. In addition, the full $5.25 Harbor Tunnel Toll is entered into the meter for taxi trips leaving the airport via either the Sumner Tunnel or the Ted Williams Tunnel. The combined fee/toll amount ($7.50) is displayed on the right side of the taxi meter and is automatically added to the metered fare (shown on the left side of the taxi meter) when the taxi has reached the passenger's destination and the meter is stopped. Taxi trips within a 20-mile radius of Boston City Hall (Meter Zone) are charged by running the taximeter. Taxi drivers will quote fare amounts from the Official Boston Police Department Flat-Rate Handbook to destinations outside the 20-mile radius.^[103] Additionally, the city of Boston allows its taxis to collect half ($2.75) the Harbor Tunnel Toll on trips to Logan Airport. No airport fee is collected on taxi trips to the airport. As of April 2009, all Boston taxicabs accept fare payment by credit or debit card. The passenger is walked through a series of steps displayed on a touch-screen in the rear passenger compartment of the taxi. Upon request, a meter-generated receipt will be issued.

Cell phone lot

Logan International Airport offers a 30-minute cell phone waiting lot area at the intersection of Hotel Drive and Service Road, which is complimentary and five minutes from all terminals by car. This convenience service exists to reduce congestion and pollution problems.

Rental car center

A 120,000 sq ft (11,000 m²) $310 million rental car center opened on September 24, 2013 consolidating all rental car companies into one shared building. Advantage, Alamo, Avis, Budget, Dollar, Enterprise, E-Z Rent-A-Car, Hertz, National and Thrifty rental car companies operate out of the new facility which has 3,200 parking spaces across four levels. Access to the new facility is done through a new unified bus system consisting of 28 fuel efficient clean hybrid buses operated by Massport which provides service between all the terminals and the rental car center.^[104]

Hotels

Both Hilton and Hyatt operate hotels on airport grounds near Terminal A, with the latter property overlooking downtown Boston and Boston Harbor.^[105]

Other facilities

Currently, major air cargo companies such as British Airways World Cargo, Lufthansa Cargo, Cathay Pacific Cargo, Martinair Cargo, China Airlines Cargo, EVA Air Cargo and many more cargo carriers have cargo offices on Airport property.^[106] Also, American Airlines, Delta and JetBlue have maintenance hangars at the airport, all located adjacent to the office building near Terminal E and the North Cargo Terminal.^[107] Delta TechOps is Delta Air Lines primary maintenance, repair and overhaul arm.

Also located on the property is the Amelia Earhart General Aviation Terminal which is located near Runway 14/32 and next to the Massport Fire Rescue headquarters. The terminal was built in 1980 and dedicated to former Boston resident Earhart in 1984.^[108] Until 2006, American Eagle flights flew out of the terminal when all flights were consolidated in the former B22-29 gates in Pier A, the north building of Terminal B. Passengers had to take a shuttle bus from Terminal B to the Earhart Terminal.^[109][110] The terminal currently sits mostly unused.

Terminal C is home to the airport's chapel, Our Lady of the Airways, which is considered the first airport chapel in the United States. The chapel was originally Catholic, but is now non-denominational.^[63][64] The chapel has existed in two incarnations. The chapel opened in 1951.^[65]

Accidents and incidents

Accidents

• On October 4, 1960, Eastern Air Lines Flight 375 crashed into the sea while attempting to take off from Logan Airport. 62 people died and 10 people survived, incurring serious injuries.^[111]
• On November 15, 1961, A Vickers Viscount N6592C of Northeast Airlines was written off when it collided with a Douglas DC-6 N8228H of National Airlines after landing at Logan International Airport. The DC-6 had started to take-off without receiving clearance to do so.^[112][113]
• On July 31, 1973, Delta Air Lines Flight 723, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9, crashed into the seawall, causing the deaths of all 83 passengers and 6 crew members on board. One of the passengers initially survived the accident but later died in a hospital.^[114]
• On November 3, 1973, Pan Am Flight 160, a Boeing 707-321C cargo aircraft, crashed on approach to Boston-Logan. Smoke in the cockpit caused the pilots to lose control. Three people died in the accident.^[115]
• On January 23, 1982, World Airways Flight 30 from Newark to Boston made a non-precision instrument approach to runway 15R and touched down 2,800 feet (850 m) past the displaced threshold on an icy runway. When the crew sensed that the DC-10-30-CF couldn't be stopped on the remaining runway, they steered the DC-10 off the side of the runway to avoid the approach light pier, and slid into the shallow water of Boston Harbor. The nose section separated as the DC-10 came to rest 250 feet (76 m) past the runway end, 110 feet (34 m) left of the extended centerline. Two passengers (a father and son) were never found and are presumed to have been swept out to sea.^[116]

Incidents

• On October 2, 1954, a Massachusetts Air National Guard F94 Starfire experienced engine failure and crashed near Logan Airport. Its pilot, First Lieutenant James O. Conway sacrificed his life by veering the plane into an embankment on Bayswater Street in East Boston. A memorial was placed nearby.^[117]
• On July 2, 1976, an unoccupied Eastern Airlines L-188 Electra parked at Boston Logan Airport was destroyed by a bomb planted in the landing gear compartment. No one was injured.^[118]
• On April 3, 1979, a portion of the south wing of Terminal E at Logan Airport was evacuated when an incendiary device triggered a blaze in a third-floor men's room.^[119]
• The two aircraft hijacked in the September 11, 2001 attacks that were flown into, and ultimately destroyed the twin towers of the World Trade Center - American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175 - originated at Logan. American flags now fly over gates B32 and C19, the respective gates that the two planes pushed back from.
• On January 7, 2013, ground crew workers noticed smoke coming out from the battery compartment in a parked Japan Airlines Boeing 787 Dreamliner at the gate.^[120] This fire was caused by overcharged lithium-ion batteries, eventually leading to the grounding of the worldwide Boeing 787 fleet^[121] and subsequent redesign of the battery systems.^[122]

Alternate airports

The two primary alternative airports to Logan over the years are both located out-of-state: Manchester–Boston Regional Airport in Manchester, New Hampshire, located approximately 53 statute miles (85 km) north-northwest of Logan, which converts to an average drive time of 59 minutes via I-93; and T. F. Green Airport in Warwick, Rhode Island, located 60 statute miles (97 km) south-southwest of Logan, averaging a 1-hour, 8-minute drive to Logan via I-95, or a 75-minute ride on commuter rail from South Station.^[123] Massport does not operate these facilities.

Worcester Regional Airport in Worcester, which is also operated by Massport, also serves as an alternative to Logan. Currently, JetBlue Airways and Rectrix Shuttle are the only commercial airlines providing service to Worcester. The airport is undergoing multimillion-dollar infrastructure improvements including a Category IIIb Landing System that will allow for arrivals and departures in virtually all weather conditions. The increased reliability, which has been the main concern for airlines operating at the notoriously foggy airport over the years, is expected to draw additional service once completed. The airport is located 46 statute miles (74 km) due west of Boston, primarily accessed through Interstates I-90 and I-290.

See also

Airports in Massachusetts Airports in the Boston area Busiest airports in the United States by both domestic and international passengers Busiest airports in the United States by total passenger boardings Class B airports in the United States

List of international airports by country September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks US busiest airports by international passenger traffic World War II Army Airfields in Massachusetts

World's busiest airports by cargo traffic World's busiest airports by international passenger traffic World's busiest airports by passenger traffic World's busiest airports by traffic movements

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Logan International Airport.

• Official website
• Logan International Airport on Facebook
• Boston Logan International Airport on Google+
• Terminal Map of Logan International Airport
• "Airport Wayfinder: Boston Logan". airportwayfinder.com. Retrieved August 29, 2016. 
• Noise Complaints
• FAA Airport Diagram (PDF), effective July 20, 2017
• Resources for this airport:
  • AirNav airport information for KBOS
  • ASN accident history for BOS
  • FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker
  • NOAA/NWS latest weather observations
  • SkyVector aeronautical chart for KBOS
  • FAA current BOS delay information