List of state leaders in 1975
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This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1975.
Africa
- Algeria
- Head of State – Houari Boumediene, President of the Revolutionary Council of Algeria (1965–1978)
- Angola
- the Overseas Province of Angola gained independence on 11 November 1975
- High Commissioner and Governor-General –
- António Alva Rosa Coutinho, High Commissioner and Governor-General of Angola (1974–1975)
- António Silva Cardoso, High Commissioner and Governor-General of Angola (1975)
- Ernesto Ferreira de Macedo, Acting High Commissioner and Governor-General of Angola (1975)
- Leonel Cardoso, High Commissioner and Governor-General of Angola (1975)
- People's Republic of Angola
- Communist Party Leader – Agostinho Neto, Secretary of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (1975–1979)
- President - Agostinho Neto, President of Angola (1975–1979)
- Prime Minister - Lopo do Nascimento, Prime Minister of Angola (1975–1978)
- Democratic People's Republic of Angola (rival government)
- counter-government declared on 11 November 1975
- President - Holden Roberto + Jonas Savimbi, Presidents of the Joint National Council for the Revolution of Angola (1975–1976)
- Prime Minister - José Ndele + Johnny Eduardo Pinnock, Prime Ministers of Angola (1975–1976)
- Cabinda (unrecognized secessionist state)
- declared independence on 1 August 1975, reincorporated into Angola on 11 November 1975
- President -
- Pedro Simba Macosso, President of Cabinda (1967–1975)
- N’zita Henriques Tiago, Provisional President of Cabinda (1975)
- Luis Branque Franque, President of Cabinda (1975–1976)[1]
- Prime Minister - Francisco Xavier Lubota, Prime Minister of Cabinda (1975–1976)[1]
- Benin
- Dahomey changed name to People's Republic of Benin on 30 November 1975
- President - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1972–1991)
- Botswana
- President - Sir Seretse Khama, President of Botswana (1966–1980)
- Burundi
- President - Michel Micombero, President of Burundi (1966–1976)
- Cameroon
- President - Ahmadou Ahidjo, President of Cameroon (1960–1982)
- Prime Minister - Paul Biya, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1975–1982)
- Cape Verde
- the Overseas Province of Cape Verde gained independence on 5 July 1975
- High Commissioner - Vicente Almeida d'Eça, High Commissioner of Cape Verde (1974–1975)
- President - Aristides Pereira, President of Cape Verde (1975–1991)
- Prime Minister - Pedro Pires, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1975–1991)
- Central African Republic
- President - Jean-Bédel Bokassa, President for Life of the Central African Republic (1966–1979)[2]
- Prime Minister - Elisabeth Domitien, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1975–1976)
- Chad
- Head of State -
- N'Garta Tombalbaye, President of Chad (1960–1975)
- Noël Milarew Odingar, Interim Head of State of Chad (1975)
- Félix Malloum, Head of State of Chad (1975–1979)
- Prime Minister -
- N'Garta Tombalbaye, Prime Minister of Chad (1959–1975)[3]
- Félix Malloum, Prime Minister of Chad (1975–1978)
- Head of State -
- Comoros
- gained independence on 6 July 1975
- High Commissioner - Jacques Mouradian, High Commissioner of the Comoros (1969–1975)
- President -
- Ahmed Abdallah, President of the Comoros (1975)
- Prince Said Mohamed Jaffar, President of the Comoros (1975–1976)
- Head of Government - Ahmed Abdallah, President of the Government Council of the Comoros (1972–1975)
- Congo
- Head of State - Marien Ngouabi, Head of State of Congo (1969–1977)
- Prime Minister -
- Henri Lopès, Prime Minister of Congo (1973–1975)
- Louis Sylvain Goma, Prime Minister of Congo (1975–1984)
- Dahomey
- see under Benin
- Egypt
- President - Anwar Sadat, President of Egypt (1970–1981)
- Prime Minister -
- Abd El Aziz Muhammad Hegazi, Prime Minister of Egypt (1974–1975)
- Mamdouh Salem, Prime Minister of Egypt (1975–1978)
- Equatorial Guinea
- President - Francisco Macías Nguema Biyogo,[4] President for Life of Equatorial Guinea (1968–1979)
- Ethiopia
- Head of State - Tafari Benti, Chairman of the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces of Ethiopia (1974–1977)
- French Territory of the Afars and the Issas (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner - Christian Dablanc, High Commissioner of the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas (1974–1976)
- Prime Minister - Ali Aref Bourhan, President of the Government Council of the French Territory of the Afars and Issas (1967–1976)
- Gabon
- President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009)
- Prime Minister - Léon Mébiame, Prime Minister of Gabon (1975–1994)
- The Gambia
- President - Sir Dawda Jawara, President of The Gambia (1970–1994)
- Ghana
- Head of State - Ignatius Kutu Acheampong, Chairman of the National Redemption Council of Ghana (1972–1978)
- Guinea
- President - Ahmed Sékou Touré, President of Guinea (1958–1984)
- Prime Minister - Louis Lansana Beavogui, Prime Minister of Guinea (1972–1984)
- Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State - Luís Cabral, Chairman of the Council of State of Guinea-Bissau (1973–1980)
- Prime Minister - Francisco Mendes, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (1973–1978)
- Ivory Coast
- President - Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Ivory Coast (1960–1993)
- Kenya
- President - Jomo Kenyatta, President of Kenya (1964–1978)
- Lesotho
- Monarch - Moshoeshoe II, King of Lesotho (1970–1990)
- Prime Minister - Leabua Jonathan, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1965–1986)[5]
- Liberia
- President - William R. Tolbert, Jr., President of Liberia (1971–1980)
- Libya
- De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
- Nominal Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi, Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council of Libya (1969–1979)
- Prime Minister - Abdessalam Jalloud, Prime Minister of Libya (1972–1977)
- Madagascar
- see under Malagasy Republic
- Malagasy Republic
- name changed to Democratic Republic of Madagascar on 30 December 1975
- Head of State -
- Gabriel Ramanantsoa, Head of State of the Malagasy Republic (1972–1975)
- Richard Ratsimandrava, Head of State of the Malagasy Republic (1975)
- Gilles Andriamahazo, Chairman of the National Military Leadership Committee of the Malagasy Republic (1975)
- Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1975–1993)
- Prime Minister - Gabriel Ramanantsoa, Prime Minister of the Malagasy Republic (1972–1975)
- Malawi
- President - Hastings Banda, President for Life of Malawi (1966–1994)
- Mali
- Head of State - Moussa Traoré, Head of State of Mali (1968–1991)
- Mauritania
- President - Moktar Ould Daddah, President of Mauritania (1960–1978)
- Mauritius
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Mauritius (1968–1992)
- Governor-General - Sir Raman Osman, Governor-General of Mauritius (1972–1977)
- Prime Minister - Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1961–1982)[6]
- Mayotte (Territorial collectivity of France)
- part of the colony of Comoros until 6 July 1975
- Prefect - Younoussa Bamana, Prefect of Mayotte (1975–1976)
- Morocco
- Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
- Prime Minister - Ahmed Osman, Prime Minister of Morocco (1972–1979)
- Mozambique
- the Overseas Province of Mozambique gained independence on 25 June 1975
- High Commissioner and Governor-General - Victor Crespo, High Commissioner and Governor-General of Mozambique (1974–1975)
- Communist Party Leader - Samora Machel, President of the Liberation Front of Mozambique (1975–1986)
- President - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (1975–1986)
- Prime Minister - Joaquim Chissano, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1974–1975)
- Niger
- Head of State - Seyni Kountché, President of the Supreme Military Council of Niger (1974–1987)
- Nigeria
- Head of State -
- Rhodesia (unrecognized, de facto independent country)
- President -
- Clifford Dupont, President of Rhodesia (1965–1975)[7]
- Henry Everard, Acting President of Rhodesia (1975–1976)
- Prime Minister - Ian Smith, Prime Minister of Rhodesia (1965–1979)
- President -
- Rwanda
- President - Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (1973–1994)
- Saint Helena and Dependencies (British crown colony)
- Governor - Sir Thomas Oates, Governor of Saint Helena (1971–1976)
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- the Overseas Province of São Tomé and Príncipe gained independence on 12 July 1975
- High Commissioner - António Elísio Capelo Pires Veloso, High Commissioner of São Tomé and Príncipe (1974–1975)
- President - Manuel Pinto da Costa, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975–1991)
- Prime Minister -
- Leonel Mário d'Alva, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Principe (1974–1975)
- Miguel Trovoada, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Principe (1975–1979)
- Senegal
- President - Léopold Sédar Senghor, President of Senegal (1960–1980)
- Prime Minister - Abdou Diouf, Prime Minister of Senegal (1970–1980)
- Seychelles (British crown colony)
- Governor - Colin Allan, Governor of the Seychelles (1973–1976)
- Chief Minister - James Mancham, Chief Minister of the Seychelles (1970–1976)
- Sierra Leone
- President - Siaka Stevens, President of Sierra Leone (1971–1985)
- Prime Minister -
- Sorie Ibrahim Koroma, Prime Minister of Sierra Leone (1971–1975)
- Christian Alusine Kamara-Taylor, Prime Minister of Sierra Leone (1975–1978)
- Somalia
- President - Siad Barre, President of Somalia (1969–1991)
- South Africa
- President -
- Prime Minister - B. J. Vorster, Prime Minister of South Africa (1966–1978)
- South West Africa (League of Nations mandate administered by South Africa)
- Administrator - Barend Johannes van der Walt, Administrator of South West Africa (1971–1977)
- Spanish Sahara (Spanish overseas province)
- Governor-General - Federico Gómez de Salazar y Nieto, Governor-General of Spanish Sahara (1974–1976)
- Sudan
- President - Gaafar Nimeiry, President of Sudan (1969–1985)
- Prime Minister - Gaafar Nimeiry, Prime minister of Sudan (1969–1976)
- Swaziland
- Monarch - Sobhuza II, King of Swaziland (1921–1982)[8]
- Prime Minister - Prince Makhosini Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1967–1976)[9]
- Tanzania
- President - Julius Nyerere, President of Tanzania (1962–1985)[10]
- Prime Minister - Rashidi Kawawa, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1972–1977)
- Togo
- President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005)
- Tunisia
- President - Habib Bourguiba, President for Life of Tunisia (1957–1987)
- Prime Minister - Hedi Amara Nouira, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1970–1980)
- Uganda
- President - Idi Amin, President of Uganda (1971–1979)
- Upper Volta
- President - Sangoulé Lamizana, President of Upper Volta (1966–1980)
- Prime Minister - Sangoulé Lamizana, Prime Minister of Upper Volta (1974–1978)
- Zaire
- President - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (1965–1994)
- Zambia
- President - Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia (1964–1991)
- Prime Minister -
- Mainza Chona, Prime Minister of Zambia (1973–1975)
- Elijah Mudenda, Prime Minister of Zambia (1975–1977)
Asia
- Afghanistan
- President - Mohammed Daoud Khan, President of Afghanistan (1973–1978)
- Bahrain
- Monarch - Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1961–1999)[11]
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–present)[12]
- Bangladesh
- President -
- Mohammad Mohammadullah, President of Bangladesh (1973–1975)
- Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, President of Bangladesh (1975)
- Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad, President of Bangladesh (1975)
- Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem, President of Bangladesh (1975–1977)
- Prime Minister -
- Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1972–1975)
- Muhammad Mansur Ali, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1975)
- President -
- Bhutan
- Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
- Brunei (British protected state)
- High Commissioner -
- Peter Gautrey, British High Commissioner in Brunei (1972–1975)
- James Alfred Davidson, British High Commissioner in Brunei (1975–1978)
- Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)
- Chief Minister - Pengiran Dipa Negara Laila Diraja Pengiran Abdul Mumin, Chief Minister of Brunei (1972–1981)
- High Commissioner -
- Burma
- President - Ne Win, President of Burma (1962–1981)
- Prime Minister - Sein Win, Prime Minister of Burma (1974–1977)
- Cambodia
- the Khmer Republic was superseded by the Kingdom of Cambodia on 17 April 1975
- Head of State -
- Lon Nol, President of the Khmer Republic (1972–1975)
- Saukam Khoy, Acting President of the Khmer Republic (1975)
- Sak Sutsakhan, Chairman of the Supreme Committee of the Khmer Republic (1975)
- Prince Norodom Sihanouk, Head of State of Cambodia (1975–1976)
- Prime Minister -
- Long Boret, Prime Minister of the Khmer Republic (1973–1975)
- Penn Nouth, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1975–1976)
- China (People's Republic of China)
- Communist Party Leader - Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Communist Party of China (1935–1976)
- Acting Head of State -
- Dong Biwu, Acting Chairman of China (1968–1975)
- Zhu De, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of China (1975–1976)
- Premier - Zhou Enlai, Premier of the State Council of China (1949–1976)
- Hong Kong (British crown colony)
- Governor - Sir Murray MacLehose, Governor of Hong Kong (1971–1982)
- East Timor
- Portuguese Timor declared independence on 28 November and was annexed by Indonesia on 7 December
- Governor - Mário Lemos Pires, Governor of Portuguese Timor (1974–1975)
- President - Francisco Xavier do Amaral, President of East Timor (1975)
- Prime Minister - Nicolau dos Reis Lobato, Prime Minister of East Timor (1975)
- India
- President - Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, President of India (1974–1977)
- Prime Minister - Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (1966–1977)
- Sikkim (Indian protectorate)
- merged into India on 16 May 1975
- Indian Politician Officer - Gurbachan Singh, Political Officer in Sikkim (1974–1975)
- Monarch - Palden Thondup Namgyal, Chogyal of Sikkim (1963–1975)
- Prime Minister - Kazi Lhendup Dorjee, Prime Minister of Sikkim (1974–1979)
- Indonesia
- President - Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)
- Iran
- Monarch - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941–1979)
- Prime Minister - Amir-Abbas Hoveida, Prime Minister of Iran (1965–1977)
- Iraq
- President - Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, President of Iraq (1968–1979)
- Prime Minister - Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, Prime Minister of Iraq (1968–1979)
- Israel
- President - Ephraim Katzir, President of Israel (1973–1978)
- Prime Minister - Yitzhak Rabin, Prime Minister of Israel (1974–1977)
- Japan
- Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
- Prime Minister - Takeo Miki, Prime Minister of Japan (1974–1976)
- Jordan
- Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
- Prime Minister - Zaid al-Rifai, Prime Minister of Jordan (1973–1976)
- Khmer Republic
- see under Cambodia
- North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sung, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party (1949–1994)
- President - Kim Il-sung, President of North Korea (1972–1994)
- Premier - Kim Il, Premier of the Council of Ministers of North Korea (1972–1976)
- South Korea (Republic of Korea)
- President - Park Chung-hee, President of South Korea (1962–1979)
- Prime Minister -
- Kim Jong-pil, Prime Minister of South Korea (1971–1975)
- Choi Kyu-hah, Prime Minister of South Korea (1975–1979)
- Kuwait
- Monarch - Sheikh Sabah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1965–1977)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1965–1978)
- Laos
- Kingdom of Laos superseded by the Lao People's Democratic Republic on 2 December 1975
- Monarch - Savang Vatthana, King of Laos (1959–1975)
- Communist Party Leader - Kaysone Phomvihane, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1975–1992)
- President - Souphanouvong, President of Laos (1975–1991)
- Head of Government -
- Prince Souvanna Phouma, Prime Minister of Laos (1962–1975)
- Kaysone Phomvihane, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (1975–1991)
- Lebanon
- President - Suleiman Frangieh, President of Lebanon (1970–1976)
- Prime Minister -
- Rachid Solh, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1974–1975)
- Nureddin Rifai, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1975)
- Rashid Karami, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1975–1976)
- Macau (overseas province of Portugal)
- Governor - José Garcia Leandro, Governor of Macau (1974–1979)
- Malaysia
- Monarch -
- Tuanku Abdul Halim, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1970–1975)
- Sultan Yahya Petra, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1975–1979)
- Prime Minister - Abdul Razak Hussein, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1970–1976)
- Monarch -
- Maldives
- President - Ibrahim Nasir, President of the Maldives (1968–1978)
- Prime Minister - Ahmed Zaki, Prime Minister of the Maldives (1972–1975)
- Mongolia
- Communist Party Leader - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1958–1984)
- Head of State - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural of Mongolia (1974–1984)
- Premier - Jambyn Batmönkh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1974–1984)
- Nepal
- Monarch - Birendra, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
- Prime Minister -
- Nagendra Prasad Rijal, Prime Minister of Nepal (1973–1975)
- Tulsi Giri, Prime Minister of Nepal (1975–1977)
- Oman
- Monarch - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
- Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
- Pakistan
- President - Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry, President of Pakistan (1973–1978)
- Prime Minister - Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1973–1977)
- Philippines
- President - Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (1965–1986)
- Qatar
- Monarch - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1972–1995)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1970–1995)[13]
- Saudi Arabia
- Monarch -
- Faisal, King of Saudi Arabia (1964–1975)
- Khalid, King of Saudi Arabia (1975–1982)
- Prime Minister -
- Faisal, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1962–1975)
- Khalid, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1975–1982)
- Monarch -
- Singapore
- President - Benjamin Sheares, President of Singapore (1971–1981)
- Prime Minister - Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore (1959–1990)[14]
- Sri Lanka
- President - William Gopallawa, President of Sri Lanka (1962–1978)[15]
- Prime Minister - Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1970–1977)
- Syria
- President - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971–2000)
- Prime Minister - Mahmoud al-Ayyubi, Prime Minister of Syria (1972–1976)
- Taiwan (Republic of China)
- President -
- Chiang Kai-shek, President of Taiwan (1950–1975)
- Yen Chia-kan, President of Taiwan (1975–1978)
- Premier - Chiang Ching-kuo, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1972–1978)
- President -
- Thailand -
- Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
- Prime Minister -
- Sanya Dharmasakti, Prime Minister of Thailand (1973–1975)
- Seni Pramoj, Prime Minister of Thailand (1975)
- Kukrit Pramoj, Prime Minister of Thailand (1975–1976)
- Turkey
- President - Fahri Korutürk, President of Turkey (1973–1980)
- Prime Minister -
- Sadi Irmak, Prime Minister of Turkey (1974–1975)
- Süleyman Demirel, Prime Minister of Turkey (1975–1977)
- United Arab Emirates
- President - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1971–2004)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1971–1979)
- North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
- Communist Party Leader - Lê Duẩn, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1960–1986)
- President - Tôn Đức Thắng, President of North Vietnam (1969–1980)[16]
- Premier - Phạm Văn Đồng, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of North Vietnam (1955–1987)[17]
- South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam)
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Trần Thiện Khiêm, Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1969–1975)
- Nguyễn Bá Cẩn, Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1975)
- Vũ Văn Mẫu, Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1975)
- North Yemen (Yemen Arab Republic)
- President - Ibrahim al-Hamdi, President of North Yemen (1974–1977)
- Prime Minister -
- South Yemen (People's Democratic Republic of Yemen)
- Head of State - Salim Rubai Ali, Chairman of the Presidential Council of South Yemen (1969–1978)
- Prime Minister - Ali Nasir Muhammad, Prime Minister of South Yemen (1971–1985)
Europe
- Albania
- Communist Party Leader - Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1941–1985)
- Head of State - Haxhi Lleshi, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1953–1982)
- Premier - Mehmet Shehu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1954–1981)
- Andorra
- Monarchs -
- French Co-Prince - Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1974–1981)
- Co-Prince's Representative - Claude-François Rostain (1972–1977)
- Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
- Co-Prince's Representative - Francesc Badia i Batalla (1972–1993)
- French Co-Prince - Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1974–1981)
- First Syndic - Julià Reig Ribó, First Syndic of Andorra (1972–1978)
- Monarchs -
- Austria -
- President - Rudolf Kirchschläger, Federal President of Austria (1974–1986)
- Chancellor - Bruno Kreisky, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1970–1983)
- Belgium
- Monarch - Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
- Prime Minister - Leo Tindemans, Prime Minister of Belgium (1974–1978)
- Bulgaria
- Communist Party Leader - Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989)
- Head of State - Todor Zhivkov, Chairman of the Council of State of Bulgaria (1971–1989)
- Premier - Stanko Todorov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1971–1981)
- Cyprus
- President - Archbishop Makarios III, President of Cyprus (1974–1977)
- Northern Cyprus (invaded by Turkey)
- President - Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1975–2005)
- Czechoslovakia
- Communist Party Leader - Gustáv Husák, General Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1969–1987)
- President -
- Ludvík Svoboda, President of Czechoslovakia (1968–1975)
- Gustáv Husák, President of Czechoslovakia (1975–1989)
- Prime Minister - Lubomír Štrougal, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1970–1988)
- Denmark
- Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Poul Hartling, Prime Minister of Denmark (1973–1975)
- Anker Jørgensen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1975–1982)
- Finland
- President - Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland (1956–1981)
- Prime Minister -
- Kalevi Sorsa, Prime Minister of Finland (1972–1975)
- Keijo Liinamaa, Prime Minister of Finland (1975)
- Martti Miettunen, Prime Minister of Finland (1975–1977)
- France
- President - Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, President of France (1974–1981)
- Prime Minister - Jacques Chirac, Prime Minister of France (1974–1976)
- East Germany (German Democratic Republic)
- Communist Party Leader - Erich Honecker, First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1971–1989)
- Head of State - Willi Stoph, Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1973–1976)
- Premier - Horst Sindermann, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1973–1976)
- West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)
- President - Walter Scheel, Federal President of West Germany (1974–1979)
- Chancellor - Helmut Schmidt, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1974–1982)
- West Berlin (Western Allies-occupied free city)
- Governing Mayor - Klaus Schütz, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1967–1977)
- Greece
- President -
- Michail Stasinopoulos, President of Greece (1974–1975)
- Konstantinos Tsatsos, President of Greece (1975–1980)
- Prime Minister - Konstantinos Karamanlis, Prime Minister of Greece (1974–1980)
- President -
- Hungary
- Communist Party Leader - János Kádár, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1956–1988)
- Head of State - Pál Losonczi, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1967–1987)
- Premier -
- Iceland
- President - Kristján Eldjárn, President of Iceland (1968–1980)
- Prime Minister - Geir Hallgrímsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1974–1978)
- Ireland
- President - Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh, President of Ireland (1974–1976)
- Prime Minister - Liam Cosgrave, Taoiseach of Ireland (1973–1977)
- Italy
- President - Giovanni Leone, President of Italy (1971–1978)
- Prime Minister - Aldo Moro, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1974–1976)
- Liechtenstein
- Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
- Prime Minister - Walter Kieber, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1974–1978)
- Luxembourg
- Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
- Prime Minister - Gaston Thorn, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1974–1979)
- Malta
- President - Sir Anthony Mamo, President of Malta (1971–1976)[18]
- Prime Minister - Dom Mintoff, Prime Minister of Malta (1971–1984)
- Monaco
- Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Head of Government - André Saint-Mleux, Minister of State of Monaco (1972–1981)
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch - Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands (1948–1980)
- Netherlands (constituent country)
- Prime Minister - Joop den Uyl, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1973–1977)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
- see under North America
- Suriname (constituent country until independence on 25 November 1975)
- see under South America
- Norway
- Monarch - Olav V, King of Norway (1957–1991)
- Prime Minister - Trygve Bratteli, Prime Minister of Norway (1973–1976)
- Poland
- Communist Party Leader - Edward Gierek, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1970–1980)
- Head of State - Henryk Jabłoński, Chairman of the Council of State of Poland (1972–1985)
- Premier - Piotr Jaroszewicz, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1970–1980)
- Portugal
- President - Francisco da Costa Gomes, President of Portugal (1974–1976)
- Prime Minister -
- Vasco Gonçalves, Prime Minister of Portugal (1974–1975)
- José Baptista Pinheiro de Azevedo, Prime Minister of Portugal (1975–1976)
- Romania
- Communist Party Leader - Nicolae Ceauşescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (1965–1989)
- President - Nicolae Ceauşescu, President of Romania (1967–1989)
- Premier - Manea Mănescu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1974–1979)
- San Marino
- Captains Regent
- Francesco Valli and Enrico Andreoli, Captains Regent of San Marino (1974–1975)
- Alberto Cecchetti and Michele Righi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1975)
- Giovanni Vito Marcucci and Giuseppe Della Balda, Captains Regent of San Marino (1975–1976)
- Captains Regent
- Soviet Union
- Communist Party leader - Leonid Brezhnev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1964–1982)
- Head of State - Nikolai Podgorny, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1965–1977)
- Premier - Alexei Kosygin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1964–1980)
- Spain
- Spanish State was superseded by the Kingdom of Spain
- Head of State -
- Francisco Franco, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975)
- Prince Juan Carlos, Acting Head of State of Spain (1975)
- Alejandro Rodríguez de Valcárcel, President of the Regency of Spain (1975)
- Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)
- Prime Minister - Carlos Arias Navarro, President of the Government of Spain (1973–1976)
- Sweden
- Monarch - Carl XVI Gustav, King of Sweden (1973–present)
- Prime Minister - Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden (1969–1976)
- Switzerland
- Federal Council:[19]
- Rudolf Gnägi (1965–1979), Ernst Brugger (1969–1978), Pierre Graber (1970–1978, President), Kurt Furgler (1971–1986), Willy Ritschard (1973–1983), Hans Hürlimann (1973–1982), Georges-André Chevallaz (1973–1983)
- Federal Council:[19]
- United Kingdom
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
- Prime Minister - Harold Wilson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1974–1976)
- Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir John Martin, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1974–1980)
- Bailiff - Sir John Loveridge, Bailiff of Guernsey (1973–1982)
- Jersey (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Desmond Fitzpatrick, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1974–1979)
- Bailiff - Frank Ereaut, Bailiff of Jersey (1975–1985)
- Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant Governor - Sir John Warburton Paul, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (1974–1980)
- Head of Government - Percy Radcliffe, Chairman of the Executive Council of the Isle of Man (1971–1977)
- Gibraltar (British crown colony)
- Governor - Sir John Grandy, Governor of Gibraltar (1973–1978)
- Chief Minister - Sir Joshua Hassan, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1972–1987)
- Vatican City
- Monarch - Pope Paul VI, Sovereign of Vatican City (1963–1978)
- President of the Governorate - Cardinal Jean-Marie Villot, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1969–1979)
- Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
- Secretary of State - Cardinal Jean-Marie Villot, Cardinal Secretary of State (1969–1979)
- Yugoslavia
- Communist Party leader - Josip Broz Tito, President of the Presidium of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1936–1980)
- President - Josip Broz Tito, President for Life of Yugoslavia (1953–1980)
- Premier - Džemal Bijedić, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1971–1977)
North America
- Antigua (British associated state)
- Governor - Sir Wilfred Jacobs, Governor of Antigua (1967–1993)
- Premier - George Walter, Premier of Antigua (1971–1976)
- The Bahamas
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Milo Butler, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1973–1979)
- Prime Minister - Lynden Pindling, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1967–1992)[20]
- Barbados
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Arleigh Winston Scott, Governor-General of Barbados (1967–1976)
- Prime Minister - Errol Barrow, Prime Minister of Barbados (1961–1976)[21]
- Belize (British crown colony)
- Governor - Sir Richard Posnett, Governor of Belize (1972–1976)
- Premier - George Cadle Price, Premier of Belize (1961–1984)
- Bermuda (British crown colony)
- Governor - Sir Edwin Leather, Governor of Bermuda (1973–1977)
- Premier -
- Sir Edward Richards, Premier of Bermuda (1971–1975)
- John Sharpe, Premier of Bermuda (1975–1977)
- British Virgin Islands (British crown colony)
- Governor - Walter Wilkinson Wallace, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1974–1978)
- Chief Minister - Willard Wheatley, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1971–1979)
- Canada
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
- Governor General - Jules Léger, Governor General of Canada (1974–1979)
- Prime Minister - Pierre Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada (1968–1979)
- Cayman Islands (British crown colony)
- Governor - Thomas Russell, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1974–1982)
- Costa Rica
- President - Daniel Oduber Quirós, President of Costa Rica (1974–1978)
- Cuba
- Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro, First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
- President - Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado, President of Cuba (1959–1976)
- Prime Minister - Fidel Castro, Prime Minister of Cuba (1959–2008)[22]
- Dominica (British associated state)
- Governor - Sir Louis Cools-Lartigue, Governor of Dominica (1968–1979)
- Premier - Patrick John, Premier of Dominica (1974–1979)
- Dominican Republic
- President - Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (1966–1978)
- El Salvador
- President - Arturo Armando Molina, President of El Salvador (1972–1977)
- Grenada
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Leo de Gale, Governor-General of Grenada (1974–1978)
- Prime Minister - Eric Gairy, Prime Minister of Grenada (1967–1979)[23]
- Guatemala
- President - Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García, President of Guatemala (1974–1978)
- Haiti
- President - Jean-Claude Duvalier, President for Life of Haiti (1971–1986)
- Honduras
- Head of State -
- Oswaldo López Arellano, Head of State of Honduras (1972–1975)
- Juan Alberto Melgar Castro, Head of State of Honduras (1975–1978)
- Head of State -
- Jamaica
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
- Governor-General - Florizel Glasspole, Governor-General of Jamaica (1973–1991)
- Prime Minister - Michael Manley, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1972–1980)
- Mexico
- President - Luis Echeverría, President of Mexico (1970–1976)
- Montserrat (British crown colony)
- Governor - Norman Derek Matthews, Governor of Montserrat (1974–1976)
- Chief Minister - Percival Austin Bramble, Chief Minister of Montserrat (1970–1978)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor - Bernadito M. Leito, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1970–1983)
- Prime Minister - Juancho Evertsz, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1973–1977)
- Nicaragua
- President - Anastasio Somoza Debayle, President of Nicaragua (1974–1979)
- Panama
- De facto leader - Omar Torrijos, Commandant of the National Guard of Panama (1968–1981)
- President - Demetrio B. Lakas, President of Panama (1969–1978)
- Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (British associated state)
- Governor -
- Sir Milton Allan, Governor of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1969–1975)
- Sir Probyn Ellsworth-Innis, Governor of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1975–1981)
- Premier - Robert Bradshaw, Premier of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1966–1978)
- Governor -
- Saint Lucia (British associated state)
- Governor - Sir Allen Montgomery Lewis, Governor of Saint Lucia (1974–1980)
- Premier - John Compton, Premier of Saint Lucia (1964–1979)
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect -
- Jean Cluchard, Governor of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1974–1975)
- Jean Massendès, Governor of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1975–1977)
- President of the General Council - Albert Pen, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1968–1984)
- Prefect -
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (British associated state)
- Governor - Sir Rupert John, Governor of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1970–1976)
- Premier - Milton Cato, Premier of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1974–1984)
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Trinidad and Tobago (1962–1976)
- Governor-General - Sir Ellis Clarke, Governor-General of Trinidad and Tobago (1972–1987)[24]
- Prime Minister - Eric Williams, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1956–1981)[25]
- Turks and Caicos Islands (British crown colony)
- Governor -
- United States of America
- President - Gerald Ford, President of the United States (1974–1977)
- Panama Canal Zone (unincorporated territory of the United States)
- Governor -
- David Stuart Parker, Governor of the Panama Canal Zone (1971–1975)
- Harold Parfitt, Governor of the Panama Canal Zone (1975–1979)
- Governor -
- Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor - Rafael Hernández Colón, Governor of Puerto Rico (1973–1977)
- United States Virgin Islands (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor -
- Melvin H. Evans, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1969–1975)
- Cyril King, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1975–1978)
- Governor -
Oceania
- American Samoa (unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States)
- Governor -
- Frank Mockler, Acting Governor of American Samoa (1974–1975)
- Earl B. Ruth, Governor of American Samoa (1975–1976)
- Governor -
- Australia
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Sir John Kerr, Governor-General of Australia (1974–1977)
- Prime Minister -
- Gough Whitlam, Prime Minister of Australia (1972–1975)
- Malcolm Fraser, Prime Minister of Australia (1975–1983)
- Christmas Island (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator -
- Harry Webb, Administrator of Christmas Island (1974–1975)
- William Worth, Administrator of Christmas Island (1975–1977)
- Administrator -
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)
- Governor - John Cecil Clunies-Ross, Governor of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1947–1978)
- Administrator -
- C. McManus, Official representative of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1972–1975)
- Robert James Linford, Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1975–1977)
- Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
- Administrator -
- Edward Thomas Pickerd, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1972–1975)
- Charles Ivens Buffett, Acting Administrator of Norfolk Island (1975–1976)
- Head of Government - Richard Albert Bataille, President of the Island Council of Norfolk Island (1974–1976)
- Administrator -
- Ellice Islands (British crown colony)
- became a separate colony by seceding from Gilbert and Ellice Islands on 1 October 1975
- Commissioner - Thomas H. Laying, Commissioner of Ellice Islands (1975–1978)
- Chief Minister - Toaripi Lauti, Chief Minister of Ellice Islands (1975–1981)
- Fiji
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Fiji (1970–1987)
- Governor-General - Ratu Sir George Cakobau, Governor-General of Fiji (1973–1983)
- Prime Minister - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Prime Minister of Fiji (1967–1987)[26]
- French Polynesia (French overseas territory)
- Governor -
- Daniel Videau, Governor of French Polynesia (1973–1975)
- Charles Schmitt, Governor of French Polynesia (1975–1977)
- Governor -
- Gilbert Islands (British protectorate)
- Ellice Islands seceded from Gilbert and Ellice Islands on 1 October 1975
- Governor - John Hilary Smith, Governor of Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1973–1978)
- Chief Minister - Naboua Ratieta, Chief Minister of Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1974–1978)
- Guam (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor -
- Carlos Camacho, Governor of Guam (1969–1975)
- Ricardo Bordallo, Governor of Guam (1975–1979)
- Governor -
- Nauru
- President - Hammer DeRoburt, President of Nauru (1968–1976)
- New Caledonia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner - Gabriel Ériau, Governor of New Caledonia (1974–1978)
- New Hebrides (British-French condominium)
- British Resident Commissioner -
- Roger du Boulay (1973–1975)
- John Stuart Champion (1975–1978)
- French Resident Commissioner[27] - Robert Gauger (1974–1978)
- British Resident Commissioner -
- New Zealand
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Denis Blundell, Governor-General of New Zealand (1972–1977)
- Prime Minister -
- Bill Rowling, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1974–1975)
- Robert Muldoon, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1975–1984)
- Cook Islands (Associated state of New Zealand)
- Queen's Representative - Sir Gaven Donne, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (1975–1984)
- Prime Minister - Albert Henry, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1965–1978)
- Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
- Premier - Robert Rex, Premier of Niue (1974–1992)
- Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)
- Administrator -
- William Gray Thorp, Administrator of Tokelau (1973–1975)
- Frank Corner, Administrator of Tokelau (1975–1984)
- Administrator -
- Papua New Guinea
- the Territory of Papua and New Guinea gained independence on 16 September 1975
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
- Governor-General -
- Tom Critchley, High Commissioner of Papua and New Guinea (1974–1975)
- Sir John Guise, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1975–1977)
- Prime Minister - Michael Somare, Chief Minister of Papua and New Guinea (1972–1975), Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1975–1980)
- Republic of the North Solomons (unrecognized secessionist state)
- declared independence on 1 September 1975
- President - Alexis Sarei, President of North Solomons (1975–1976)
- Pitcairn Islands (British crown colony)
- Governor - Sir David Aubrey Scott, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1973–1975)
- Magistrate -
- Pervis Ferris Young, Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1967–1975)
- Ivan Christian, Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1975–1984)
- Solomon Islands (British protectorate)
- British Solomon Islands Protectorate changed name to Solomon Islands on 22 June 1975
- Governor - Donald Luddington, Governor of the Solomon Islands (1973–1976)
- Chief Minister - Solomon Mamaloni, Chief Minister of the Solomon Islands (1974–1976)
- Tonga
- Monarch - Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)[28]
- Prime Minister - Prince Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake, Prime Minister of Tonga (1965–1991)[28]
- Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (UN Trust Territory administered by the United States)
- High Commissioner - Edward E. Johnston, High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (1969–1976)
- Wallis and Futuna (French overseas territory)
- Administrator-Superior - Yves Arbellot-Repaire, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (1975–1976)
- President of the Territorial Assembly -
- Mikaele Folaumahina, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1972–1975)
- Soane Patita Lakina, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1975–1977)
- Western Samoa
- Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Western Samoa (1962–2007)
- Prime Minister -
South America
- Argentina
- President -
- Isabel Martínez de Perón, President of Argentina (1974–1976)
- Ítalo Argentino Lúder, Acting President of Argentina (1975)
- President -
- Bolivia
- President - Hugo Banzer, President of Bolivia (1971–1978)
- Brazil
- President - Ernesto Geisel, President of Brazil (1974–1979)
- Chile
- President - Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile (1974–1990)
- Colombia
- President - Alfonso López Michelsen, President of Colombia (1974–1978)
- Ecuador
- President - Guillermo Rodríguez, President of Ecuador (1972–1976)
- Falkland Islands (British crown colony)
- Governor -
- Sir Ernest Gordon Lewis, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1971–1975)
- Sir Neville Arthur Irwin French, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1975–1977)
- Governor -
- Guyana
- President - Arthur Chung, President of Guyana (1970–1980)
- Prime Minister - Forbes Burnham, Prime Minister of Guyana (1964–1980)[29]
- Paraguay
- President - Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954–1989)
- Peru
- Head of State -
- Prime Minister -
- Suriname
- Suriname, a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands gained independence on 25 November 1975
- President - Johan Ferrier, Governor-General of Suriname (1968–1975), President of Suriname (1975–1980)
- Prime Minister - Henck Arron, Prime Minister of Suriname (1973–1980)
- Uruguay
- President - Juan María Bordaberry, President of Uruguay (1972–1976)
- Venezuela
- President - Carlos Andrés Pérez, President of Venezuela (1974–1979)
References
- 1 2 In exile from November 1975.
- ↑ Titled Emperor Bokassa I after 1976.
- ↑ Chad only became independent in 1960.
- ↑ Name changed to Macías Nguema Biyogo Ñegue Ndong on 26 September 1975.
- ↑ Lesotho only became independent in 1966.
- ↑ Mauritius only became independent in 1968.
- ↑ Titled 'Officer Administering the Government' between 1965 and 1970.
- ↑ Swaziland only became independent in 1968, until when Sobhuza II was titled Paramount Chief of Swaziland.
- ↑ Swaziland only became independent in 1968.
- ↑ Julius Nyerere was President of Tanganyika from 1962 to 1964.
- ↑ Bahrain only became independent in 1971, until then the monarch was titled Hakim of Bahrain.
- ↑ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- ↑ Qatar only became independent in 1971.
- ↑ Singapore only became independent in 1965.
- ↑ William Gopallawa was titled Governor-General of Ceylon between 1962 and 1972 under the monarchy.
- ↑ President of the unified Vietnam from 1976 to 1980.
- ↑ Prime minister of the unified Vietnam from 1976 to 1987.
- ↑ Sir Anthony Mamo was titled Governor-General of Malta between 1971 and 1974 under the monarchy.
- ↑ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- ↑ The Bahamas only became independent in 1973.
- ↑ Barbados only became independent in 1966.
- ↑ The position Prime Minister of Cuba was abolished on 2 December 1976, but President of the Council of Ministers was created and it continued to be held by Fidel Castro.
- ↑ Grenada only became independent in 1974.
- ↑ Sir Ellis Clarke was titled President of Trinidad and Tobago between 1976 and 1987 after the abolishing of the monarchy.
- ↑ Trinidad and Tobago only became independent in 1962.
- ↑ Fiji only became independent in 1970, until when Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara was titled Chief Minister of Fiji.
- ↑ Subordinated to the Governor of New Caledonia.
- 1 2 Tonga only became independent in 1970.
- ↑ Guyana only became independent in 1966.
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