Livold

Livold
Livold

Location in Slovenia

Coordinates: 45°34′29.76″N 14°47′57.12″E / 45.5749333°N 14.7992000°E / 45.5749333; 14.7992000Coordinates: 45°34′29.76″N 14°47′57.12″E / 45.5749333°N 14.7992000°E / 45.5749333; 14.7992000
Country Slovenia
Traditional region Lower Carniola
Statistical region Southeast Slovenia
Municipality Kočevje
Area
  Total 13.96 km2 (5.39 sq mi)
Elevation 567 m (1,860 ft)
Population (2012)
  Total 474
  Density 34/km2 (90/sq mi)
[1]

Livold (pronounced [ˈliːʋɔlt]; German: Lienfeld,[2][3] Gottscheerish: Liəwold[4]) is a village in the Kočevje Polje southeast of the town of Kočevje in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.[5] The village stretches along the road connecting Kočevje and Petrina, near the turn to Mozelj. It has a pronounced outline. The Rinža River flows through the village; it often goes dry in the summer but floods during heavy rains.[6] There are many karst caves in the area. The Stojna Ridge and Dry Hill (Slovene: Suhi hrib) rise to the west, and the karstified Šahen lowland lies to the east.[7]:101

Name

Livold was first attested in 1490 under its German name, Lienfeld. Judging from medieval sources, the Slovene name Livold is derived from Middle High German Lînfeld, literally 'flax field' (from lîn 'flax' + feld 'field'). The name thus refers to local agricultural production.[8] Another theory derives the name from Middle High German leim 'mud, silt', connected with regular flooding of the Rinža River.[4] A third theory relates the name to branching vegetation such as bindweed, ivy, and traveler's joy.[9]

History

In the land registry of 1574, Livold had 10 full farms subdivided into 20 half-farms with 34 owners, corresponding to a population between 120 and 135. The 1770 census recorded 49 houses in the village.[4] During the 1809 Gottscheer Rebellion, Von Gasparini, the French administrator of the Novo Mesto district, was captured in Kočevje by the rebels. Von Gasparini was taken away from his men and murdered in Livold, and his body was thrown into a ditch.[10][11][12] A school was established in Livold in 1891[6] or 1892.[4][7]:106 Before the Second World War, the village had 67 houses and a population of 364. At that time, it economy was based on agriculture, peddling, and gathering berries. An agricultural and small goods fair was held in the village on 9 January every year.[13] The prewar village population also included a mason, a factory director, a civil servant, a tailor, an accountant, a notary, a driving instructor, a cobbler, and a blacksmith.[7]:101–102 The original ethnic German population was evicted during the Second World War. After the war, 25 houses remained in use and the village had a population of 103.[7]:102 Many new houses were built in Livold after the war.[6] Water mains were installed in 1952, and these were connected with the Kočevje water system in 1969.[7]:102–103

Church

The local church in the northwestern part of the village is dedicated to All Saints and belongs to the Parish of Kočevje. It is a late Gothic church from the early 16th century that was adapted in the 19th century. The main altar is neo-Gothic. The side one was built later and features a Baroque-style pietà.[14] The chancel has been whitewashed multiple times, but traces of fresco work are still visible.[6] The two bells in the bell tower date from the interwar period. The larger one, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, was cast in Jesenice in 1923, and the smaller one, dedicated to Saint Peter, in Ljubljana in 1928.[7]:105

Other cultural heritage

In addition to the village church, several other structures in Livold have cultural heritage status:

Notable people

Notable people that were born or lived in Livold include:

References

  1. "Livold, Kočevje". Place Names. Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  2. Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 38.
  3. Ferenc, Mitja. 2007. Nekdanji nemški jezikovni otok na kočevskem. Kočevje: Pokrajinski muzej, p. 4.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Petschauer, Erich. 1980. "Die Gottscheer Siedlungen – Ortsnamenverzeichnis." In Das Jahrhundertbuch der Gottscheer (pp. 181–197). Klagenfurt: Leustik.
  5. Kočevje municipal site
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Savnik, Roman, ed. 1971. Krajevni leksikon Slovenije, vol. 2. Ljubljana: Državna založba Slovenije, p. 231.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ferenc, Mitja, & Gojko Zupan. 2012. Izgubljene kočevske vasi, vol. 2 (K–P). Ljubljana: Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani.
  8. Snoj, Marko. 2009. Etimološki slovar slovenskih zemljepisnih imen. Ljubljana: Modrijan and Založba ZRC, p. 237.
  9. Pintar, Luka. 1912. "O krajnih imenih", part 2. Ljubljanski Zvon 32: 365–369, p. 368.
  10. "Iz kočevske zgodovine / Aus Gottschees Geschichte." 1929. Ilustrirani Slovenec 5(19) (12 May): 147–152, p. 148.
  11. Matijevič, Meta. 1998. "Napad kmetov na francoske vojake v Novem mestu leta 1809." Kronika 46: 42–46, p. 44.
  12. Tomšič, Štefan, & Fran Ivanc. 1887. Kočevsko okrajno glavarstvo. Zemljepisno-zgodovinski opis. Ljubljana: Narodna tiskarna, p. 17.
  13. Krajevni leksikon Dravske Banovine. 1937. Ljubljana: Zveza za tujski promet za Slovenijo, p. 216.
  14. Slovenian Ministry of Culture register of national heritage reference number ešd 1888
  15. Slovenian Ministry of Culture register of national heritage reference number ešd 14978
  16. Slovenian Ministry of Culture register of national heritage reference number ešd 24221
  17. "17971: Livold - Vas" [17971: Livold: Village]. Register nepremične kulturne dediščine [Registry of Immovable Cultural Heritage] (in Slovenian). Ministry of Culture, Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  18. "18021: Livold - Spomenik padlim v NOB" [18021: Livold: Monument to the Fallen in the National Liberation Struggle]. Register nepremične kulturne dediščine [Registry of Immovable Cultural Heritage] (in Slovenian). Ministry of Culture, Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
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