List of state leaders in 1978

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1978.

Africa

Asia

Europe

North America

Oceania

South America

References

  1. ↑ Titled president between 1966 and 1976.
  2. ↑ Lesotho only became independent in 1966.
  3. ↑ Mauritius only became independent in 1968.
  4. ↑ Bophuthatswana was only declared to be independent in 1977.
  5. ↑ Transkei was only declared to be independent in 1976.
  6. ↑ Swaziland only became independent in 1968, until when Sobhuza II was titled Paramount Chief of Swaziland.
  7. ↑ Julius Nyerere was President of Tanganyika from 1962 to 1964.
  8. ↑ Bahrain only became independent in 1971, until then the monarch was titled Hakim of Bahrain.
  9. ↑ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
  10. 1 2 In exile between 1990 and 1991.
  11. ↑ Qatar only became independent in 1971.
  12. ↑ Singapore only became independent in 1965.
  13. ↑ William Gopallawa was titled Governor-General of Ceylon between 1962 and 1972 under the monarchy.
  14. ↑ President of North Vietnam from 1969 to 1976.
  15. ↑ Prime minister of North Vietnam from 1955 to 1976.
  16. ↑ Ali Abdullah Saleh became President of Yemen upon unification in 1990.
  17. ↑ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
  18. ↑ The Bahamas only became independent on 1973.
  19. ↑ Titled Premier until independence.
  20. ↑ Grenada only became independent in 1974.
  21. ↑ Ellis Clarke was titled Governor-General of Trinidad and Tobago between 1972 and 1976 under the monarchy.
  22. ↑ Trinidad and Tobago only became independent in 1962.
  23. ↑ Fiji only became independent in 1970, until then Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara was titled Chief Minister of Fiji.
  24. ↑ Subordinated to the Governor of New Caledonia.
  25. ↑ Papua New Guinea only became independent in 1975, before which Michael Somare was titled Chief Minister of Papua and New Guinea.
  26. ↑ Titled Chief Minister until independence.
  27. 1 2 Tonga only became independent in 1970.
  28. ↑ Titled Chief Minister before independence.
  29. ↑ Guyana only became independent in 1966.
  30. 1 2 Suriname only became independent in 1975.
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