List of state leaders in 1960

See also
List of state leaders in 1959 Events of 1960 List of state leaders in 1961 State leaders by year List of sovereign states in 1960 List of governors of dependent territories

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1960.

Africa

Cameroon
- French Cameroons gained independence on 1 January 1960
- High Commissioner – Xavier Antoine Torré, High Commissioner of French Cameroun (1958–1960)
- President – Ahmadou Ahidjo, President of Cameroon (1960–1982)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Ahmadou Ahidjo, Prime Minister of Cameroun (1958–1960)
  2. Charles Assalé, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1960–1965)
Central African Republic
- Ubangi-Shari gained independence on 13 August 1960
- High Commissioner – Paul Bordier, High Commissioner of the Central African Republic (1958–1960)
- President – David Dacko, President of the Central African Republic (1960–1966)
- Prime Minister – David Dacko, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1959–1960)
Chad
- French Chad gained independence on 11 August 1960
- High Commissioner – Daniel Doustin, High Commissioner of Chad (1959–1960)
- Head of State – François Tombalbaye, Head of state of Chad (1960–1975)
- Prime Minister – François Tombalbaye, Prime Minister of Chad (1959–1975)
Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
- French Congo gained independence on 15 August 1960
- High Commissioner – Yvon Bourges, High Commissioner of French Equatorial Africa (1958–1960)
- President – Fulbert Youlou, President of Congo (Brazzaville) (1960–1963)
Congo–Léopoldville (Republic of the Congo)
- Belgian Congo gained independence on 30 June 1960
- Governor-General – Henri Cornelis, Governor-General of Belgian Congo (1958–1960)
- Head of State – Joseph Kasa-Vubu, Head of State of Congo (Léopoldville) (1960–1965)
- Head of Government –
  1. Patrice Lumumba, Prime Minister of Congo (Léopoldville) (1960)
  2. Joseph Iléo, Prime Minister of Congo (Léopoldville) (1960)
  3. Justin Marie Bomboko, Chairman of the Board of Commissioners-general of Congo (Léopoldville) (1960–1961)
- South Kasai (unrecognized secessionist state)
  - declared independence on 14 June 1960
  - President – Albert Kalonji, President of South Kasai (1960–1961)
  - Prime Minister – Joseph Ngalula, Prime Minister of South Kasai (1960–1961)
- Katanga (unrecognized secessionist state)
  - declared independence on 11 July 1960
  - President – Moise Tshombe, President of Katanga (1960–1963)
Dahomey
- French Dahomey gained independence on 1 August 1960
- High Commissioner – René Tirant, High Commissioner of Dahomey (1958–1960)
- Head of State – Hubert Maga, Head of State of Dahomey (1960–1963)
- Prime Minister – Hubert Maga, Prime Minister of Dahomey (1959–1960)
Ethiopia
- Monarch – Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974)^[1]
- Prime Minister –
  1. Abebe Aregai, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1957–1960)
  2. Imru Haile Selassie, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1960)
Gabon
- gained independence on 17 August 1960
- High Commissioner – Jean Risterucci, High Commissioner of Gabon (1959–1960)
- Head of State – Léon M'ba, Head of State of Gabon (1960–1964)
- Prime Minister – Léon M'ba, Prime Minister of Gabon (1957–1961)
Ghana
- Ghana was superseded by the Republic of Ghana on 1 July 1960
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Ghana (1957–1960)
- Governor-General – William Hare, Earl of Listowel, Governor-General of Ghana (1957–1960)
- President – Kwame Nkrumah, President of Ghana (1960–1966)
- Prime Minister – Kwame Nkrumah, Prime Minister of Ghana (1952–1960)^[2]
Guinea
- President – Ahmed Sékou Touré, President of Guinea (1958–1984)
Ivory Coast
- gained independence on 7 August 1960
- High Commissioner –
  1. Ernest de Nattes, High Commissioner of Ivory Coast (1957–1960)
  2. Yves Guéna, High Commissioner of Ivory Coast (1960)
- President – Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Ivory Coast (1960–1993)
- Prime Minister – Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Prime Minister of Ivory Coast (1959–1960)
Liberia
- President – William Tubman, President of Liberia (1944–1971)
Libya
- Monarch – Idris, King of Libya (1951–1969)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Abdul Majid Kubar, Prime Minister of Libya (1957–1960)
  2. Muhammad Osman Said, Prime Minister of Libya (1960–1963)
Malagasy Republic
- gained independence on 26 June 1960
- President – Philibert Tsiranana, President of the Malagasy Republic (1959–1972)
Mali
- the Sudanese Republic gained independence on 20 August 1960 with the dissolution of the Mali Federation and changed name to Republic of Mali on 22 September 1960
- Head of State – Modibo Keïta, Chief of State of Mali (1960–1968)
- Prime Minister – Modibo Keïta, Prime Minister of Mali (1959–1965)
Mali Federation
- gained independence on 20 June 1960 and dissolved on 20 August 1960 into Senegal and the Sudanese Republic (see under Mali)
- High Commissioner – Jean Charles Sicurani, High Commissioner of Mali Federation (1958–1960)
- Head of State – Modibo Keïta, Chief of State of Mali (1960)
- Prime Minister – Modibo Keïta, Prime Minister of Mali (1959–1960)
Mauritania
- Colonial Mauritania gained independence on 28 November 1960
- High Commissioner – Pierre Anthonioz, High Commissioner of Mauritania (1959–1960)
- Head of State – Moktar Ould Daddah, Acting Head of State of Mauritania (1960–1978)
- Prime Minister – Moktar Ould Daddah, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1957–1961)
Morocco
- Monarch – Mohammed V, King of Morocco (1955–1961)^[3]
- Prime Minister – Abdallah Ibrahim, President of the Council of Ministers of Morocco (1958–1960)
Niger
- the Colony of Niger gained independence on 3 August 1960
- High Commissioner – Yvon Bourges, High Commissioner of French Equatorial Africa (1958–1960)
- President – Hamani Diori, President of Niger (1960–1974)
- Prime Minister – Hamani Diori, Prime Minister of Niger (1958–1960)
Nigeria
- the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria gained independence on 1 October 1960
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Nigeria (1960–1963)
- Governor-General –
  1. Sir James Wilson Robertson, Governor-General of Nigeria (1955–1960)
  2. Nnamdi Azikiwe, Governor-General of Nigeria (1960–1966)^[4]
- Prime Minister – Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Prime Minister of Nigeria (1957–1966)
Senegal
- gained independence on 20 August 1960 with the dissolution of the Mali Federation
- High Commissioner – Pierre Lami, High Commissioner of Senegal (1957–1960)
- President – Léopold Sédar Senghor, President of Senegal (1960–1980)
- Prime Minister – Mamadou Dia, Prime Minister of Senegal (1957–1962)
Somalia
- British Somaliland gained independence on 26 June 1960 as the State of Somaliland and was joined by Italian Somalia on 1 July 1960 together becoming the Somali Republic
- Governor – Sir Douglas Hall, Governor of British Somaliland (1959–1960)
- Administrator – Mario Di Stefano, Administrator of Italian Somalia (1958–1960)
- President –
  1. Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, Prime Minister of Somaliland (de facto head of state) (1960)
  2. Aden Abdullah Osman Daar, President of Somalia (1960–1967)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Abdullahi Issa, Prime Minister of Italian Somalia (1956–1960)
  2. Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, Prime Minister of Somaliland (1960)
  3. Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, Prime Minister of Somalia (1960)
  4. Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, Prime Minister of Somalia (1960–1964)
South Africa
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of South Africa (1952–1961)
- Governor-General –
  1. Lucas Cornelius Steyn, Officer Administering the Government of South Africa (1959–1960)
  2. Charles Robberts Swart, Governor-General of South Africa (1960–1961)
- Prime Minister – Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime Minister of South Africa (1958–1966)
Sudan
- President – Ibrahim Abboud, President of Sudan (1958–1964)
- Prime Minister – Ibrahim Abboud, Prime Minister of Sudan (1958–1964)
Togo
- French Togoland gained independence on 27 April 1960
- High Commissioner – Georges Spénale, High Commissioner of Togo (1957–1960)
- President – Sylvanus Olympio, President of Togo (1960–1963)
- Prime Minister – Sylvanus Olympio, Prime Minister of Togo (1958–1961)
Tunisia
- President – Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia (1957–1987)
United Arab Republic
- President – Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of the United Arab Republic (1954–1970)^[5]
- Prime Minister – Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime Minister of the United Arab Republic (1954–1962)^[6]
Upper Volta
- gained independence on 5 August 1960
- High Commissioner – Paul Masson, High Commissioner of Upper Volta (1959–1960)
- President – Maurice Yaméogo, President of Upper Volta (1959–1966)

Asia

Afghanistan
- Monarch – Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (1933–1973)
- Prime Minister – Mohammed Daoud Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1953–1963)
Bhutan
- Monarch – Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1952–1972)
- Prime Minister – Jigme Palden Dorji, Prime Minister of Bhutan (1952–1964)
Burma
- President – Win Maung, President of Burma (1957–1962)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Ne Win, Prime Minister of Burma (1958–1960)
  2. U Nu, Prime Minister of Burma (1960–1962)
Cambodia
- Monarch – Norodom Suramarit, King of Cambodia (1955–1960)
- Head of State –
  1. Chuop Hell, Acting Head of State of Cambodia (1960)
  2. Prince Sisowath Monireth, Chairman of the Regency Council of Cambodia (1960)
  3. Chuop Hell, Acting Head of State of Cambodia (1960)
  4. Prince Norodom Sihanouk, Head of State of Cambodia (1960–1970)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Prince Norodom Sihanouk, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1958–1960)
  2. Pho Proeung, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1960–1961)
Ceylon
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Ceylon (1952–1972)
- Governor-General – Sir Oliver Ernest Goonetilleke, Governor-General of Ceylon (1954–1962)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Wijeyananda Dahanayake, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1959–1960)
  2. Dudley Senanayake, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1960)
  3. Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Ceylon (1960–1965)
China (People's Republic of China)
- Communist Party Leader – Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Communist Party of China (1935–1976)
- Head of State – Liu Shaoqi, Chairman of China (1959–1968)
- Premier – Zhou Enlai, Premier of the State Council of China (1949–1976)
India
- President – Rajendra Prasad, President of India (1950–1962)
- Prime Minister – Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India (1947–1964)
Indonesia
- President – Sukarno, President of Indonesia (1945–1967)
- Islamic State of Indonesia (unrecognized secessionist state)
  - Leader – Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwirjo, Imam of the Islamic State of Indonesia (1949–1962)
Iran
- Monarch – Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941–1979)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Manouchehr Eghbal, Prime Minister of Iran (1957–1960)
  2. Jafar Sharif-Emami, Prime Minister of Iran (1960–1961)
Iraq
- Head of State – Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i, Chairman of the Sovereignty Council of Iraq (1958–1963)
- Prime Minister – Abd al-Karim Qasim, Prime Minister of Iraq (1958–1963)
Israel
- President – Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, President of Israel (1952–1963)
- Prime Minister – David Ben-Gurion, Prime Minister of Israel (1955–1963)
Japan
- Monarch – Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Nobusuke Kishi, Prime Minister of Japan (1957–1960)
  2. Hayato Ikeda, Prime Minister of Japan (1960–1964)
Jordan
- Monarch – Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Hazza` al-Majali, Prime Minister of Jordan (1959–1960)
  2. Bahjat Talhouni, Prime Minister of Jordan (1960–1962)
North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Communist Party Leader – Kim Il-sung, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party (1949–1994)
- Head of State – Choi Yong-kun, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1957–1972)
- Prime Minister – Kim Il-sung, Prime Minister of the Cabinet of North Korea (1946–1972)^[7]
South Korea (Republic of Korea)
- the First Republic of South Korea was superseded by the Second Republic of South Korea on 19 April 1960
- President –
  1. Syngman Rhee, President of South Korea (1948–1960)
  2. Heo Jeong, Acting President of South Korea (1960)
  3. Yun Bo-seon, President of South Korea (1960–1962)
- Prime Minister-
  1. Heo Jeong, Prime Minister of South Korea (1960)
  2. Chang Myon, Prime Minister of South Korea (1960–1961)
Laos
- Monarch – Savang Vatthana, King of Laos (1959–1975)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Sounthone Pathammavong, Prime Minister of Laos (1959–1960)
  2. Kou Abhay, Prime Minister of Laos (1960)
  3. Prince Somsanith Vongkotrattana, Prime Minister of Laos (1960)
  4. Prince Souvanna Phouma, Prime Minister of Laos (1960)
  5. Prince Boun Oum, Prime Minister of Laos (1960–1962)
Lebanon
- President – Fuad Chehab, President of Lebanon (1958–1964)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Rashid Karami, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1958–1960)
  2. Ahmed Daouk, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1960)
  3. Saeb Salam, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1960–1961)
Malaya
- Monarch –
  1. Tuanku Abdul Rahman, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaya (1957–1960)
  2. Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaya (1960)
  3. Tuanku Syed Putra, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaya (1960–1965)
- Prime Minister – Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of Malaya (1955–1970)^[8]
Mongolia
- Communist Party Leader – Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1958–1984)
- Head of State – Jamsrangiin Sambuu, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural of Mongolia (1954–1972)
- Premier – Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1952–1974)
Muscat and Oman
- Monarch – Said Bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1932–1970)
Nepal
- Monarch – Mahendra, King of Nepal (1955–1972)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala, Prime Minister of Nepal (1959–1960)
  2. Tulsi Giri, Prime Minister of Nepal (1960–1963)
Pakistan
- President – Ayub Khan, President of Pakistan (1958–1969)
Philippines
- President – Carlos P. Garcia, President of the Philippines (1957–1961)
Saudi Arabia
- Monarch – Saud, King of Saudi Arabia (1953–1964)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Crown Prince Faisal, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1954–1960)
  2. Saud, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1960–1962)
Suvadive Islands (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President – Abdullah Afeef, President of the Suvadive Islands (1959–1963)
Taiwan (Republic of China)
- President – Chiang Kai-shek, President of Taiwan (1950–1975)
- Premier – Chen Cheng, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1958–1963)
Thailand
- Monarch – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
- Prime Minister – Sarit Thanarat, Prime Minister of Thailand (1958–1963)
Turkey
- Head of State –
  1. Celâl Bayar, President of Turkey (1950–1960)
  2. Cemal Gürsel, Head of State of Turkey (1960–1966)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Adnan Menderes, Prime Minister of Turkey (1950–1960)
  2. Cemal Gürsel, Prime Minister of Turkey (1960–1961)
North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
- Communist Party Leader –
  1. Hồ Chí Minh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1956–1960)
  2. Lê Duẩn, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1960–1986)
- President – Hồ Chí Minh, President of North Vietnam (1945–1969)
- Premier – Phạm Văn Đồng, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of North Vietnam (1955–1987)^[9]
South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam)
- President – Ngô Đình Diệm, President of South Vietnam (1955–1963)
Yemen
- Monarch – Ahmad bin Yahya, King of Yemen (1955–1962)

Europe

Albania
- Communist Party Leader – Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985)
- Head of State – Haxhi Lleshi, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1953–1982)
- Premier – Mehmet Shehu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1954–1981)
Andorra
- Monarchs –
  - French Co-Prince – Charles de Gaulle, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1959–1969)
    - Co-Prince's Representative – Jean Lafon de Lageneste (1958–1961)
  - Episcopal Co-Prince – Ramon Iglesias i Navarri, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1943–1969)
    - Co-Prince's Representative – Jaume Sansa Nequí (1937–1972)
- First Syndic –
  1. Francesc Cairat Freixes, First Syndic of Andorra (1937–1960)
  2. Julià Reig Ribó, First Syndic of Andorra (1960–1966)
Austria
- President – Adolf Schärf, Federal President of Austria (1957–1965)
- Chancellor – Julius Raab, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1953–1961)
Belgium
- Monarch – Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
- Prime Minister – Gaston Eyskens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1958–1961)
Bulgaria
- Communist Party Leader – Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989)
- Head of State – Dimitar Ganev, Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly of Bulgaria (1958–1964)
- Premier – Anton Yugov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1956–1962)
Cyprus
- British Cyprus gained independence on 16 August 1960
- Governor – Sir Hugh Foot, Governor of Cyprus (1957–1960)
- President – Archbishop Makarios III, President of Cyprus (1960–1974)
Czechoslovakia
- the Czechoslovak Republic changed name to Czechoslovak Socialist Republic on 11 July 1960
- Communist Party Leader – Antonín Novotný, First Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1953–1968)
- President – Antonín Novotný, President of Czechoslovakia (1957–1968)
- Prime Minister – Viliam Široký, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1953–1963)
Denmark
- Monarch – Frederick IX, King of Denmark (1947–1972)
- Prime Minister –
  1. H. C. Hansen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1955–1960)
  2. Viggo Kampmann, Prime Minister of Denmark (1960–1962)
Finland
- President – Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland (1956–1981)
- Prime Minister – V. J. Sukselainen, Prime Minister of Finland (1959–1961)
France
- President – Charles de Gaulle, President of France (1959–1969)
- Prime Minister – Michel Debré, Prime Minister of France (1959–1962)
East Germany (German Democratic Republic)
- Communist Party Leader – Walter Ulbricht, First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1950–1971)
- Head of State –
  1. Wilhelm Pieck, President of East Germany (1949–1960)
  2. Johannes Dieckmann, Acting President of East Germany (1960)
  3. Walter Ulbricht, Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1960–1973)
- Premier – Otto Grotewohl, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1949–1964)
West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)
- President – Heinrich Lübke, Federal President of West Germany (1959–1969)
- Chancellor – Konrad Adenauer, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1949–1963)
- West Berlin (Western Allies-occupied free city)
  - Governing Mayor – Willy Brandt, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1957–1966)
Greece
- Monarch – Paul, King of the Hellenes (1947–1964)
- Prime Minister – Konstantinos Karamanlis, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1958–1961)
Hungary
- Communist Party Leader – János Kádár, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1956–1988)
- Head of State – István Dobi, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1952–1967)
- Premier – Ferenc Münnich, President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1958–1961)
Iceland
- President – Ásgeir Ásgeirsson, President of Iceland (1952–1968)
- Prime Minister – Ólafur Thors, Prime Minister of Iceland (1959–1963)
Ireland
- President – Éamon de Valera, President of Ireland (1959–1973)
- Prime Minister – Seán Lemass, Taoiseach of Ireland (1959–1966)
Italy
- President – Giovanni Gronchi, President of Italy (1955–1962)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Antonio Segni, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1959–1960)
  2. Fernando Tambroni, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1960)
  3. Amintore Fanfani, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1960–1963)
Liechtenstein
- Monarch – Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
- Prime Minister – Alexander Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1945–1962)
Luxembourg
- Monarch – Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)^[10]
- Prime Minister – Pierre Werner, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1959–1974)
Monaco
- Monarch – Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Head of Government – Émile Pelletier, Minister of State of Monaco (1959–1962)
Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch – Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands (1948–1980)
- The Netherlands (constituent country)
  - Prime Minister – Jan de Quay, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1959–1963)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
  - Governor – Antonius B. Speekenbrink, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1957–1961)
  - Prime Minister – Efraïn Jonckheer, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1954–1968)
- Suriname (constituent country)
  - Governor-General – Jan van Tilburg, Governor-General of Suriname (1956–1963)
  - Prime Minister – Severinus Désiré Emanuels, Prime Minister of Suriname (1958–1963)
Norway
- Monarch – Olav V, King of Norway (1957–1991)
- Prime Minister – Einar Gerhardsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1955–1963)
Poland
- Communist Party Leader – Władysław Gomułka, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1956–1970)
- Head of State – Aleksander Zawadzki, Chairman of the Council of State of Poland (1952–1964)
- Premier – Józef Cyrankiewicz, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1954–1970)
Portugal
- President – Américo Tomás, President of Portugal (1958–1974)
- Premier – António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal (1932–1968)
Romania
- Communist Party Leader – Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, First Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party (1955–1965)
- Head of State – Ion Gheorghe Maurer, Chairman of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly of Romania (1958–1961)
- Premier – Chivu Stoica, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1955–1961)
San Marino
- Captains Regent
  1. Giuseppe Forcellini and Ferruccio Piva, Captains Regent of San Marino (1959–1960)
  2. Alvaro Casali and Gino Vannucci, Captains Regent of San Marino (1960)
  3. Eugenio Reffi and Pietro Giancecchi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1960–1961)
Soviet Union
- Communist Party Leader – Nikita Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1953–1964)
- Head of State –
  1. Kliment Voroshilov, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1953–1960)
  2. Leonid Brezhnev, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1960–1964)
- Premier – Nikita Khrushchev, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1958–1964)
Spain
- Head of State – Francisco Franco, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975)
- Prime Minister – Francisco Franco, President of the Government of Spain (1938–1973)
Sweden
- Monarch – Gustaf VI Adolf, King of Sweden (1950–1973)
- Prime Minister – Tage Erlander, Prime Minister of Sweden (1946–1969)
Switzerland
- Federal Council:^[11]
  Max Petitpierre (1944–1961, President), Paul Chaudet (1954–1966), Friedrich Traugott Wahlen (1958–1965), Jean Bourgknecht (1959–1962), Willy Spühler (1959–1970), Ludwig von Moos (1959–1971), Hans-Peter Tschudi (1959–1973)
United Kingdom
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
- Prime Minister – Harold Macmillan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1957–1963)
Vatican City
- Monarch – Pope John XXIII, Sovereign of Vatican City (1958–1963)
- President of the Governorate – Cardinal Nicola Canali, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1939–1961)
- Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
  - Secretary of State – Cardinal Domenico Tardini, Cardinal Secretary of State (1952–1961)
Yugoslavia
- Communist Party leader – Josip Broz Tito, General Secretary of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1936–1980)
- President – Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia (1953–1980)
- Premier – Josip Broz Tito, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1943–1963)

North America

Canada
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
- Governor General – Georges Vanier, Governor General of Canada (1959–1967)
- Prime Minister – John Diefenbaker, Prime Minister of Canada (1957–1963)
Costa Rica
- President – Mario Echandi Jiménez, President of Costa Rica (1958–1962)
Cuba
- President – Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado, President of Cuba (1959–1976)
- Prime Minister – Fidel Castro, Prime Minister of Cuba (1959–2008)^[12]
Dominican Republic
- De facto Head of State – Rafael Trujillo, de facto ruler of the Dominican Republic (1930–1961)
- President –
  1. Héctor Trujillo, President of the Dominican Republic (1952–1960)
  2. Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (1960–1962)
El Salvador
- Head of State –
  1. José María Lemus, President of El Salvador (1956–1960)
  2. Junta of Government, Head of State of El Salvador (1960–1961)
Guatemala
- President – Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes, President of Guatemala (1958–1963)
Haiti
- President – François Duvalier, President of Haiti (1957–1971)
Honduras
- President – Ramón Villeda Morales, President of Honduras (1957–1963)
Mexico
- President – Adolfo López Mateos, President of Mexico (1958–1964)
Nicaragua
- President – Luis Somoza Debayle, President of Nicaragua (1956–1963)
Panama
- President –
  1. Ernesto de la Guardia, President of Panama (1956–1960)
  2. Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón, President of Panama (1960–1964)
United States of America
- President – Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States (1953–1961)

Oceania

Australia
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
- Governor-General –
  1. Sir William Slim, Governor-General of Australia (1953–1960)
  2. William Morrison, Viscount Dunrossil, Governor-General of Australia (1960–1961)
- Prime Minister – Robert Menzies, Prime Minister of Australia (1949–1966)
New Zealand
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
- Governor-General – Charles Lyttelton, Viscount Cobham, Governor-General of New Zealand (1957–1962)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Walter Nash, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1957–1960)
  2. Keith Holyoake, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1960–1972)

South America

Argentina
- President – Arturo Frondizi, President of Argentina (1958–1962)
Bolivia
- President –
  1. Hernán Siles Zuazo, President of Bolivia (1956–1960)
  2. Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President of Bolivia (1960–1964)
Brazil
- President – Juscelino Kubitschek, President of Brazil (1956–1961)
Chile
- President – Jorge Alessandri, President of Chile (1958–1964)
Colombia
- President – Alberto Lleras Camargo, President of Colombia (1958–1962)
Ecuador –
- President –
  1. Camilo Ponce Enríquez, President of Ecuador (1956–1960)
  2. José María Velasco Ibarra, President of Ecuador (1960–1961)
Paraguay
- President – Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954–1989)
Peru
- President – Manuel Prado Ugarteche, President of Peru (1956–1962)
- Prime Minister – Pedro Gerardo Beltrán Espantoso, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1959–1961)
Uruguay
- Head of State –
  1. Martín Echegoyen, President of the National Council of Government of Uruguay (1959–1960)
  2. Benito Nardone, President of the National Council of Government of Uruguay (1960–1961)
Venezuela
- President – Rómulo Betancourt, President of Venezuela (1959–1964)

References

↑ In exile between 1936 and 1941.
↑ Ghana only became independent in 1957.
↑ Morocco only became independent in 1956.
↑ Nnamdi Azikiwe was titled President of Nigeria between 1963 and 1966, after the abolition of the monarchy.
↑ Gamal Abdel Nasser was President of Egypt 1954–1958 and 1961–1970.
↑ Gamal Abdel Nasser was Prime Minister of Egypt 1954–1958 and 1961–1962.
↑ North Korea only became independent in 1948.
↑ Malaya only became independent in 1957.
↑ Prime minister of Vietnam from 1976 to 1987.
↑ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
↑ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
↑ The position Prime Minister of Cuba was abolished on 2 December 1976, but President of the Council of Ministers was created and it continued to be held by Fidel Castro.

External links

State leaders by year of the 20th century

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