Lloyd J. Old

Dr. Lloyd J. Old, M.D., c. 1995

Lloyd John Old (September 23, 1933 – November 28, 2011) was one of the founders and standard-bearers of the field of cancer immunology.[1] When Old began his career in 1958, tumor immunology was in its infancy. Today, cancer immunotherapies are emerging as a significant advance in cancer therapy.[2]

Old’s contributions to research established many of the principles and priorities of modern tumor immunology. In earlier work, he and his colleagues introduced Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) to tumor immunotherapy; discovered the first link between the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and disease (leukemia); found the unexpected association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma; discovered Tumor necrosis factors (TNF); defined the concept of cell-surface differentiation antigens with the discovery of TL, Lyt (CD8), and a range of other mouse antigenic systems; discovered p53, independently with two other groups; and identified the tumor immunogenicity of heat shock proteins. Old is the author or co-author of more than 800 research publications. He was also a teacher helping young scientist as they began their career.

He held the William E. Snee Chair of Cancer Immunology at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), where he was director of the Ludwig Cancer Research New York Branch (then known as Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, or LICR).[3] He was also a trustee of the LICR Charitable Trust, and a trustee of the Virginia & D.K. Ludwig Fund for Cancer Research.6. From 1971 to 2011, he served as the founding scientific and medical director of the Cancer Research Institute (CRI), where from 2001 to 2011 he also served as director of the CRI/LICR Cancer Vaccine Collaborative (CVC), an international network dedicated to testing and optimizing therapeutic cancer vaccines. Old’s previous appointments included Chairman of the LICR Board of Directors (2006–2009), LICR Scientific Director (1988 to 2005), Member of the Emeritus LICR Scientific Committee (1971–86), LICR Chief Executive Officer (1995–2004), and Associate Director of Research at MSKCC (1973–83).

Old served as a member of scientific advisory boards and committees including the Public Health Research Institute of the City of New York, the National Cancer Institute, and the American Association for Cancer Research. Old was also a member of the American Association for Cancer Research, New York Academy of Sciences, Reticuloendothelial Society, Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association of Immunologists, National Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Cancer Immunology, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He had also received honorary doctor of medicine degrees from Karolinska Institute, the University of Lausanne, and the University College London. He graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with a B.A. in biology and earned a medical degree from the University of California, San Francisco.

Old died November 28, 2011, in his New York City home, after several years battling advanced prostate cancer.[1]

Major Discoveries

Leadership

As Director of the international Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research for 17 years, Scientific Director of the Cancer Research Institute for 40 years, and his previous appointment as Associate Director of Research at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center for 10 years, Dr. Old guided the scientific vision of several institutions and the training and development of generations of young scientists in many fields. [22]

Lloyd J. Old, M.D., c. 1974

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC)

Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (Ludwig Cancer Research)

Virginia and Daniel K. Ludwig Trust

Lloyd J. Old, M.D., with Cancer Research Institute founder Helen Coley Nauts, Cancer Research Institute (CRI)

CRI/LICR Cancer Vaccine Collaborative (CVC)

Awards

References

  1. 1 2 Vitello, Paul (December 4, 2011). "Lloyd J. Old, Champion of Using Cells to Fight Cancer, Dies at 78". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  2. ↑ Dougan, M. & Dranoff, G. (2009). Immune therapy for cancer. Annual Review of Immunology 27, 83–117
  3. ↑ "New Paths of Discovery: 2012 Research Highlights" (PDF). Ludwig Cancer Research. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  4. ↑ Old LJ, Clark DA, Benacerraf B. Effect of Bacillus Calmette Guerin infection on transplanted tumors in the mouse. Nature 1959; 184:291-292.
  5. ↑ Lilly F, Boyse EA, Old LJ. Genetic basis of susceptibility to viral leukaemogenesis. Lancet. 1964 Dec 5;2(7371): 1207-9.
  6. ↑ Old LJ, Boyse EA, Stockert E. Antigenic properties of experimental leukemias. I. Serological studies in vitro with spontaneous and radiation leukemies. J Natl Cancer Inst 31: 977-986.
  7. ↑ Old LJ, Boyse EA, Stockert E. Typing of mouse leukemias by serological methods. Nature 1964; 201: 777-779.
  8. ↑ Boyse EA, Old LJ, Luell S. Genetic determination of the TL (thymus-leukemia) antigen in the mouse. Nature 1964; 201:779.
  9. ↑ Boyse EA, Miyazawa M, Aoki T, Old LJ. Ly-A and Ly-B: Two systems of lymphocyte isoantigens in the mouse. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1968 Jun 11; 170(19): 175-93.
  10. ↑ Peter Keating and Alberto Cambrosio. Biomedical Platforms: Realigning the Normal and the Pathological in Late-Twentieth-Century Medicine. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2003.
  11. ↑ Old LJ, Boyse EA, Oettgen HF, Harven ED, Geering G, Williamson B, Clifford P. Precipitating antibody in human serum to an antigen present in cultured Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1966 Dec;56(6):1699-704.
  12. ↑ Carswell EA, Old LJ, Kassel RL, Green S, Fiore N, Williamson B. An endotoxin-induced serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Sep;72(9):3666-70.
  13. ↑ Old LJ. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Science. 1985 Nov 8;230(4726):630-2.
  14. ↑ DeLeo AB, Jay G, Appella E, Dubois GC, Law LW, Old LJ. 1979. Detection of a transformation-related antigen in chemically induced sarcomas and other transformed cells of the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76(5): 2420-4.
  15. ↑ Luwor RB, Johns TG, Murone C, Huang HJ, Cavenee WK, Ritter G, Old LJ, Burgess AW, Scott AM. Monoclonal antibody 806 inhibits the growth of tumor xenografts expressing either the de2-7 or amplified epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) but not wild-type EGFR. Cancer Res. 2001 Jul 15;61(14):5355-61.
  16. ↑ Welt S, Divgi CR, Real FX, Yeh SD, Garin-Chesa P, Finstad CL, Sakamoto J, Cohen A, Sigurdson ER, Kemeny N, Carswell EA, Oettgen HF, Old LJ. Quantitative analysis of antibody localization in human metastatic colon cancer: A phase I study with monoclonal antibody A33. J Clin Oncol 1990; 8:1894-1906.
  17. ↑ Sahin U, Tureci O, Schmitt H, Cochlovius B, Johannes T, Schmits R, Stenner F, Luo G, Schobert I, Pfreundschuh M. Human neoplasms elicit multiple specific immune responses in the autologous host. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995;92:11810-11813.
  18. ↑ Kaplan DH, Shankaran V, Dighe AS, Stockert E, Aguet M, Old LJ, Schreiber RD. Demonstration of an interferon gamma-dependent tumor surveillance system in immunocompetent mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jun 23;95(13):7556-61.
  19. ↑ Shankaran V, Ikeda H, Bruce AT, White JM, Swanson PE, Old LJ, Schreiber RD. IFNgamma and lymphocytes prevent primary tumour development and shape tumour immunogenicity. Nature. 2001 Apr 26;410(6832):1107-11.
  20. ↑ Dunn GP, Bruce AT, Ikeda H, Old LJ, Schreiber RD. Cancer immunoediting: from immunosurveillance to tumor escape. Nat Immunol. 2002 Nov;3(11):991-8. Review.
  21. ↑ http://www.academycancerimmunology.org/index.htm
  22. ↑ http://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/general-oncology/immunotherapy-in-the-twentieth-century/article/644117/2/
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