List of purpose-built national capitals

Lists of capitals
Of countries in alphabetical order by latitude by population Former Purpose-built Capitals, largest and second-largest cities by country Countries whose capital is not their largest city Countries with multiple capitals Timeline of country and capital changes
Of country subdivisions Capitals outside the territories they serve Purpose-built

This is a list of capital cities that were specially designed, planned and built to be a national or regional capital.

Built

City	Country	Notes
Abuja	Nigeria	From 1991, moved from Lagos in order to provide a capital city that was a mix of the three major ethnic groups, the Yoruba, Igbo, and Hausa-Fulani. Other reasons include more central geographic location and to avoid overcrowded Lagos.
Baghdad	Abbasid Caliphate	Victorious Abbasid rulers wanted their own capital to rule from. Choosing a site north of the defeated Sassanid's capital of Ctesiphon (and also just north of where ancient Babylon once stood), on 30 July 762,[25] the caliph Al-Mansur commissioned the construction of the city.
Belmopan	British Honduras now Belize	From 1970, moved from Belize City after 1961's Hurricane Hattie caused extensive damage to the city.
Brasília	Brazil	From 1960, moved from Rio de Janeiro because of overcrowding, to encourage inland growth, to make the location of the capital more regionally neutral as laid out in the Brazilian constitution in 1891, and to avoid the vulnerability to attacks by sea.
Bridgetown	Barbados	Moved from James Town to Bridgetown in 1628, due to better topography for a finer shipping harbour.
Canberra	Australia	Designed by Chicago, Illinois architects Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin. The site was selected as a compromise between rivals Sydney, New South Wales and Melbourne, Victoria, Australia's two biggest cities. It is situated in the Australian Capital Territory, found in south-east New South Wales. One of the reasons that the government wanted an inland capital city was that Sydney and Melbourne were both susceptible to sea attacks. Canberra means "Meeting Place" in the Ngunnawal language of the local Ngabri indigenous aborigines.
Gaborone	Botswana	From 1964, moved from Mahikeng, South Africa when Botswana became an independent country^[1]
Islamabad	Pakistan	From 1967, moved from Karachi, declared Capital in 1974. Development in Pakistan was for long time focused on the colonial centre of Karachi, and President Ayub Khan wanted it to be equally distributed. Moreover, Karachi was located at one end of the country, making it vulnerable to attacks from the Arabian Sea. A capital which was easily accessible from all parts of the country was needed. The newly selected location of Islamabad was closer to army headquarters in Rawalpindi and the disputed territory of Kashmir in the North.
Lima	Viceroyalty of Peru	From 1535. Cusco was the capital of the precedent Inca Empire and when Spanish took control of the empire Lima was founded to function as capital. Francisco Pizarro founded Lima at the sea due to advantages of being closer contacts with Panama and the rest of the Spanish Empire and more protected from the war-torn highlands of Peru.
Naypyidaw	Myanmar	From 2005, moved from Yangon to have their military government more centrally located geographically and "to keep an eye" on rebel groups forming and training for coups in the jungles and away from the political activities of Yangon
New Delhi	India	From 1912, moved from Calcutta; note that the neighboring city of Delhi already existed and had previously served as the capital of the Mughal Empire
Ngerulmud	Palau	From 2006, moved from Koror
Nouakchott	Mauritania	From 1958, moved from Saint-Louis, Senegal
Palikir	Federated States of Micronesia	From 1989, moved from Kolonia
Putrajaya	Malaysia	From 2002, the administrative branch moved from Kuala Lumpur. However, Kuala Lumpur remains the official capital.
Quezon City	Philippines	From 1948, moved from Manila; returned to Manila in 1976
Washington, D.C.	United States	From 1800, moved from Philadelphia

Proposed

Welthauptstadt Germania was the proposed renewal of Berlin, Germany as a planned "world capital", although only a small portion was built between 1937 and 1943.
In 2010, Indonesia was mulling the relocation of its overcrowded capital from Jakarta to a proposed new site
In February 2011, the Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan adopted a resolution to study moving the capital of the new Republic of South Sudan that was to be created in July of that year to a new, planned city. In September 2011, the government of South Sudan approved a project to build a new capital at Ramciel in Lakes state; it is projected that the project will take at least five years.
Oyala is under construction and is expected to replace Malabo as Equatorial Guinea's capital city.
in March 2015, Egypt proposed building a new capital. The Proposed new capital of Egypt falls east to the old one, the city is projected to host 40 million people by 2050 ^[2]

References

↑ Njeru, Purity (2009). "History of Gaborone". Nairobi, Kenya: The African Executive. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved June 20, 2009.
↑ https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/mar/16/new-cairo-egypt-plans-capital-city-desert

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