List of state leaders in 1954

See also
List of state leaders in 1953 Events of 1954 List of state leaders in 1955 State leaders by year List of sovereign states in 1954 List of governors of dependent territories

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1954.

Africa

Egypt
- President -
  1. Muhammad Naguib, President of Egypt (1953–1954)
  2. Gamal Abdel Nasser, Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council of Egypt (1954)
  3. Muhammad Naguib, President of Egypt (1954)
  4. Gamal Abdel Nasser, Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council of Egypt (1954–1970)^[1]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Muhammad Naguib, Prime Minister of Egypt (1952–1954)
  2. Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime Minister of Egypt (1954)
  3. Muhammad Naguib, Prime Minister of Egypt (1954)
  4. Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime Minister of Egypt (1954–1962)^[2]
Ethiopia
- Monarch - Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974)^[3]
- Prime Minister - Makonnen Endelkachew, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1942–1957)
Liberia
- President - William Tubman, President of Liberia (1944–1971)
Libya
- Monarch - Idris, King of Libya (1951–1969)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Mahmud al-Muntasir, Prime Minister of Libya (1951–1954)
  2. Muhammad Sakizli, Prime Minister of Libya (1954)
  3. Mustafa Ben Halim, Prime Minister of Libya (1954–1957)
South Africa
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of South Africa (1952–1961)
- Governor-General - Ernest George Jansen, Governor-General of South Africa (1951–1959)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Daniel François Malan, Prime Minister of South Africa (1948–1954)
  2. Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom, Prime Minister of South Africa (1954–1958)

Asia

Afghanistan
- Monarch - Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (1933–1973)
- Prime Minister - Mohammed Daoud Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1953–1963)
Bhutan
- Monarch - Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1952–1972)
- Prime Minister - Jigme Palden Dorji, Prime Minister of Bhutan (1952–1964)
Burma
- President - Ba U, President of Burma (1952–1957)
- Prime Minister - U Nu, Prime Minister of Burma (1948–1956)
Cambodia
- Monarch - Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (1941–1955)^[4]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Chan Nak, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1953–1954)
  2. King Norodom Sihanouk, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1954)
  3. Penn Nouth, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1954–1955)
Ceylon
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Ceylon (1952–1972)
- Governor-General -
  1. Herwald Ramsbotham, Baron Soulbury, Governor-General of Ceylon (1949–1954)
  2. Sir Oliver Ernest Goonetilleke, Governor-General of Ceylon (1954–1962)
- Prime Minister - Sir John Kotelawala, Prime Minister of Ceylon (1953–1956)
China (People's Republic of China)
- Communist Party Leader - Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Communist Party of China (1935–1976)
- Head of State - Mao Zedong, Chairman of China (1949–1959)
- Premier - Zhou Enlai, Premier of the State Council of China^[5] (1949–1976)
India
- President - Rajendra Prasad, President of India (1950–1962)
- Prime Minister - Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India (1947–1964)
Indonesia
- President - Sukarno, President of Indonesia (1945–1967)
- Prime Minister - Ali Sastroamidjojo, Prime Minister of Indonesia (1953–1955)
- Islamic State of Indonesia (unrecognized secessionist state)
  - Leader - Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwirjo, Imam of the Islamic State of Indonesia (1949–1962)
Iran
- Monarch - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941–1979)
- Prime Minister - Fazlollah Zahedi, Prime Minister of Iran (1953–1955)
Iraq
- Monarch - Faisal II, King of Iraq (1939–1958)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Muhammad Fadhel al-Jamali, Prime Minister of Iraq (1953–1954)
  2. Arshad al-Umari, Prime Minister of Iraq (1954)
  3. Nuri as-Said, Prime Minister of Iraq (1954–1957)
Israel
- President - Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, President of Israel (1952–1963)
- Prime Minister -
  1. David Ben-Gurion, Prime Minister of Israel (1948–1954)
  2. Moshe Sharett, Prime Minister of Israel (1954–1955)
Japan
- Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Shigeru Yoshida, Prime Minister of Japan (1948–1954)
  2. Ichirō Hatoyama, Prime Minister of Japan (1954–1956)
Jordan
- Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Fawzi al-Mulki, Prime Minister of Jordan (1953–1954)
  2. Tawfik Abu al-Huda, Prime Minister of Jordan (1954–1955)
North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sung, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party (1949–1994)
- Head of State - Kim Tu-bong, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1947–1957)^[6]
- Prime Minister - Kim Il-sung, Prime Minister of the Cabinet of North Korea (1946–1972)^[7]
South Korea (Republic of Korea)
- President - Syngman Rhee, President of South Korea (1948–1960)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Baek Du-jin, Prime Minister of South Korea (1952–1954)
  2. Byeon Yeong-tae, Prime Minister of South Korea (1954)
Laos
- Monarch - Sisavang Vong, King of Laos (1946–1959)^[8]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Prince Souvanna Phouma, Prime Minister of Laos (1951–1954)^[9]
  2. Katay Don Sasorith, Prime Minister of Laos (1954–1956)
Lebanon
- President - Camille Chamoun, President of Lebanon (1952–1958)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Abdallah El-Yafi, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1953–1954)
  2. Sami as-Solh, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1954–1955)
Mongolia
- Communist Party Leader -
  1. Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1940–1954)
  2. Dashiin Damba, First secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1954–1958)
- Head of State -
  1. Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa, Acting Chairman of the Presidium of the State Great Hural of Mongolia (1953–1954)
  2. Jamsrangiin Sambuu, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Great Hural of Mongolia (1954–1972)
- Premier - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1952–1974)
Muscat and Oman
- Monarch - Said Bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1932–1970)
Nepal
- Monarch - Tribhuvan, King of Nepal (1951–1955)
- Prime Minister - Matrika Prasad Koirala, Prime Minister of Nepal (1953–1955)
Pakistan
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Pakistan (1952–1956)
- Governor-General - Malik Ghulam Muhammad, Governor-General of Pakistan (1951–1955)
- Prime Minister - Muhammad Ali Bogra, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1953–1955)
Philippines
- President - Ramon Magsaysay, President of the Philippines (1953–1957)
Saudi Arabia
- Monarch - Saud, King of Saudi Arabia (1953–1964)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Saud, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1953–1954)
  2. Crown Prince Faisal, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1954–1960)
Syria
- President -
  1. Adib Shishakli, President of Syria (1953–1954)
  2. Hashim al-Atassi, President of Syria (1954–1955)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Adib Shishakli, Prime Minister of Syria (1953–1954)
  2. Sabri al-Assali, Prime Minister of Syria (1954)
  3. Said al-Ghazzi, Prime Minister of Syria (1954)
  4. Faris al-Khoury, Prime Minister of Syria (1954–1955)
Taiwan (Republic of China)
- President - Chiang Kai-shek, President of Taiwan (1950–1975)
- Premier -
  1. Chen Cheng, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1950–1954)
  2. Yu Hung-Chun, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1954–1958)
Thailand
- Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
- Prime Minister - Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Prime Minister of Thailand (1948–1957)
Turkey
- President - Celâl Bayar, President of Turkey (1950–1960)
- Prime Minister - Adnan Menderes, Prime Minister of Turkey (1950–1960)
North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
- Communist Party Leader - Trường Chinh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1941–1956)
- President - Hồ Chí Minh, President of North Vietnam (1945–1969)
- Premier - Hồ Chí Minh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of North Vietnam (1945–1955)
South Vietnam (State of Vietnam)
- Head of State - Bảo Đại, Chief of State of South Vietnam (1949–1955)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Prince Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Lộc, Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1954)
  2. Phan Huy Quát, Acting Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1954)
  3. Ngô Đình Diệm, Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1954–1955)
Yemen
- Monarch - Ahmad bin Yahya, King of Yemen (1948–1955)
- Prime Minister - Hassan bin Yahya, Prime Minister of Yemen (1948–1955)

Europe

Albania
- Communist Party Leader - Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985)
- Head of State - Haxhi Lleshi, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1953–1982)
- Premier -
  1. Enver Hoxha, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1944–1954)
  2. Mehmet Shehu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1954–1981)
Andorra
- Monarchs -
  - French Co-Prince -
    1. Vincent Auriol, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1947–1954)
    2. René Coty, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1954–1959)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Guy Henri Victor Menant (1952–1956)
  - Episcopal Co-Prince - Ramon Iglesias i Navarri, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1943–1969)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Jaume Sansa Nequí (1937–1972)
- First Syndic - Francesc Cairat Freixes, First Syndic of Andorra (1937–1960)
Austria (under Allied occupation)
- President - Theodor Körner, Federal President of Austria (1951–1957)
- Chancellor - Julius Raab, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1953–1961)
- American high commissioner - Llewellyn Thompson (1952–1955)
- British high commissioner -
  1. Harold Caccia (1950–1954)
  2. Sir Geoffrey Wallinger (1954–1955)
- French high commissioner - Jean Payart (1950–1955)
- Soviet high commissioner - Ivan Ilichev (1953–1955)
Belgium
- Monarch - Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Jean Van Houtte, Prime Minister of Belgium (1952–1954)
  2. Achille Van Acker, Prime Minister of Belgium (1954–1958)
Bulgaria
- Communist Party Leader -
  1. Vulko Chervenkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1949–1954)
  2. Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989)
- Head of State - Georgi Damyanov, Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly of Bulgaria (1950–1958)
- Premier - Vulko Chervenkov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1950–1956)
Czechoslovakia
- Communist Party Leader - Antonín Novotný, First Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1953–1968)
- President - Antonín Zápotocký, President of Czechoslovakia (1953–1957)
- Prime Minister - Viliam Široký, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1953–1963)
Denmark
- Monarch - Frederick IX, King of Denmark (1947–1972)
- Prime Minister - Hans Hedtoft, Prime Minister of Denmark (1953–1955)
Finland
- President - Juho Kusti Paasikivi, President of Finland (1946–1956)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Sakari Tuomioja, Prime Minister of Finland (1953–1954)
  2. Ralf Törngren, Prime Minister of Finland (1954)
  3. Urho Kekkonen, Prime Minister of Finland (1954–1956)
France
- President -
  1. Vincent Auriol, President of France (1947–1954)
  2. René Coty, President of France (1954–1959)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Joseph Laniel, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1953–1954)
  2. Pierre Mendès France, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1954–1955)
East Germany (German Democratic Republic)
- Communist Party Leader - Walter Ulbricht, First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1950–1971)
- President - Wilhelm Pieck, President of East Germany (1949–1960)
- Premier - Otto Grotewohl, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1949–1964)
West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)
- President - Theodor Heuss, Federal President of West Germany (1949–1959)
- Chancellor - Konrad Adenauer, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1949–1963)
- West Berlin (Western Allies-occupied free city)
  - Governing Mayor - Walther Schreiber, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1953–1955)
Greece
- Monarch - Paul, King of the Hellenes (1947–1964)
- Prime Minister - Alexandros Papagos, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1952–1955)
Hungary
- Communist Party Leader - Mátyás Rákosi, First Secretary of the Hungarian Workers' Party (1945–1956)
- Head of State - István Dobi, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1952–1967)
- Premier - Imre Nagy, President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1953–1955)
Iceland
- President - Ásgeir Ásgeirsson, President of Iceland (1952–1968)
- Prime Minister - Ólafur Thors, Prime Minister of Iceland (1953–1956)
Ireland
- President - Seán T. O'Kelly, President of Ireland (1945–1959)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Éamon de Valera, Taoiseach of Ireland (1951–1954)
  2. John A. Costello, Taoiseach of Ireland (1954–1957)
Italy
- President - Luigi Einaudi, President of Italy (1948–1955)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Giuseppe Pella, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1953–1954)
  2. Amintore Fanfani, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1954)
  3. Mario Scelba, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1954–1955)
Liechtenstein
- Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
- Prime Minister - Alexander Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1945–1962)
Luxembourg
- Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)^[10]
- Prime Minister - Joseph Bech, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1953–1958)
Monaco
- Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Head of Government - Henry Soum, Minister of State of Monaco (1953–1959)
Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch - Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands (1948–1980)
- Netherlands (constituent country)
  - Prime Minister - Willem Drees, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1948–1958)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
  - Governor - Teun Struycken, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1951–1956)
  - Prime Minister -
    1. Moises F. da Costa Gomez, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1951–1954)
    2. Efraïn Jonckheer, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1954–1968)
- Suriname (constituent country)
  - Governor-General - Jan Klaasesz, Governor-General of Suriname (1949–1956)
  - Prime Minister - Archibald Currie, Prime Minister of Suriname (1952–1955)
Norway
- Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)^[11]
- Prime Minister - Oscar Torp, Prime Minister of Norway (1951–1955)
Poland
- Communist Party Leader - Bolesław Bierut, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1948–1956)
- Head of State - Aleksander Zawadzki, Chairman of the Council of State of Poland (1952–1964)
- Premier -
  1. Bolesław Bierut, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1952–1954)
  2. Józef Cyrankiewicz, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1954–1970)
Portugal
- President - Francisco Craveiro Lopes, President of Portugal (1951–1958)
- Premier - António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal (1932–1968)
Romania
- Communist Party Leader -
  1. Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, General Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party (1945–1954)
  2. Gheorghe Apostol, First Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party (1954–1955)
- Head of State - Petru Groza, Chairman of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly of Romania (1952–1958)
- Premier - Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1952–1955)
San Marino
- Captains Regent -
  1. Giordano Giacomini and Giuseppe Renzi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1953–1954)
  2. Giuseppe Forcellini and Secondo Fiorini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1954)
  3. Agostino Giacomini and Luigi Montironi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1954–1955)
Soviet Union
- Communist Party Leader - Nikita Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1953–1964)
- Head of State - Kliment Voroshilov, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1953–1960)
- Premier - Georgy Malenkov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1953–1955)
Spain
- Head of State - Francisco Franco, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975)
- Prime Minister - Francisco Franco, President of the Government of Spain (1938–1973)
Sweden
- Monarch - Gustaf VI Adolf, King of Sweden (1950–1973)
- Prime Minister - Tage Erlander, Prime Minister of Sweden (1946–1969)
Switzerland
- Federal Council:^[12]
  Philipp Etter (1934–1959), Karl Kobelt (1940–1954), Max Petitpierre (1944–1961), Rodolphe Rubattel (1947–1954, President), Josef Escher (1950–1954), Markus Feldmann (1951–1958), Hans Streuli (1953–1959), Paul Chaudet (1954–1966), Giuseppe Lepori (1954–1959), Thomas Holenstein (1954–1959)
Trieste
- disestablished on 26 October 1954
- Military Governor -
  - Zone A - Sir John Winterton, Governor of Zone A of Trieste (1951–1954)
  - Zone B - Miloš Stamatović, Governor of Zone B of Trieste (1951–1954)
United Kingdom
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
- Prime Minister - Sir Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1951–1955)
Vatican City
- Monarch - Pope Pius XII, Sovereign of Vatican City (1939–1958)
- President of the Governorate - Cardinal Nicola Canali, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1939–1961)
- Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
  - Secretary of State - Domenico Tardini, Pro-Secretary of State (1952–1961)
Yugoslavia
- Communist Party leader - Josip Broz Tito, General Secretary of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1936–1980)
- President - Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia (1953–1980)
- Premier - Josip Broz Tito, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1943–1963)

North America

Canada
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
- Governor General - Vincent Massey, Governor General of Canada (1952–1959)
- Prime Minister - Louis St. Laurent, Prime Minister of Canada (1948–1957)
Costa Rica
- President - José Figueres Ferrer, President of Costa Rica (1953–1958)
Cuba
- President - Fulgencio Batista, President of Cuba (1952–1959)
- Prime Minister - Andrés Domingo y Morales del Castillo, Acting Prime Minister of Cuba (1954–1955)
Dominican Republic
- De facto Head of State - Rafael Trujillo, de facto ruler of the Dominican Republic (1930–1961)
- President - Héctor Trujillo, President of the Dominican Republic (1952–1960)
El Salvador
- President - Óscar Osorio, President of El Salvador (1950–1956)
Guatemala
- President -
  1. Jacobo Árbenz, President of Guatemala (1951–1954)
  2. Carlos Enrique Díaz de León, Provisional President of Guatemala (1954)
  3. Elfego Hernán Monzón Aguirre, Junta Chairman of Guatemala (1954)
  4. Carlos Castillo Armas, President of Guatemala (1954–1957)
Haiti
- President - Paul Magloire, President of Haiti (1950–1956)
Honduras
- President -
  1. Juan Manuel Gálvez, President of Honduras (1949–1954)
  2. Julio Lozano Díaz, Supreme Head of State of Honduras (1954–1956)
Mexico
- President - Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, President of Mexico (1952–1958)
Nicaragua
- President - Anastasio Somoza García, President of Nicaragua (1950–1956)
Panama
- President - José Antonio Remón Cantera, President of Panama (1952–1955)
United States of America
- President - Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States (1953–1961)

Oceania

Australia
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Sir William Slim, Governor-General of Australia (1953–1960)
- Prime Minister - Robert Menzies, Prime Minister of Australia (1949–1966)
New Zealand
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Willoughby Norrie, Governor-General of New Zealand (1952–1957)
- Prime Minister - Sidney Holland, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1949–1957)

South America

Argentina
- President - Juan Perón, President of Argentina (1946–1955)
Bolivia
- President - Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President of Bolivia (1952–1956)
Brazil
- President -
  1. Getúlio Vargas, President of Brazil (1951–1954)
  2. Café Filho, President of Brazil (1954–1955)
Chile
- President - Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, President of Chile (1952–1958)
Colombia
- President - Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, President of Colombia (1953–1957)
Ecuador
- President - José María Velasco Ibarra, President of Ecuador (1952–1956)
Paraguay
- President -
  1. Federico Chávez, President of Paraguay (1949–1954)
  2. Tomás Romero Pereira, Provisional President of Paraguay (1954)
  3. Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954–1989)
Peru
- President - Manuel A. Odría, President of Peru (1950–1956)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Zenón Noriega Agüero, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1950–1954)
  2. Roque Augusto Saldías Maninat, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1954–1956)
Uruguay
- Head of State - Andrés Martínez Trueba, President of the National Council of Government of Uruguay (1951–1955)
Venezuela
- President - Marcos Pérez Jiménez, President of Venezuela (1952–1958)

References

↑ Gamal Abdel Nasser was President of the United Arab Republic 1958-1961.
↑ Gamal Abdel Nasser was Prime Minister of the United Arab Republic 1958-1961.
↑ In exile between 1936 and 1941.
↑ Cambodia only became independent in 1953.
↑ The title changed from Premier of the Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government to Premier of the State Council on September 27, 1954
↑ North Korea only became independent in 1948.
↑ North Korea only became independent in 1948.
↑ Laos only became independent in 1953.
↑ Laos only became independent in 1953.
↑ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
↑ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
↑ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.

External links

State leaders by year of the 20th century

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