List of state leaders in 1957

See also
List of state leaders in 1956 Events of 1957 List of state leaders in 1958 State leaders by year List of sovereign states in 1957 List of governors of dependent territories

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1957.

Africa

Egypt
- President - Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of Egypt (1954–1970)^[1]
- Prime Minister - Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime Minister of Egypt (1954–1962)^[2]
Ethiopia
- Monarch - Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974)^[3]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Makonnen Endelkachew, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1942–1957)
  2. Abebe Aregai, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1957–1960)
Ghana
- Gold Coast gained independence on 6 March 1957
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Ghana (1957–1960)
- Governor-General -
  1. Sir Charles Noble Arden-Clarke, Governor of the Gold Coast (1949–1957), Governor-General of Ghana (1957)
  2. William Hare, Earl of Listowel, Governor-General of Ghana (1957–1960)
- Prime Minister - Kwame Nkrumah, Prime Minister of Ghana (1952–1960)
Liberia
- President - William Tubman, President of Liberia (1944–1971)
Libya
- Monarch - Idris, King of Libya (1951–1969)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Mustafa Ben Halim, Prime Minister of Libya (1954–1957)
  2. Abdul Majid Kubar, Prime Minister of Libya (1957–1960)
Morocco
- Monarch - Mohammed V, King of Morocco^[4] (1955–1961)^[5]
- Prime Minister - Mbarek Bekkay, President of the Council of Ministers of Morocco (1955–1958)^[5]
South Africa
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of South Africa (1952–1961)
- Governor-General - Ernest George Jansen, Governor-General of South Africa (1951–1959)
- Prime Minister - Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom, Prime Minister of South Africa (1954–1958)
Sudan
- Head of State - Sovereignty Council, Head of State of Sudan (1956–1958)
- Prime Minister - Abdallah Khalil, Prime Minister of Sudan (1956–1958)
Tunisia
- Kingdom of Tunisia superseded by the Republic of Tunisia on 25 July 1957
- Monarch - Muhammad VIII al-Amin, King of Tunisia (1943–1957)^[6]
- President - Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia (1957–1987)
- Prime Minister - Habib Bourguiba, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1956–1957)

Asia

Afghanistan
- Monarch - Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (1933–1973)
- Prime Minister - Mohammed Daoud Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1953–1963)
Bhutan
- Monarch - Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1952–1972)
- Prime Minister - Jigme Palden Dorji, Prime Minister of Bhutan (1952–1964)
Burma
- President -
  1. Ba U, President of Burma (1952–1957)
  2. Win Maung, President of Burma (1957–1962
- Prime Minister -
  1. Ba Swe, Prime Minister of Burma (1956–1957)
  2. U Nu, Prime Minister of Burma (1957–1958)
Cambodia
- Monarch - Norodom Suramarit, King of Cambodia (1955–1960)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Sam Yun, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1956–1957)
  2. Prince Norodom Sihanouk, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1957)
  3. Sim Var, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1957–1958)
Ceylon
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Ceylon (1952–1972)
- Governor-General - Sir Oliver Ernest Goonetilleke, Governor-General of Ceylon (1954–1962)
- Prime Minister - S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1956–1959)
China (People's Republic of China)
- Communist Party Leader - Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Communist Party of China (1935–1976)
- Head of State - Mao Zedong, Chairman of China (1949–1959)
- Premier - Zhou Enlai, Premier of the State Council of China (1949–1976)
India
- President - Rajendra Prasad, President of India (1950–1962)
- Prime Minister - Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India (1947–1964)
Indonesia
- President - Sukarno, President of Indonesia (1945–1967)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Ali Sastroamidjojo, Prime Minister of Indonesia (1956–1957)
  2. Djuanda Kartawidjaja, Prime Minister of Indonesia (1957–1959)
- Islamic State of Indonesia (unrecognized secessionist state)
  - Leader - Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwirjo, Imam of the Islamic State of Indonesia (1949–1962)
Iran
- Monarch - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941–1979)
- Prime Minister
  1. Hossein Ala', Prime Minister of Iran (1955–1957)
  2. Manouchehr Eghbal, Prime Minister of Iran (1957–1960)
Iraq
- Monarch - Faisal II, King of Iraq (1939–1958)
- Prime Minister
  1. Nuri as-Said, Prime Minister of Iraq (1954–1957)
  2. Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi, Prime Minister of Iraq (1957)
  3. Abdul-Wahab Mirjan, Prime Minister of Iraq (1957–1958)
Israel
- President - Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, President of Israel (1952–1963)
- Prime Minister - David Ben-Gurion, Prime Minister of Israel (1955–1963)
Japan
- Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Tanzan Ishibashi, Prime Minister of Japan (1956–1957)
  2. Nobusuke Kishi, Prime Minister of Japan (1957–1960)
Jordan -
- Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Suleiman Nabulsi, Prime Minister of Jordan (1956–1957)
  2. Abdelhalim al-Nimr, Prime Minister of Jordan (1957)
  3. Husayn al-Khalidi, Prime Minister of Jordan (1957)
  4. Ibrahim Hashem, Prime Minister of Jordan (1957–1958)
North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sung, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party (1949–1994)
- Head of State -
  1. Kim Tu-bong, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1947–1957)^[7]
  2. Choi Yong-kun, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1957–1972)
- Prime Minister - Kim Il-sung, Prime Minister of the Cabinet of North Korea (1946–1972)^[7]
South Korea (Republic of Korea)
- President - Syngman Rhee, President of South Korea (1948–1960)
Laos
- Monarch - Sisavang Vong, King of Laos (1946–1959)^[8]
- Prime Minister - Prince Souvanna Phouma, Prime Minister of Laos (1956–1958)
Lebanon
- President - Camille Chamoun, President of Lebanon (1952–1958)
- Prime Minister - Sami as-Solh, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1956–1958)
Malaya
- gained independence on 31 August 1957
- High Commissioner - Sir Donald MacGillivray, High Commissioner to Malaya (1954–1957)
- Monarch - Tuanku Abdul Rahman, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaya (1957–1960)
- Prime Minister - Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of Malaya (1955–1970)
Mongolia
- Communist Party Leader - Dashiin Damba, First secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1954–1958)
- Head of State - Jamsrangiin Sambuu, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Great Hural of Mongolia (1954–1972)
- Premier - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1952–1974)
Muscat and Oman
- Monarch - Said Bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1932–1970)
Nepal
- Monarch - Mahendra, King of Nepal (1955–1972)
- Prime Minister
  1. Tanka Prasad Acharya, Prime Minister of Nepal (1956–1957)
  2. Kunwar Inderjit Singh, Prime Minister of Nepal (1957–1958)
Pakistan
- President - Iskander Mirza, President of Pakistan (1955–1958)^[9]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1956–1957)
  2. Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1957)
  3. Feroz Khan Noon, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1957–1958)
Philippines
- President -
  1. Ramon Magsaysay, President of the Philippines (1953–1957)
  2. Carlos P. Garcia, President of the Philippines (1957–1961)
Saudi Arabia
- Monarch - Saud, King of Saudi Arabia (1953–1964)
- Prime Minister - Crown Prince Faisal, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1954–1960)
Syria
- President - Shukri al-Quwatli, President of Syria (1955–1958)
- Prime Minister - Sabri al-Assali, Prime Minister of Syria (1956–1958)
Taiwan (Republic of China)
- President - Chiang Kai-shek, President of Taiwan (1950–1975)
- Premier - Yu Hung-Chun, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1954–1958)
Thailand
- Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
- Prime Minister
  1. Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Prime Minister of Thailand (1948–1957)
  2. Pote Sarasin, Prime Minister of Thailand (1957–1958)
Turkey
- President - Celâl Bayar, President of Turkey (1950–1960)
- Prime Minister - Adnan Menderes, Prime Minister of Turkey (1950–1960)
North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
- Communist Party Leader - Hồ Chí Minh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1956–1960)
- President - Hồ Chí Minh, President of North Vietnam (1945–1969)
- Premier - Phạm Văn Đồng, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of North Vietnam (1955–1987)^[10]
South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam)
- President - Ngô Đình Diệm, President of South Vietnam (1955–1963)
Yemen
- Monarch - Ahmad bin Yahya, King of Yemen (1955–1962)

Europe

Albania
- Communist Party Leader - Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985)
- Head of State - Haxhi Lleshi, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1953–1982)
- Premier - Mehmet Shehu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1954–1981)
Andorra
- Monarchs -
  - French Co-Prince - René Coty, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1954–1959)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Yves Michel (1956–1958)
  - Episcopal Co-Prince - Ramon Iglesias i Navarri, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1943–1969)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Jaume Sansa Nequí (1937–1972)
- First Syndic - Francesc Cairat Freixes, First Syndic of Andorra (1937–1960)
Austria
- President -
  1. Theodor Körner, Federal President of Austria (1951–1957)
  2. Julius Raab, Acting Federal President of Austria (1957)
  3. Adolf Schärf, Federal President of Austria (1957–1965)
- Chancellor - Julius Raab, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1953–1961)
Belgium
- Monarch - Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
- Prime Minister - Achille Van Acker, Prime Minister of Belgium (1954–1958)
Bulgaria
- Communist Party Leader - Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989)
- Head of State - Georgi Damyanov, Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly of Bulgaria (1950–1958)
- Premier - Anton Yugov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1956–1962)
Czechoslovakia
- Communist Party Leader - Antonín Novotný, First Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1953–1968)
- President -
  1. Antonín Zápotocký, President of Czechoslovakia (1953–1957)
  2. Viliam Široký, Acting President of Czechoslovakia (1957)
  3. Antonín Novotný, President of Czechoslovakia (1957–1968)
- Prime Minister - Viliam Široký, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1953–1963)
Denmark
- Monarch - Frederick IX, King of Denmark (1947–1972)
- Prime Minister - H. C. Hansen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1955–1960)
Finland
- President - Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland (1956–1981)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Karl-August Fagerholm, Prime Minister of Finland (1956–1957)
  2. V. J. Sukselainen, Prime Minister of Finland (1957)
  3. Rainer von Fieandt, Prime Minister of Finland (1957–1958)
France
- President - René Coty, President of France (1954–1959)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Guy Mollet, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1956–1957)
  2. Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1957)
  3. Félix Gaillard, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1957–1958)
East Germany (German Democratic Republic)
- Communist Party Leader - Walter Ulbricht, First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1950–1971)
- President - Wilhelm Pieck, President of East Germany (1949–1960)
- Premier - Otto Grotewohl, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1949–1964)
West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)
- President - Theodor Heuss, Federal President of West Germany (1949–1959)
- Chancellor - Konrad Adenauer, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1949–1963)
- West Berlin (Western Allies-occupied free city)
  - Governing Mayor -
    1. Otto Suhr, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1955–1957)
    2. Willy Brandt, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1957–1966)
Greece
- Monarch - Paul, King of the Hellenes (1947–1964)
- Prime Minister - Konstantinos Karamanlis, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1955–1958)
Hungary
- Communist Party Leader - János Kádár, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1956–1988)
- Head of State - István Dobi, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1952–1967)
- Premier - János Kádár, President of the Revolutionary Workers' and Peasants' Government of Hungary (1956–1958)
Iceland
- President - Ásgeir Ásgeirsson, President of Iceland (1952–1968)
- Prime Minister - Hermann Jónasson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1956–1958)
Ireland
- President - Seán T. O'Kelly, President of Ireland (1945–1959)
- Prime Minister -
  1. John A. Costello, Taoiseach of Ireland (1954–1957)
  2. Éamon de Valera, Taoiseach of Ireland (1957–1959)
Italy
- President - Giovanni Gronchi, President of Italy (1955–1962)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Antonio Segni, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1955–1957)
  2. Adone Zoli, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1957–1958)
Liechtenstein
- Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
- Prime Minister - Alexander Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1945–1962)
Luxembourg
- Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)^[11]
- Prime Minister - Joseph Bech, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1953–1958)
Monaco
- Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Head of Government - Henry Soum, Minister of State of Monaco (1953–1959)
Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch - Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands (1948–1980)
- Netherlands (constituent country)
  - Prime Minister - Willem Drees, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1948–1958)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
  - Governor -
    1. Frans E.J. van der Valk, Acting Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1956–1957)
    2. Antonius B. Speekenbrink, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1957–1961)
  - Prime Minister - Efraïn Jonckheer, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1954–1968)
- Suriname (constituent country)
  - Governor-General - Jan van Tilburg, Governor-General of Suriname (1956–1963)
  - Prime Minister - Johan Ferrier, Prime Minister of Suriname (1955–1958)
Norway
- Monarch -
  1. Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)^[11]
  2. Olav V, King of Norway (1957–1991)
- Regent - Crown Prince Olav, Regent of Norway (1955–1957)
- Prime Minister - Einar Gerhardsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1955–1963)
Poland
- Communist Party Leader - Władysław Gomułka, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1956–1970)
- Head of State - Aleksander Zawadzki, Chairman of the Council of State of Poland (1952–1964)
- Premier - Józef Cyrankiewicz, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1954–1970)
Portugal
- President - Francisco Craveiro Lopes, President of Portugal (1951–1958)
- Premier - António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal (1932–1968)
Romania
- Communist Party Leader - Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, First Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party (1955–1965)
- Head of State - Petru Groza, Chairman of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly of Romania (1952–1958)
- Premier - Chivu Stoica, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1955–1961)
San Marino
- Captains Regent -
  1. Mariano Ceccoli and Eugenio Bernardini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1956–1957)
  2. Giordano Giacomini and Primo Marani, Captains Regent of San Marino (1957)
  3. Federico Bigi + Alvaro Casali + Pietro Giancecchi + Zaccaria Giovanni Savoretti, Provisional Government of San Marino (1957)
  4. Marino Valdes Franciosi and Federico Micheloni, Captains Regent of San Marino (1957–1958)
Soviet Union
- Communist Party Leader - Nikita Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1953–1964)
- Head of State - Kliment Voroshilov, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1953–1960)
- Premier - Nikolai Bulganin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1955–1958)
Spain
- Head of State - Francisco Franco, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975)
- Prime Minister - Francisco Franco, President of the Government of Spain (1938–1973)
Sweden
- Monarch - Gustaf VI Adolf, King of Sweden (1950–1973)
- Prime Minister - Tage Erlander, Prime Minister of Sweden (1946–1969)
Switzerland
- Federal Council:^[12]
  Philipp Etter (1934–1959), Max Petitpierre (1944–1961), Markus Feldmann (1951–1958), Hans Streuli (1953–1959, President), Paul Chaudet (1954–1966), Giuseppe Lepori (1954–1959), Thomas Holenstein (1955–1959)
United Kingdom
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Sir Anthony Eden, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1955–1957)
  2. Harold Macmillan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1957–1963)
Vatican City
- Monarch - Pope Pius XII, Sovereign of Vatican City (1939–1958)
- President of the Governorate - Cardinal Nicola Canali, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1939–1961)
- Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
  - Secretary of State - Domenico Tardini, Pro-Secretary of State (1952–1961)
Yugoslavia
- Communist Party leader - Josip Broz Tito, General Secretary of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1936–1980)
- President - Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia (1953–1980)
- Premier - Josip Broz Tito, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1943–1963)

North America

Canada
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
- Governor General - Vincent Massey, Governor General of Canada (1952–1959)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Louis St. Laurent, Prime Minister of Canada (1948–1957)
  2. John Diefenbaker, Prime Minister of Canada (1957–1963)
Costa Rica
- President - José Figueres Ferrer, President of Costa Rica (1953–1958)
Cuba
- President - Fulgencio Batista, President of Cuba (1952–1959)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Jorge García Montes, Prime Minister of Cuba (1955–1957)
  2. Andrés Rivero Agüero, Prime Minister of Cuba (1957–1958)
Dominican Republic
- De facto Head of State - Rafael Trujillo, de facto ruler of the Dominican Republic (1930–1961)
- President - Héctor Trujillo, President of the Dominican Republic (1952–1960)
El Salvador
- President - José María Lemus, President of El Salvador (1956–1960)
Guatemala
- President -
  1. Carlos Castillo Armas, President of Guatemala (1954–1957)
  2. Luis Arturo González López, Acting President of Guatemala (1957)
  3. Óscar Mendoza Azurdia, Chairman of the Military Junta of Guatemala (1957)
  4. Guillermo Flores Avendaño, Acting President of Guatemala (1957–1958)
Haiti
- Head of State -
  1. Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis, Provisional President of Haiti (1956–1957)
  2. Franck Sylvain, Provisional President of Haiti (1957)
  3. Léon Cantave, Army Chief of General Staff of Haiti (1957)
  4. Executive Government Council, President of Haiti (1957)
  5. Léon Cantave, Army Chief of General Staff of Haiti (1957)
  6. Daniel Fignolé, Provisional President of Haiti (1957)
  7. Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau, Chairman of the Military Council of Haiti (1957)
  8. François Duvalier, President of Haiti (1957–1971)
Honduras
- President -
  1. Military Government Council, President of Honduras (1956–1957)
  2. Ramón Villeda Morales, President of Honduras (1957–1963)
Mexico
- President - Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, President of Mexico (1952–1958)
Nicaragua
- President - Luis Somoza Debayle, President of Nicaragua (1956–1963)
Panama
- President - Ernesto de la Guardia, President of Panama (1956–1960)
United States of America
- President - Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States (1953–1961)

Oceania

Australia
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Sir William Slim, Governor-General of Australia (1953–1960)
- Prime Minister - Robert Menzies, Prime Minister of Australia (1949–1966)
New Zealand
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
- Governor-General -
  1. Sir Willoughby Norrie, Governor-General of New Zealand (1952–1957)
  2. Sir Harold Eric Barrowclough, Administrator of the Government of New Zealand (1957)
  3. Charles Lyttelton, Viscount Cobham, Governor-General of New Zealand (1957–1962)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Sidney Holland, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1949–1957)
  2. Keith Holyoake, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1957)
  3. Walter Nash, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1957–1960)

South America

Argentina
- President - Pedro Eugenio Aramburu, President of Argentina (1955–1958)
Bolivia
- President - Hernán Siles Zuazo, President of Bolivia (1956–1960)
Brazil
- President - Juscelino Kubitschek, President of Brazil (1956–1961)
Chile
- President - Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, President of Chile (1952–1958)
Colombia
- Head of State -
  1. Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, President of Colombia (1953–1957)
  2. Gabriel París Gordillo, Chairman of the Military Junta of Colombia (1957–1958)
Ecuador
- President - Camilo Ponce Enríquez, President of Ecuador (1956–1960)
Paraguay
- President - Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954–1989)
Peru
- President - Manuel Prado Ugarteche, President of Peru (1956–1962)
- Prime Minister - Manuel Cisneros Sánchez, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1956–1958)
Uruguay
- Head of State -
  1. Alberto Fermín Zubiría, President of the National Council of Government of Uruguay (1956–1957)
  2. Arturo Lezama, President of the National Council of Government of Uruguay (1957–1958)
Venezuela
- President - Marcos Pérez Jiménez, President of Venezuela (1952–1958)

References

↑ Gamal Abdel Nasser was President of the United Arab Republic 1958-1961.
↑ Gamal Abdel Nasser was Prime Minister of the United Arab Republic 1958-1961.
↑ In exile between 1936 and 1941.
↑ The monarch's title changed from Sultan to King on 14 August 1957.
1 2 Morocco only became independent in 1956.
↑ Tunisia only became independent in 1956.
1 2 North Korea only became independent in 1948.
↑ Laos only became independent in 1953.
↑ Iskander Mirza was titled Governor-General of Pakistan between 1955 and 1956, under the monarchy.
↑ Prime minister of Vietnam from 1976 to 1987.
1 2 In exile between 1940 and 1945.
↑ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.

Rulers

External links

State leaders by year of the 20th century

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