List of state leaders in 1946

See also
List of state leaders in 1945 Events of 1946 List of state leaders in 1947 State leaders by year List of sovereign states in 1946 List of governors of dependent territories

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1946.

Africa

Egypt
- Monarch - Farouk I, King of Egypt (1936–1952)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha, Prime Minister of Egypt (1945–1946)
  2. Isma'il Sidqi, Prime Minister of Egypt (1946)
  3. Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha, Prime Minister of Egypt (1946–1948)
Ethiopia
- Monarch - Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974)^[1]
- Prime Minister - Makonnen Endelkachew, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1942–1957)
Liberia
- President - William Tubman, President of Liberia (1944–1971)
South Africa
- Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
- Governor-General -
  1. Nicolaas Jacobus de Wet, Officer Administering the Government of South Africa (1943–1946)
  2. Gideon Brand van Zyl, Governor-General of South Africa (1946–1951)
- Prime Minister - Jan Smuts, Prime Minister of South Africa (1939–1948)

Asia

Afghanistan
- Monarch - Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (1933–1973)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Mohammad Hashim Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1929–1946)
  2. Shah Mahmud Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1946–1953)
China
- President - Chiang Kai-shek, Chairman of the National Government of China (1943–1949)
- Premier - T. V. Soong, President of the Executive Yuan of China (1945–1947)
- East Turkestan (unrecognized secessionist state)
  - re-incorporated into China on 16 June 1946
  - President - Elihan Tore, President of East Turkestan (1944–1946)
- Tibet (unrecognized, de facto independent country)
  - Monarch - Tenzin Gyatso, Dalai Lama (1939–present)^[2]
Indonesia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Sukarno, President of Indonesia (1945–1967)
- Prime Minister - Sutan Sjahrir, Prime Minister of Indonesia (1945–1947)
Iran
- Monarch - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941–1979)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Ebrahim Hakimi, Prime Minister of Iran (1945–1946)
  2. Ahmad Qavam, Prime Minister of Iran (1946–1947)
- Azerbaijan People's Government (unrecognized autonomous republic)
  - reintegrated into Iran in December 1946
  - Chairman - Ja'far Pishevari, Chairman of the Azerbaijan People's Government (1945–1946)
  - Prime Minister - Ahmad Kordary, Prime Minister of the Azerbaijan People's Government (1945–1946)
- Republic of Mahabad (Kurdistan) (unrecognized secessionist state)
  - independence declared on 22 January 1946, reintegrated into Iran on 15 December 1946
  - President - Qazi Muhammad, President of Kurdistan (1946)
  - Prime Minister - Haji Baba Sheikh, Prime Minister of Kurdistan (1946)
Iraq
- Monarch - Faisal II, King of Iraq (1939–1958)
- Regent - Crown Prince 'Abd al-Ilah, Regent of Iraq (1941–1953)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Hamdi al-Pachachi, Prime Minister of Iraq (1944–1946)
  2. Tawfiq al-Suwaidi, Prime Minister of Iraq (1946)
  3. Arshad al-Umari, Prime Minister of Iraq (1946)
  4. Nuri as-Said, Prime Minister of Iraq (1946–1947)
Japan (under Allied occupiation)
- Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Baron Kijūrō Shidehara, Prime Minister of Japan (1945–1946)
  2. Shigeru Yoshida, Prime Minister of Japan (1946–1947)
- Military Governor - Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (1945–1951)
Lebanon
- President - Bechara El Khoury, President of Lebanon (1943–1952)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Sami as-Solh, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1945–1946)
  2. Saadi al-Munla, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1946)
  3. Riad as-Solh, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1946–1951)
Mongolia
- Communist Party Leader - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1940–1954)
- Head of State - Gonchigiin Bumtsend, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Hural of Mongolia (1940–1953)
- Premier - Khorloogiin Choibalsan, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1939–1952)
Muscat and Oman
- Monarch - Said Bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1932–1970)
Nepal
- Monarch - Tribhuvan, King of Nepal (1911–1950)
- Prime Minister - Padma Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime Minister of Nepal (1945–1948)
Philippines
- Commonwealth of the Philippines gained independence on 4 July 1946
- High Commissioner - Paul V. McNutt, High Commissioner to the Philippines (1945–1946)
- President -
  1. Sergio Osmeña, President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines (1944–1946)
  2. Manuel Roxas, President of the Philippines (1946–1948)
Saudi Arabia
- Monarch - Ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabia (1902–1953)^[3]
Siam
- Monarch -
  1. Ananda Mahidol, King of Siam (1935–1946)
  2. Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Siam (1946–2016)
- Regent - Prince Rangsit Prayurasakdi, Prince of Chainat, Regent of Siam (1946–1951)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Seni Pramoj, Prime Minister of Siam (1945–1946)
  2. Khuang Aphaiwong, Prime Minister of Siam (1946)
  3. Pridi Banomyong, Prime Minister of Siam (1946)
  4. Thawan Thamrongnawasawat, Prime Minister of Siam (1946–1947)
Syria
- gained independence on April 17, 1946
- President - Shukri al-Quwatli, President of Syria (1943–1949)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Saadallah al-Jabiri, Prime Minister of Syria (1945–1946)
  2. Khalid al-Azm, Prime Minister of Syria (1946)
  3. Jamil Mardam Bey, Prime Minister of Syria (1946–1948)
Transjordan
- the Emirate of Transjordan gained independence as the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan on 25 May 1946
- British resident - Alec Kirkbride, British resident in Transjordan (1939–1946)
- Monarch - Abdullah I, King of Transjordan (1921–1951)
- Prime Minister - Ibrahim Hashem, Prime Minister of Transjordan (1945–1947)
Turkey
- President - İsmet İnönü, President of Turkey (1938–1950)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Şükrü Saracoğlu, Prime Minister of Turkey (1942–1946)
  2. Recep Peker, Prime Minister of Turkey (1946–1947)
North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
- Communist Party Leader - Trường Chinh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1941–1956)
- President - Hồ Chí Minh, President of North Vietnam (1945–1969)
- Premier - Hồ Chí Minh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of North Vietnam (1945–1955)
South Vietnam (Republic of Cochinchina)
- independence declared on 1 June 1946
- Head of State -
Yemen
- Monarch - Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din, King of Yemen (1904–1948)^[4]

Europe

Albania
- Communist Party Leader - Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985)
- Head of State - Omer Nishani, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1944–1953)
- Premier - Enver Hoxha, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1944–1954)
Andorra
- Monarchs -
  - French Co-Prince -
    1. Charles de Gaulle, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1944–1946)
    2. Félix Gouin, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1946)
    3. Georges Bidault, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1946)
    4. Vincent Auriol, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1946)
    5. Léon Blum, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1946–1947)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Georges Degrand (1945–1947)
  - Episcopal Co-Prince - Ramon Iglesias i Navarri, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1943–1969)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Jaume Sansa Nequí (1937–1972)
- First Syndic - Francesc Cairat Freixes, First Syndic of Andorra (1937–1960)
Austria (under Allied occupation)
- President - Karl Renner, Federal President of Austria (1945–1950)
- Chancellor - Leopold Figl, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1945–1953)
- American high commissioner - Mark W. Clark (1945–1947)
- British high commissioner -
  1. Sir Richard McCreery (1945–1946)
  2. Sir James Steele (1946–1947)
- French high commissioner - Antoine Béthouart (1945–1950)
- Soviet high commissioner -
  1. Ivan Konev (1945–1946)
  2. Vladimir Kurasov (1946–1949)
Belgium
- Monarch - Leopold III, King of the Belgians (1934–1951)^[5]
- Regent - Prince Charles, Count of Flanders, Regent of Belgium (1944–1950)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Achille van Acker, Prime Minister of Belgium (1945–1946)
  2. Paul-Henri Spaak, Prime Minister of Belgium (1946)
  3. Achille van Acker, Prime Minister of Belgium (1945–1946)
  4. Camille Huysmans, Prime Minister of Belgium (1946–1947)
Bulgaria
- Kingdom of Bulgaria superseded by the People's Republic of Bulgaria on 15 September 1946
- Monarch - Simeon II, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1943–1946)
- Regent - Venelin Ganev + Todor Pavlov + Tsvetko Boboshevski, Regency Council of Bulgaria (1944–1946)
- Republican Head of State - Vasil Kolarov, Chairman of the Provisional Presidency of Bulgaria (1946–1947)
- Premier -
  1. Kimon Georgiev, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1944–1946)
  2. Georgi Dimitrov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1946–1949)
Czechoslovakia
- President - Edvard Beneš, President of Czechoslovakia (1945–1948)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Zdeněk Fierlinger, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1945–1946)
  2. Klement Gottwald, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1946–1948)
Denmark
- Monarch - Christian X, King of Denmark (1912–1947)
- Prime Minister - Knud Kristensen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1945–1947)
Finland
- President -
  1. Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, President of Finland (1944–1946)
  2. Juho Kusti Paasikivi, President of Finland (1946–1956)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Juho Kusti Paasikivi, Prime Minister of Finland (1944–1946)
  2. Mauno Pekkala, Prime Minister of Finland (1946–1948)
France
- Head of State -
  1. Charles de Gaulle, Chairman of the Provisional Government of France (1944–1946)
  2. Félix Gouin, Chairman of the Provisional Government of France (1946)
  3. Georges Bidault, Chairman of the Provisional Government of France (1946)
  4. Léon Blum, Chairman of the Provisional Government of France (1946–1947)
Germany (under Allied occupation)
- American Zone
  - Military Governor - Joseph T. McNarney, Military Governor of the US Occupation Zone of Germany (1945–1947)
- British Zone
  - Military Governor -
    1. Bernard Montgomery, Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, Military Governor of the British Occupation Zone of Germany (1945–1946)
    2. Sir Sholto Douglas, Military Governor of the British Occupation Zone of Germany (1946–1947)
- French Zone
  - Military Governor - Marie-Pierre Kœnig, Military Governor of the French Occupation Zone of Germany (1945–1949)
- Soviet Zone
  - Military Governor -
    1. Georgy Zhukov, Military Governor of the Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany (1945–1946)
    2. Vasily Sokolovsky, Military Governor of the Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany (1946–1949)
Greece
- Monarch - George II, King of the Hellenes (1935–1947)^[6]
- Regent - Archbishop Damaskinos, Regent of Greece (1944–1946)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Themistoklis Sophoulis, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1945–1946)
  2. Panagiotis Poulitsas, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1946)
  3. Konstantinos Tsaldaris, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1946–1947)
Hungary
- Kingdom of Hungary superseded by the Hungarian Republic on 2 February 1946
- Head of State -
  1. High National Council, Head of State of Hungary (1945–1946)
  2. Zoltán Tildy, President of Hungary (1946–1948)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Zoltán Tildy, Prime Minister of Hungary (1945–1946)
  2. Mátyás Rákosi, Interim Prime Minister of Hungary (1946)
  3. Ferenc Nagy, Prime Minister of Hungary (1946–1947)
Iceland
- President - Sveinn Björnsson, President of Iceland (1944–1952)^[7]
- Prime Minister - Ólafur Thors, Prime Minister of Iceland (1944–1947)
Ireland
- Monarch - George VI, King of Ireland (1936–1949)
- President - Seán T. O'Kelly, President of Ireland (1945–1959)
- Prime Minister - Éamon de Valera, Taoiseach of Ireland (1932–1948)
Italy
- Kingdom of Italy superseded by the Italian Republic on 18 June 1946
- Monarch -
  1. Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy (1900–1946)
  2. Umberto II, King of Italy (1946)
- Regent - Prince Umberto, Prince of Piedmont, Lieutenant General of the Realm of Italy (1944–1946)
- Republican Head of State -
  1. Alcide De Gasperi, Acting Provisional Head of State of Italy (1946)
  2. Enrico De Nicola, Provisional Head of State of Italy (1946–1948)
- Prime Minister - Alcide De Gasperi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1945–1953)
Liechtenstein
- Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
- Prime Minister - Alexander Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1945–1962)
Luxembourg
- Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)^[8]
- Prime Minister - Pierre Dupong, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1937–1953)^[9]
Monaco
- Monarch - Louis II, Prince of Monaco (1922–1949)
- Head of Government - Pierre de Witasse, Minister of State of Monaco (1944–1948)
Netherlands
- Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)^[10]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Wim Schermerhorn, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1945–1946)
  2. Louis Beel, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1946–1948)
Norway
- Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)^[11]
- Prime Minister - Einar Gerhardsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1945–1951)
Poland
- Communist Party Leader - Władysław Gomułka, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1943–1948)
- Head of State - Bolesław Bierut, President of the Presidium of the Popular Council of Poland (1944–1952)
- Premier - Edward Osóbka-Morawski, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1944–1947)
Portugal
- President - Óscar Carmona, President of Portugal (1926–1951)
- Premier - António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal (1932–1968)
Romania
- Monarch - Michael I, King of the Romanians (1940–1947)
- Premier - Petru Groza, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1945–1952)
San Marino
- Captains Regent -
  1. Ferruccio Martelli and Secondo Fiorini, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1945–March 1946)
  2. Giuseppe Forcellini and Vincenzo Pedini, Captains Regent of San Marino (April–September 1946)
  3. Filippo Martelli and Luigi Montironi, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1946–March 1947)
Soviet Union
- Communist Party Leader - Joseph Stalin, Senior Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–1953)
- Head of State -
  1. Mikhail Kalinin, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1922–1946)
  2. Nikolay Shvernik, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1946–1953)
- Premier - Joseph Stalin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union^[12] (1941–1953)
Spain
- Head of State - Francisco Franco, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975)
- Prime Minister - Francisco Franco, President of the Government of Spain (1938–1973)
Sweden
- Monarch - Gustaf V, King of Sweden (1907–1950)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Per Albin Hansson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1936–1946)
  2. Östen Undén, Acting Prime Minister of Sweden (1946)
  3. Tage Erlander, Prime Minister of Sweden (1946–1969)
Switzerland
- Federal Council:^[13]
  Philipp Etter (1934–1959), Walther Stampfli (1940–1947), Enrico Celio (1940–1950), Eduard von Steiger (1940–1951), Karl Kobelt (1940–1954, President), Ernst Nobs (1943–1951), Max Petitpierre (1944–1961)
United Kingdom
- Monarch - George VI, King of the United Kingdom (1936–1952)
- Prime Minister - Clement Attlee, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1945–1951)
Vatican City
- Monarch - Pope Pius XII, Sovereign of Vatican City (1939–1958)
- Governor - Marquis Camillo Serafini, Governor of Vatican City (1929–1952)
- President of the Governorate - Cardinal Nicola Canali, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1939–1961)
Yugoslavia
- Communist Party leader - Josip Broz Tito, General Secretary of the Yugoslav Communist Party (1936–1980)
- Head of State - Ivan Ribar, President of the Presidium of the National Assembly of Yugoslavia (1943–1953)
- Prime Minister - Josip Broz Tito, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1943–1963)

North America

Canada
- Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
- Governor General -
  1. Alexander Cambridge, Earl of Athlone, Governor General of Canada (1940–1946)
  2. Harold Alexander, Viscount Alexander of Tunis, Governor General of Canada (1946–1952)
- Prime Minister - William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime Minister of Canada (1935–1948)
Costa Rica
- President - Teodoro Picado Michalski, President of Costa Rica (1944–1948)
Cuba
- President - Ramón Grau, President of Cuba (1944–1948)
- Premier - Carlos Prío Socarrás, Premier of Cuba (1945–1947)
Dominican Republic
- De facto Head of State - Rafael Trujillo, de facto ruler of the Dominican Republic (1930–1961)
- President - Rafael Trujillo, President of the Dominican Republic (1942–1952)
El Salvador
- President - Salvador Castaneda Castro, President of El Salvador (1945–1948)
Guatemala
- President - Juan José Arévalo, President of Guatemala (1945–1951)
Haiti
- President -
  1. Élie Lescot, President of Haiti (1941–1946)
  2. Franck Lavaud, Chairman of the Military Executive Committee of Haiti (1946)
  3. Dumarsais Estimé, President of Haiti (1946–1950)
Honduras
- President - Tiburcio Carías Andino, President of Honduras (1933–1949)
Mexico
- President -
  1. Manuel Ávila Camacho, President of Mexico (1940–1946)
  2. Miguel Alemán Valdés, President of Mexico (1946–1952)
Nicaragua
- President - Anastasio Somoza García, President of Nicaragua (1937–1947)
Panama
- President - Enrique Adolfo Jiménez, Provisional President of Panama (1945–1948)
United States of America
- President - Harry S. Truman, President of the United States (1945–1953)

Oceania

Australia
- Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
- Governor-General - Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, Governor-General of Australia (1945–1947)
- Prime Minister - Ben Chifley, Prime Minister of Australia (1945–1949)
New Zealand
- Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
- Governor-General -
  1. Sir Cyril Newall, Governor-General of New Zealand (1941–1946)
  2. Sir Michael Myers, Administrator of the Government of New Zealand (1946)
  3. Sir Bernard Freyberg, Governor-General of New Zealand (1946–1952)
- Prime Minister - Peter Fraser, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1940–1949)

South America

Argentina
- President -
  1. Edelmiro Julián Farrell, President of Argentina (1944–1946)
  2. Juan Perón, President of Argentina (1946–1955)
Bolivia
- President -
  1. Gualberto Villarroel, President of Bolivia (1944–1946)
  2. Néstor Guillén, Chairman of the Provisional Government Junta of Bolivia (1946)
  3. Tomás Monje, Chairman of the Provisional Government Junta of Bolivia (1946–1947)
Brazil
- President -
  1. José Linhares, President of Brazil (1945–1946)
  2. Eurico Gaspar Dutra, President of Brazil (1946–1951)
Chile
- President -
  1. Juan Antonio Ríos, President of Chile (1942–1946)
  2. Alfredo Duhalde, Acting President of Chile (1946)
  3. Vicente Merino, Acting President of Chile (1946)
  4. Juan Antonio Iribarren, Acting President of Chile (1946)
  5. Gabriel González Videla, President of Chile (1946–1952)
Colombia
- President -
  1. Alberto Lleras Camargo, President of Colombia (1945–1946)
  2. Mariano Ospina Pérez, President of Colombia (1946–1950)
Ecuador
- President - José María Velasco Ibarra, President of Ecuador (1944–1947)
Paraguay
- President - Higinio Moríñigo, President of Paraguay (1940–1948)
Peru
- President - José Bustamante y Rivero, President of Peru (1945–1948)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Rafael Belaúnde Diez Canseco, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1945–1946)
  2. Julio Ernesto Portugal Escobedo, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1946–1947)
Uruguay
- President - Juan José de Amézaga, President of Uruguay (1943–1947)
Venezuela
- President - Romulo Betancourt, President of Venezuela (1945–1948)

References

↑ In exile between 1936 and 1941.
↑ Tenzin Gyatso was only enthroned in 1950, Tibet accepted Chinese sovereignty in 1951, the Dalai Lama went into exile in 1959, and his political role in the government-in-exile ended in 2011.
↑ Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.
↑ Yemen only became independent in 1918.
↑ German prisoner between 1940 an 1945, in exile between 1945 and 1950.
↑ In exile between 1941 and 1946.
↑ Björnsson was regent under the kingdom between 1941 and 1944.
↑ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
↑ In exile between 1940 and 1944.
↑ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
↑ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
↑ The title changed from Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars to Chairman of the Council of Ministers on March 16, 1946.
↑ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.

External links

State leaders by year of the 20th century

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