List of state leaders in 1918

See also
List of state leaders in 1917 Events of 1918 List of state leaders in 1919 State leaders by year List of sovereign states in 1918 List of governors of dependent territories

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1918.

Africa

Dervish state (unrecognized state) –
- Monarch - Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, Leader of the Dervish State (1896–1920)
Ethiopia –
- Monarch - Zewditu, Empress of Ethiopia (1916–1930)
- Regent - Ras Tafari Makonnen, Regent of Ethiopia (1916–1930)
- Chief Minister - Habte Giyorgis Dinagde, Chief Minister of Ethiopia (1909–1927)
Liberia –
- President - Daniel Edward Howard, President of Liberia (1912–1920)
South Africa –
- Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor-General - Sydney Buxton, Viscount Buxton, Governor-General of South Africa (1914–1920)
- Prime Minister - Louis Botha, Prime Minister of South Africa (1910–1919)
Tripolitania (unrecognized secessionist state) –
- declared its independence on 16 November 1918
- Head of State - Ahmad Tahir al-Murayyid, Chairman of the Council of the Republic of Tripolitania (1918–1923)

Asia

Afghanistan –
- Monarch - Habibullah Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1901–1919)
Asir –
- Monarch - Muhammad ibn Ali al-Idrisi, Emir of Asir (1909–1923)
Bukhara –
- Monarch - Mohammed Alim Khan, Emir of Bukhara (1911–1920)
China –
- Beiyang Government –
  - President -
    1. Feng Guozhang, President of China (1917–1918)
    2. Xu Shichang, President of China (1918–1922)
  - Premier -
    1. Wang Shizhen, Acting Premier of State Council of China (1917–1918)
    2. Qian Nengxun, Acting Premier of State Council of China (1918)
    3. Duan Qirui, Premier of State Council of China (1918)
    4. Qian Nengxun, Acting Premier of State Council of China (1918–1919)
- Nationalist Government –
  - Head of State -
    1. Sun Yat-sen, Chairman of the Governing Committee of the Military Government of China (1917–1918)
    2. Governing Committee of the Military Government, Head of State of China (1918)
    3. Cen Chunxuan, Chairman of the Governing Committee of the Military Government of China (1918–1920)
- Tibet (unrecognized, de facto independent country)
  - Monarch - Thubten Gyatso, Dalai Lama (1879–1933)
Hejaz (unrecognized state) –
- Monarch - Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz (1908–1924)^[1]
Jabal Shammar –
- Monarch - Saud bin Abdulaziz, Emir of Jabal Shammar (1910–1920)
Japan –
- Monarch - Yoshihito, Emperor of Japan (1912–1926)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Terauchi Masatake, Prime Minister of Japan (1916–1918)
  2. Hara Takashi, Prime Minister of Japan (1918–1921)
Khiva –
- Monarch -
  1. Isfandiyar Jurji Bahadur, Khan of Khiva (1910–1918)
  2. Sayid Abdullah, Khan of Khiva (1918–1920)
Muscat and Oman –
- Monarch - Taimur bin Feisal, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1913–1932)
Nejd and Hasa –
- Monarch - Ibn Saud, Emir of Nejd and Hasa (1902–1953)^[2]
Nepal –
- Monarch - Tribhuvan, King of Nepal (1911–1950)
- Prime Minister - Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski, Prime Minister of Nepal (1901–1929)
Ottoman Empire –
- Monarch -
  1. Mehmed V, Emperor of the Ottomans (1909–1918)
  2. Mehmed VI, Emperor of the Ottomans (1918–1922)
- Head of Government -
  1. Talaat Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1917–1918)
  2. Ahmed Izzet Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1918)
  3. Ahmed Tevfik Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1918–1919)
Persia –
- Monarch - Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shah of Persia (1909–1925)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Abdol Majid Mirza, Prime Minister of Persia (1917–1918)
  2. Hassan Pirnia, Prime Minister of Persia (1918)
  3. Samad Khan Momtaz os-Saltaneh, Prime Minister of Persia (1918)
  4. Hassan Pirnia, Prime Minister of Persia (1918–1920)
Siam –
- Monarch - Vajiravudh, King of Siam (1910–1925)
Yemen (unrecognized state) –
- Yemen Vilayet declared its independence on 30 October 1918
- Monarch - Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din, Imam of Yemen (1904–1948)^[3]

Australia and Oceania

Australia –
- Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor-General - Sir Ronald Munro Ferguson, Governor-General of Australia (1914–1920)
- Prime Minister - Billy Hughes, Prime Minister of Australia (1915–1923)
New Zealand –
- Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor-General - Arthur Foljambe, Earl of Liverpool, Governor-General of New Zealand^[4] (1912–1920)
- Prime Minister - William Massey, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1912–1925)

Europe

Albania (under invasion) –
- Military governor -
  1. Adolf Freiherr von Rhemen zu Barensfeld, Austro-Hungarian Governor-general in Serbia (1916–1918)
  2. Hermann Kövess von Kövessháza, Austro-Hungarian Governor-general in Serbia (1918)
- Head of State - Turhan Përmeti, Chairman of the Provisional Government of Albania (1918–1920)
Andorra –
- Monarchs -
  - French Co-Prince - Raymond Poincaré, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1913–1920)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Charles Romeu (1887–1933)
  - Episcopal Co-Prince - Juan Benlloch i Vivó, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1907–1919)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Joseph de Riba (1915–1933)
- First Syndic - Josep Vilanova, First Syndic of Andorra (1918–1920)
Armenia (unrecognized state) –
- declared independence on 28 May 1918
- Head of State -
  1. Aram Manukian, Acting Chairman of the National Council of Armenia (1918)
  2. Avetis Aharonyan, Chairman of the National Council of Armenia (1918)
  3. Avetik Sahakyan, Chairman of the Council of Armenia (1918–1919)
- Prime Minister - Hovhannes Katchaznouni, Prime Minister of Armenia (1918–1919)
- Kars Republic (unrecognized state)
  - declared independence on 1 December 1918
  - Head of State - Cihangirzade İbrahim Bey, Head of State of the Kars Republic (1918–1919)
Austria-Hungary –
- dissolved in October 1918
- Monarch - Charles, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1916–1918)
- Heads of Government -
  - Cisleithania (Austria)
    1. Ernst Seidler von Feuchtenegg, Minister-President of Austria (1917–1918)
    2. Baron Max Hussarek von Heinlein, Minister-President of Austria (1918)
    3. Heinrich Lammasch, Minister-President of Austria (1918)
  - Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (Hungary)
    1. Sándor Wekerle, Prime Minister of Hungary (1917–1918)
    2. Count János Hadik, Prime Minister of Hungary (1918)
Azerbaijan –
- Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (unrecognized state)
  - declared independence on 28 May 1918
  - Head of State -
    1. Mammad Amin Rasulzade, Chairman of the National Council of Azerbaijan (1918)
    2. Alimardan Topchubashov, Chairman of Parliament of Azerbaijan (1918–1920)
  - Prime Minister - Fatali Khan Khoyski, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1918–1919)
  - Republic of Aras (unrecognized state)
    - declared independence in December 1918
    - Head of State - Jafargulu Khan Nakhchivanski, Head of State of the Republic of Aras (1918–1919)
- Centrocaspian Dictatorship (unrecognized state)
  - existed between 1 August and 15 September 1918
  - Head of State - Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sadovsky, Chairman of the Central Caspian Dictatorship (1918)
Belarus (unrecognized state) –
- declared its independence on 25 March 1918
- Head of State -
  1. Jan Sierada, Chairman of the Rada of Belarus (1918)
  2. Pavel Alyaksyuk, Chairman of the Rada of Belarus (1918)
  3. Iosif Lyosik, Chairman of the Rada of Belarus (1918)
- Premier -
  1. Jazep Varonka, Chairman of the People's Secretariat of Belarus (1918)
  2. Jan Sierada, Chairman of the People's Secretariat of Belarus (1918)
  3. Raman Skirmunt, Chairman of the People's Secretariat of Belarus (1918)
  4. Anton Luckevich, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Belarus (1918–1919)
Belgium –
- Monarch - Albert I, King of the Belgians (1909–1934)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Count Charles de Broqueville, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1911–1918)
  2. Gérard Cooreman, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1918)
  3. Léon Delacroix, Prime Minister of Belgium (1918–1920)
Bulgaria –
- Monarch -
  1. Ferdinand I, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1887–1918)^[5]
  2. Boris III, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1918–1943)
- Premier -
  1. Vasil Radoslavov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1913–1918)
  2. Aleksandar Malinov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1918)
  3. Teodor Teodorov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1918–1919)
Czechoslovakia –
- declared independence on 28 October 1918
- President - Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, President of Czechoslovakia (1918–1935)
- Prime Minister - Karel Kramář, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1918–1919)
Denmark –
- Monarch - Christian X, King of Denmark (1912–1947)
- Prime Minister - Carl Theodor Zahle, Prime Minister of Denmark (1913–1920)
Estonia –
- Republic of Estonia (unrecognized state)
  - the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia declared its independence on 24 February 1918
  - Head of State - Konstantin Päts, Prime Minister of the Provisional Government of Estonia (1918–1919)
  - Naissaar (Soviet Republic of Soldiers and Fortress-Builders of Nargen) (unrecognized state)
    - independence extinguished on 26 February 1918
    - Head of State - Stepan Maximovich Petrichenko, Leader of Naissaar (1917–1918)
- Commune of the Working People of Estonia (unrecognized state)
  - declared on 29 November 1918
  - Head of State - Jaan Anvelt, Chairman of the Council of The Commune of the Working People of Estonia (1918–1919)
Finland –
- Finland
  - Acting Head of State -
    1. Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, Regent of Finland^[6] (1917–1918)
    2. Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Regent of Finland (1918–1919)
  - Monarch - Frederick Charles, King of Finland (1918)^[7]
  - Prime Minister -
    1. Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, Prime Minister of Finland (1917–1918)
    2. Juho Kusti Paasikivi, Prime Minister of Finland (1918)
    3. Lauri Ingman, Prime Minister of Finland (1918–1919)
- Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
  - claimed independence between 28 January and 25 April 1918
  - Head of State - Valfrid Perttilä, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Finland (1918)
  - Head of Government -
France –
- President - Raymond Poincaré, President of France (1913–1920)
- Prime Minister - Georges Clemenceau, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1917–1920)
Georgia
- declared independence on 26 May 1918
- Head of State - Noe Zhordania, President of the Parliament of Georgia (1918–1919)
- Prime Minister - Noe Zhordania, Prime Minister of Georgia (1918–1921)
German-Austria (unrecognized state) –
- declared on 12 November 1918
- Head of State - Franz Dinghofer + Johann Nepomuk Hauser + Karl Seitz, Directory of the Council of State of German-Austria (1918–1919)
- Chancellor - Karl Renner, Chancellor of German-Austria (1918–1920)
Germany –
- Monarch - Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888–1918)
- Transitional Head of State -
  1. Richard Müller + Hans-Georg von Beerfelde + Brutus Molkenbuhr, Chairmen of the Executive Council of the Workers' and Soldiers' Councils of Greater Berlin (1918)
  2. Robert Leinert + Max Cohen-Reuss + Hermann Müller, Chairmen of the Central Council of Germany (1918–1919)
- Head of Government -
  1. Count Georg von Hertling, Chancellor of Germany (1917–1918)
  2. Prince Maximilian of Baden, Chancellor of Germany (1918)
  3. Friedrich Ebert, Executive chairman of the Council of People's Commissioners of Germany (1918–1919)
Greece –
- Monarch - Alexander, King of the Hellenes (1917–1920)
- Prime Minister - Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime Minister of Greece (1917–1920)
Hungary (unrecognized state) –
- proclaimed its independence on 16 November 1918
- President - Count Mihály Károlyi, Provisional President of Hungary (1918–1919)
- Prime Minister - Count Mihály Károlyi, Prime Minister of Hungary (1918–1919)
Iceland –
- gained independence on 1 December 1918
- Minister for Iceland - Jón Magnússon, Minister for Iceland (1917–1918)
- Monarch - Christian X, King of Iceland (1918–1944)
- Prime Minister - Jón Magnússon, Prime Minister of Iceland (1917–1922)
Italy –
- Monarch - Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy (1900–1946)
- Prime Minister - Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1917–1919)
Latvia –
- Latvia (unrecognized state) –
  - declared independence on 18 November 1918
  - Head of State - Jānis Čakste, President of the People's Council of Latvia (1918–1927)
  - Prime Minister - Kārlis Ulmanis, Prime Minister of Latvia (1918–1921)
- Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic (unrecognized state)
  - established on 17 December 1918
  - Head of State - Pēteris Stučka, Chairman of the Government of Latvia (1918–1920)
Liechtenstein –
- Monarch - Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1859–1929)
- Administrator -
  1. Leopold Freiherr von Imhof, Land Administrator of Liechtenstein (1914–1918)
  2. Martin Ritter, President of Provisional Executive Committee of Liechtenstein (1918)
  3. Prince Karl Aloys, Land Administrator of Liechtenstein (1918–1920)
Lithuania –
- Lithuania (unrecognized state)
  - independence declared on 16 February 1918, the Kingdom of Lithuania was superseded by Lithuania on 2 November 1918
  - Monarch - Mindaugas II, King of Lithuania (1918)
  - Republican Head of State - Antanas Smetona, Chairman of the Lithuanian National Council Presidium (1918–1920)
  - Prime Minister -
    1. Augustinas Voldemaras, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1918)
    2. Mykolas Sleževičius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1918–1919)
- Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (unrecognized state)
  - established on 16 December 1918
  - Communist Party Leader - Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Lithuanian Communist Party (1918–1919)
  - Head of State - Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas, Chairman of the Revolutionary Government of Lithuania (1918–1919)
Luxembourg –
- Monarch - Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1912–1919)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Léon Kauffman, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1917–1918)
  2. Émile Reuter, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1918–1925)
Moldavia –
- independence declared on 6 February 1918, united with Romania on 9 April 1918
- President - Ion Inculeț, President of Moldavia (1917–1918)
Monaco –
- Monarch - Albert I, Prince of Monaco (1889–1922)
- Head of Government - Georges Jaloustre, Acting Minister of State of Monaco (1918–1919)
Montenegro –
- annexed by Serbia on 28 November 1918
- Monarch - Nicholas I, King of Montenegro (1860–1918)^[8]
- Prime Minister - Evgenije Popović, Prime Minister of Montenegro (1917–1918)
Netherlands –
- Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)^[9]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Pieter Cort van der Linden, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands (1913–1918)
  2. Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands (1918–1925)
Norway –
- Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)^[9]
- Prime Minister - Gunnar Knudsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1913–1920)
Poland –
- the German-controlled Kingdom of Poland gained independence gradually in the autumn of 1918 as the Republic of Poland
- Head of State - Józef Piłsudski, Chief of State of Poland (1918–1922)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Jan Kucharzewski, Prime Minister of Poland (1917–1918)
  2. Antoni Ponikowski, Prime Minister of Poland (1918)
  3. Jan Kanty Steczkowski, Prime Minister of Poland (1918)
  4. Józef Świeżyński, Prime Minister of Poland (1918)
  5. Władysław Wróblewski, Acting Prime Minister of Poland (1918)
  6. Ignacy Daszyński, Premier of the Provisional People's Government of Poland (1918)
  7. Jędrzej Moraczewski, President of the Ministers of Poland (1918–1919)
- Komancza (unrecognized state)
  - declared its independence on 4 November 1918
  - Head of State - Pantelejmon Shpylka, President of the Council of Komancza (1918–1919)
- Lemko (unrecognized state)
  - declared its independence on 5 December 1918
  - President - Jaroslav Kacmarcyk, President of Lemko (1918–1920)
- Tarnobrzeg (unrecognized state)
  - declared its independence on 6 November 1918
  - Leaders - Tomasz Dąbal and Eugeniusz Okon (1918–1919)
- Zakopane (unrecognized state)
  - declared its independence on 13 October, and joined Poland on 16 November 1918
  - President - Jaroslav Kacmarcyk, President of Lemko (1918–1920)
Portugal –
- President -
  1. Sidónio Pais, President of Portugal (1917–1918)
  2. Government without a president (1918)
  3. Government presided by João do Canto e Castro (1918)
  4. João do Canto e Castro, President of Portugal (1918–1919)
- Head of Government -
  1. Sidónio Pais, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1917–1918)
  2. Sidónio Pais, President of Portugal (1918)
  3. Government without a president (1918)
  4. João do Canto e Castro, President of the Government of Portugal (1918)
  5. João do Canto e Castro, President of Portugal (1918, until 1919 as President but not head of government)
  6. João Tamagnini Barbosa, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1918–1919)
Romania –
- Monarch - Ferdinand I, King of the Romanians (1914–1927)
- Premier -
  1. Ion I. C. Brătianu, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1914–1918)
  2. Alexandru Averescu, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1918)
  3. Alexandru Marghiloman, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1918)
  4. Constantin Coandă, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1918)
  5. Ion I. C. Brătianu, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1918–1919)
- Banat Republic (recognized state)
  - declared its independence on 1 November 1918, occupied by Serbia on 15 November, later divided up between Romania and Serbia
  - President - Otto Roth, President of Banat (1918)
Russia –
- Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (unrecognized state)
  - the Russian Republic was superseded by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic on 28 January 1918
  - Head of State - Yakov Sverdlov, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets (1917–1919)
  - Premier - Vladimir Lenin, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Russia (1917–1924)^[10]
- Provisional All-Russian Government
  - Head of State -
    1. Nikolai Avksentiev, Chairman of the Provisional All-Russian Government of Russia (1918)
    2. Vasily Boldyrev, Chairman of the Provisional All-Russian Government of Russia (1918)
    3. Alexander Kolchak, Supreme Ruler of Russia (1918–1920)
  - Premier - Pyotr Vologodsky, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Russia (1918–1919)
  - Alash (unrecognized state)
    - Head of State - Alikhan Bokeikhanov, Chairman of the Alash Orda (1917–1920)
  - Crimea (unrecognized state)
    - disestablished in January 1918
    - President - Noman Çelebicihan, President of Crimea (1917–1918)
  - Don (unrecognized state)
    - Head of State -
      1. Alexey Kaledin, Ataman of Don (1917–1918)
      2. Anatoliy Nazarov, Ataman of Don (1918)
      3. Pyotr Popov, Ataman of Don (1918)
      4. Pyotr Krasnov, Acting Ataman of Don (1918–1919)
  - Idel-Ural State (unrecognized state)
    - disestablished at the end of 1918
    - President - Sadri Maksudi Arsal, President of Idel-Ural (1917–1918)
  - Kuban (partially recognized state)
    - declared its independence on 16 February 1918
    - Head of State -
      1. Luka Bych, Chairman of Kuban (1917–1918)
      2. Nikolai Ryabovol, Chairman of Kuban (1918–1919)
  - Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (partially recognized state)
    - Head of State -
      1. Tapa Tchermoeff, Prime Minister of the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (1917–1918)
      2. Vassangirai Dzhabagi, Prime Minister of the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (1918)
      3. Pshemaho Kotsev, Prime Minister of the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (1918–1919)
San Marino –
- Captains Regent -
  1. Angelo Manzoni Borghesi and Giuseppe Balducci, Captains Regent of San Marino (1917–1918)
  2. Ferruccio Martelli and Ermenegildo Mularoni, Captains Regent of San Marino (1918)
  3. Protogene Belloni and Francesco Morri, Captains Regent of San Marino (1918–1919)
Serbia –
- merged with the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes on 1 December 1918
- Monarch - Peter I, King of Serbia (1903–1918)^[11]
- Prime Minister - Nikola Pašić, President of the Ministerial Council of Serbia (1912–1918)
Serbs, Croats and Slovenes –
- was formed by the merger of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs and the Kingdom of Serbia on 1 December 1918
- Monarch - Peter I, King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1921)^[11]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Nikola Pašić, Acting Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918)
  2. Stojan Protić, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1919)
Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (unrecognized state)
- declared its independence on 29 October 1918 and merged with the Kingdom of Serbia to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes on 1 December
- Head of State - Anton Korošec, President of the National Council of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (1918)
Spain –
- Monarch - Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886–1931)
- Prime Minister -
Sweden –
- Monarch - Gustaf V, King of Sweden (1907–1950)
- Prime Minister - Nils Edén, Prime Minister of Sweden (1917–1920)
Switzerland –
- Federal Council:^[12]
  Eduard Müller (1895–1919), Giuseppe Motta (1911–1940), Camille Decoppet (1912–1919), Edmund Schulthess (1912–1935), Felix Calonder (1913–1920, President), Gustave Ador (1917–1919), Robert Haab (1917–1929)
Transcaucasia –
- declared its independence on 24 February 1918, and was dissolved on 28 May 1918
- Head of State - Nikolay Chkheidze, Chairman of the Diet of Transcaucasia (1918)
- Prime Minister - Akaki Chkhenkeli, Prime Minister of Transcaucasia (1918)
Ukraine –
- Ukrainian People's Republic / Ukrainian State
  - the Ukrainian People's Republic declared its independence on 22 January 1918, was temporarily superseded by the Ukrainian State between 29 April and 14 December 1918
  - Head of State -
    1. Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Chairman of the Central Rada of Ukraine (1917–1918)
    2. Pavlo Skoropadskyi, Hetman of Ukraine (1918)
    3. Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Chairman of the Directory of Ukraine (1918–1919)
  - Premier -
    1. Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Chairman of the Council of People's Ministers of Ukraine^[13] (1917–1918)
    2. Vsevolod Holubovych, Chairman of the Council of People's Ministers of Ukraine (1918)
    3. Mykola Sakhno-Ustymovych, Otaman of the Council of People's Ministers of Ukraine (1918)
    4. Mykola Vasylenko, Acting Otaman of the Council of People's Ministers of Ukraine (1918)
    5. Fedir Lyzohub, Otaman of the Council of People's Ministers of Ukraine (1918)
    6. Serhiy Gerbel, Otaman of the Council of People's Ministers of Ukraine (1918)
    7. Volodymyr Chekhivsky, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Ukraine (1918–1919)
- West Ukrainian People's Republic –
  - declared its independence on 1 November 1918
  - Head of State - Yevhen Petrushevych, President of the Ukrainian National Council (1918–1919)
  - Premier - Kost Levytsky, Chairman of the State Secretariat of West Ukraine (1918–1919)
United Kingdom –
- Monarch - George V, King of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
- Prime Minister - David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1916–1922)

North America and the Caribbean

Canada –
- Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor General - Victor Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire, Governor General of Canada (1916–1921)
- Prime Minister - Sir Robert Borden, Prime Minister of Canada (1911–1920)
Costa Rica –
- President - Federico Tinoco Granados, President of Costa Rica (1917–1919)
Cuba –
- President - Mario García Menocal, President of Cuba (1913–1921)
Dominican Republic (under US occupation) –
- Governor -
  1. Harry Shepard Knapp, Governor of Santo Domingo (1916–1918)
  2. Ben Hebard Fuller, Governor of Santo Domingo (1918–1919)
El Salvador –
- President -
  1. Carlos Meléndez, President of El Salvador (1915–1918)
  2. Alfonso Quiñónez Molina, Acting President of El Salvador (1918–1919)
Guatemala –
- President - Manuel Estrada Cabrera, President of Guatemala (1898–1920)
Haiti (under US occupation) –
- Military Commander -
  1. John H. Russell, Jr., Military Commander of Haiti (1917–1918)
  2. Albertus W. Catlin, Military Commander of Haiti (1918–1919)
- President - Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave, President of Haiti (1915–1922)
Honduras –
- President - Francisco Bertrand, President of Honduras (1913–1919)
Mexico –
- President - Venustiano Carranza, President of Mexico (1915–1920)
Newfoundland –
- Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor - Sir Charles Alexander Harris, Governor of Newfoundland (1917–1922)
- Prime Minister - Sir William F. Lloyd, Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1917–1919)
Nicaragua –
- President - Emiliano Chamorro Vargas, President of Nicaragua (1917–1921)
Panama –
- President -
  1. Ramón Maximiliano Valdés, President of Panama (1916–1918)
  2. Ciro Luis Urriola, Acting President of Panama (1918)
  3. Pedro Antonio Díaz, Acting President of Panama (1918)
  4. Belisario Porras Barahona, President of Panama (1918–1920)
United States –
- President - Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States (1913–1921)

South America

Argentina –
- President - Hipólito Yrigoyen, President of Argentina (1916–1922)
Bolivia –
- President - José Gutiérrez, President of Bolivia (1917–1920)
Brazil –
- President -
  1. Venceslau Brás, President of Brazil (1914–1918)
  2. Delfim Moreira, Acting President of Brazil (1918–1919)
Chile –
- President - Juan Luis Sanfuentes, President of Chile (1915–1920)
Colombia –
- President -
  1. José Vicente Concha, President of Colombia (1914–1918)
  2. Marco Fidel Suárez, President of Colombia (1918–1922)
Ecuador –
- President - Alfredo Baquerizo, President of Ecuador (1916–1920)
Paraguay –
- President - Manuel Franco, President of Paraguay (1916–1919)
Peru –
- President - José Pardo y Barreda, President of Peru (1915–1919)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Francisco Tudela y Varela, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1917–1918)
  2. Germán Arenas Zuñiga, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1918–1919)
Uruguay –
- President - Feliciano Viera, President of Uruguay (1915–1919)
Venezuela –
- President - Victorino Márquez Bustillos, Provisional President of Venezuela (1914–1922)

References

↑ Hussein bin Ali was Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908 and King of Hejaz from 1916.
↑ Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.
↑ Yemen only became independent in 1918.
↑ Arthur Foljambe was titled Governor of New Zealand until 1917.
↑ Bulgaria only became independent in 1908.
↑ Svinhufvud's title changed from Chairman of the Senate to Regent on 18 May 1918.
↑ Declined the crown before arriving into Finland.
↑ Montenegro was only recognized as an independence state in 1878.
1 2 In exile between 1940 and 1945.
↑ Lenin was head of government of Russia (Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars) from 1917 to 1924 and head of government of the Soviet Union (Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars) from 1922 to 1924.
1 2 Peter I was King of Serbia from 1903 to 1918 and King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from 1918 to 1921.
↑ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
↑ The title changed from Chairman of the General Secretariat to Chairman of the Council of People's Ministers on 22 January 1918.

External links

State leaders by year of the 20th century

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