List of supercontinents

This is a list of supercontinents.

Past

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

The list is written in reverse-chronological order ("stratolithic order").

Legend
Minor supercontinent
Major supercontinent
List of Supercontinents
Name Ga
(Billions of years ago)		 Notes
Laurasia ~0.253–~0.056
Pangaea ~0.335–~0.173 The most recent supercontinent.
Euramerica 0.433-0.056
Gondwana ~0.62–~0.132
Pannotia, also called Vendian 0.62–~0.555
Avalonia 0.63-0.056
Protogondwana 1.071-0.62
Protolaurasia 1.071–0.592
Rodinia 1.071–~0.75 The first confirmed supercontinent
Cimmeria 1.25–present
Baltica 1.8-present
Laurentia 1.816-present
Columbia, also called Nuna ~1.82–1.35
Nena 1.95-0.592
Atlantica 2.11-0.114 Protracted tectonic magma plume rifting occurred 1.31 Ga. Final breakup occurred ~114 Ma.
India (continent) 2.525-present
Siberia (continent) 2.695-present
Sclavia 2.665-2.33 Kenorland is a "one-piece" alternative to Superia, Vaalbara, and Sclavia.
Kenorland/Arctica ~2.72–2.1 Neoarchean sanukitoid cratons and new continental crust formed Kenorland. Protracted tectonic magma plume rifting occurred 2.48 to 2.4 Ga and this contributed to the Paleoproterozoic glacial events in 2.4 to 2.22 Ga. Final breakup occurred ~2.1 Ga.
Ur ~3.1-2.803 Classified as the earliest known landmass, Ur was a continent that existed three billion years ago. While probably not a supercontinent, one can argue that Ur was a supercontinent for its time as it was possibly the only continent on Earth, even if it was smaller than Australia is today. Still, an older rock formation now in Greenland dates back from Hadean times.
Congo (continent) (Protoafrica) 3.6-present This former continent thought to be parental to the São Francisco craton, Congo craton and the Central Africa.
Vaalbara ~3.6-2.803 Evidence is the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia and the worldwide Archean greenstone belts that were subsequently spread out across Gondwana and Laurasia.
Superior craton 4.031-present

Present day

List of Supercontinents
Name Year
(-=past)
(+=future)		 Notes
Afro-Eurasia ~-5 Myr to ~+215 Myr
Ocean-Eurasia ~-5 Myr to ~+215 Myr
America ~-15 Myr to +150 Myr
Eurasia ~-253 Myr to ~+215 Myr If not considered a part of Afro-Eurasia

Future (speculative)

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
List of Supercontinents
Name Year (Myr) Notes
East africa—India—Madagascar—Indonesia—East asia—Australia—Zealand—North America 316-472
Pangaea Ultima/Novopangaea 249–540
East asia—Australia—Zealand—North America 102-472
Antarctica—South America 102-739
Amasia 39–215
Euraustralaufrasia 27–215
Africa—Europe—West Asia 0.65-450
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