List of oldest buildings in Canada
This is a list of the oldest surviving buildings and structures of significance in each province and territory of Canada.
Alberta
First Nations peoples in Alberta were generally nomadic and did not create permanent structures, however they did often occupy the same site annually for many generations, and created permanent markers in the form of tipi rings and medicine wheels. The first Europeans to build in Alberta were the fur traders of the North West Company who constructed the first trading posts in Alberta at Fort Chipewyan and Fort Vermilion in 1788. Few buildings from the fur trade era remain.
There is said to be 25 buildings built prior to 1882 still surviving in Alberta. Most buildings considered "historic" in Alberta are from the post-railway era (e.g. after 1885 in Calgary, after 1891 in Edmonton).
Building or complex | Built | Location | Architect |
---|---|---|---|
Father Lacombe Chapel | 1861[1] | St. Albert | Fr. Albert Lacombe |
Clerk's Quarters | 1865[2] | Fort Victoria | George Flett |
Rocky Mountain House Chimneys | 1868[3] | Rocky Mountain House | Hudson's Bay Company |
Hunt House | 1876[4] | Calgary | Hudson's Bay Company |
C.O. Card House | 1887[5] | Cardston | |
Banff Springs Hotel | 1888 | Banff | Canadian Pacific Railway |
Lougheed House | 1891 | Calgary | James & Isabella Lougheed |
Ralph Connor Church | 1891[6] | Canmore | |
John Walter house | 1875[7] | Edmonton | |
Lac La Biche Convent | 1894[8] | Lac La Biche | Oblates of Mary Immaculate |
Roland Michener House | 1894[9] | Lacombe | |
Union Bank | 1899[10] | Fort Macleod | David Grier |
British Columbia
Building | Height [m] | Floors | Built | City | Architect |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fort Langley storehouse[11] | 1 | 1840s[12] | Fort Langley | ||
Fort Kamloops log cabin | 1840s | Kamloops | |||
St. Ann’s schoolhouse | 1844 | Victoria | |||
Tod House | 1851 | Oak Bay | |||
Helmcken House | 1852 | Victoria | |||
Craigflower Manor[13] | 2 | 1853 | Victoria | Hudson's Bay Company | |
The Bastion | 3 | 1853-55 | Nanaimo | Hudson's Bay Company | |
St. John the Divine Church | 1859 | Maple Ridge[14][15] | |||
Father Pandosy Mission[16] | 1859 | Kelowna | |||
Dodd House | 1859 | Saanich | |||
Fisgard Lighthouse | 1860 | Victoria | |||
Race Rocks Lighthouse | 1860 | Great Race Rock | |||
Naramata Heritage Inn & Spa | 1909 | Naramata | |||
City Hall Museum | 1912 | Chilliwack | |||
Brigadier Murphy | Chilliwack | ||||
Building 24 | Chilliwack |
Manitoba
Building | Height [m] | Floors | Built | City | Architect | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prince of Wales Fort | 1731-41 | near Churchill | Royal Engineers | |||
Lower Fort Garry | 1831 to 1848 | near Selkirk, Manitoba | Hudson Bay Co. | |||
Big House, (Lower Fort Garry) | 1832 | near Selkirk, Manitoba Hudson Bay Co. | ||||
The Archway Warehouse | 1840-1841 | Norway House | ||||
St Andrews on the Red[17] | 1 | 1845-1849 | RM of St Andrews | |||
Gray Nuns' Convent (Le Musée de Saint-Boniface Museum)[18] | 2 | 1845-1851 | St. Boniface(Winnipeg) | |||
Seven Oaks House Museum[19] | 2 | 1851 | Winnipeg | John Inkster | ||
Ross House Museum | 2 | 1852 | Winnipeg | |||
Old St. James Anglican Church[20] | 1853 | Winnipeg, Manitoba | ||||
St. Peter Dynevor Anglican Church[21] | 1853 | R. M. St. Clements | ||||
Upper Fort Garry Gate | 1853 | Winnipeg | ||||
Kildonan Presbyterian Church[22] | 1854 | Winnipeg, Manitoba | ||||
St. Andrews Rectory[23] | 2 | 1854 | RM of St Andrews | |||
Brown House | 1856 | Winnipeg, Manitoba | ||||
Miss Davis’ School / Twin Oaks | 2 | 1858 | R.M. of St. Andrews | |||
St. Peter's Dynevor Anglican Church Rectory | 2 | 1860 | R.M. of St. Andrews | |||
St. Clement’s Anglican Church[24] | 1861 | RM of St. Andrews | ||||
Barber House[25] | 2 | 1862 | Winnipeg | |||
Bunn House | 1862 | Selkirk | ||||
St. Anne's Anglican Church[26] | 1862-1864 | RM of Portage la Prairie | ||||
Kildonan School[27] | 1865 | Winnipeg | ||||
Captain William Kennedy House | 1866 | St. Andrews, Manitoba | ||||
Christ Anglican Church | 1868-1870 | Fort Alexander, Powerview, Manitoba, | ||||
Inkster House[28] | 1874 | Winnipeg | ||||
Little Britain United Church[29] | 1874 (est. 1852) | R.M. of St. Andrews | ||||
Louis Riel House | 2 | 1880-1881 | St. Vital, Winnipeg | |||
Vaughan Street Gaol[30] | 1881 | Winnipeg | ||||
Government House | 1883 | Winnipeg | ||||
Holy Trinity Anglican Church[31] | 1 | 1884 | Winnipeg | Charles Wheeler | ||
Neepawa County Courthouse | 3 | 1884 | Neepawa | C. Osborn Wikenden | ||
Saint-Léon Roman Catholic Church | 2 | 1894 | Saint-Léon | |||
H. P. Tergesen General Store | 1 | 1898 | Gimli | |||
Vendome Hotel | 4 | 1898 | Winnipeg | Henry S. Griffiths | ||
Old St. Michael’s Ukrainian Orthodox Church | 1898-1899 | RM Stuartburn(Oldest surviving Ukrainian church in Canada) | ||||
Isbister School | 2 | 1899 | Winnipeg | |||
Eaton's Department Store* | 46 | 9 | 1904 | Winnipeg | John Woodman | |
Royal Tower | 48 | 10 | 1904 | Winnipeg | Frank Darling & John A. Pearson | |
228 Notre Dame | 44 | 11 | 1911 | Winnipeg | ||
Confederation Building | 46 | 12 | 1911 | Winnipeg | J. Wilson Gray | |
National Bank Building | 50 | 13 | 1911 | Winnipeg | John D. Atchison | |
Electric Railway Chambers | 45 | 12 | 1912 | Winnipeg | Pratt, Ross/Frost | |
Hotel Fort Garry | 59 | 14 | 1913 | Winnipeg | Ross and MacFarlane | |
Marlbourgh Hotel | 42 | 10 | 1913 | Winnipeg | J. Chisholm & Son | |
Paris Building | 42 | 11 | 1915 | Winnipeg | Woodman & Carey | |
Bank of Hamilton Building | 45 | 10 | 1916 | Winnipeg | John D. Atchison | |
Brant-Argyle School | 2 | 1914 | Argyle | Frank R. Evans |
New Brunswick
Before 1784, New Brunswick was part of the colony of Nova Scotia and the majority of the population was aboriginal. The native populations of the land that is now New Brunswick were a nomadic people and thus there are few remains of their settlements. However, in 1784 New Brunswick became its own colony due to an increasingly non-aboriginal population. The area was mostly forest until United Empire Loyalists started to arrive, and European-style buildings were not constructed for the most part until after their arrival. Many Acadian homes and settlements were destroyed by the British during the expulsion of the Acadians known as the Great Expulsion from 1755 to 1763. Acadians were a people of French descent who lived in New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia for over a century before the British took over the lands that were New France. After the expulsion there was a short wave of settlement by a peoples known as the New England Planters. They were a small group without a lot of remaining architecture.
Building | Height [m] | Floors | Built | City | Architect | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treitz Haus | 2½ | 1769 | Moncton | The eastern section of the building was completed in 1769 with the second addition completed in the 1820s. | ||
John Dunn House | 3 | 1784 | St. Andrews | John Dunn | Significant in that it was possibly the first house built in Saint Andrews taller than two floors. A United Empire Loyalist, Dunn brought most of the materials to build the house with him from New York in 1784. | |
Odell House, Fredericton | 3 | 1785 | Fredericton | The oldest house in Fredericton. | ||
Smyth House | 1½ | 1787 | Fredericton | This house is an excellent example of loyalist construction in late 18th-century New Brunswick. It was built out of necessity and with the available material: wood. | ||
Reverend Samuel Andrews House | 1½ | 1790 | Ministers Island | |||
Steeves House Museum[32] | 2 | 1812 | Hillsborough | |||
St. Andrews Blockhouse | 1813 | St. Andrews | One of three that once guarded St. Andrews. However, it never saw battle. | |||
Carleton Martello Tower | 2 | 1815 | Saint John | |||
Loyalist House | 2½ | 1810-1817 | Saint John | David Daniel Merrit | ||
Free Meeting House | 1 | 1821 | Moncton | Constructed as a meeting place for all denominations as a place of worship until churches could be built for their respective use. | ||
Williston House | 2 | 1824 | Miramichi | Andrew Currie | The oldest building in the Miramichi area. | |
St. John's Anglican (Stone) Church | 1825 | Saint John | ||||
Government House, Fredericton | 1826-1828 | Fredericton | James Woolford | Built after the former Lieutenant-Governors mansion burned to the ground in 1825. | ||
Sir Howard Douglas Hall, University of New Brunswick | 1826-27 | Fredericton | James Woolford | Also known as "the Old Arts Building", it is the oldest building still officially in use by a university in Canada. It was designed by the same architect as Government House. The third floor was added to accommodate more staff and students in 1876-77. | ||
Saint John County Court House | 3 | 1829 | Saint John | John Cunningham | Inside the courthouse is a free-standing spiral stairway, one of the largest in the country. | |
Charles Connell House | 2½ | 1839 | Woodstock | |||
Christ Church Cathedral | 60 | 1853 | Fredericton | Frank Wills | ||
Fredericton City Hall | 47 | 4 | 1875-76 | Fredericton | McKean & Fairweather | |
Bank of New Brunswick (building) | 2 | 1879 | Saint John | Henry F. Starbuck | This building is intended to represent not only itself but the dozens of other buildings destroyed overnight by The Great Fire of Saint John, New Brunswick in 1877. Built on Prince William Street, the Bank of New Brunswick building is encompassed by blocks of other buildings constructed by several other architects between 1877 and 1881 in the area known today as the Trinity Royal Heritage Conservation Area. | |
New Brunswick Legislature | 41 | 4 | 1882 | Fredericton | J.C. Dumaresq | Constructed with stone after the first, built of wood, was destroyed by fire in 1880. Also of note on the Parliament Square site is the Old Education Building constructed in 1816 of stone with two more floors added in 1869. The Departmental building was completed in 1888. |
Marysville Cotton Mill | 4 | 1883-85 | Fredericton | Greene and Company Mill Architects and Engineers | The imposing, four-storey, red-brick cotton mill building features a flat-roofed central tower, and numerous multi-pane mullion windows. It was Canada's second largest cotton mill at the time. The mill opened in the spring of 1885, with full production being reached in November 1889. It now sits rehabilitated to serve as government offices.[33] |
Newfoundland and Labrador
Building | Height [m] | Floors | Built | City | Architect |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anderson House | ? | 1805 | St. John's | James Anderson | |
Government House | ? | 1831 | St. John's | ||
Hebron Moravian Mission | ? | 1830s | Hebron | ||
Alexander House | ? | 1835 | Bonavista | ||
Cathedral of St. John the Baptist | 24 | 1847 | St. John's | George Gilbert Scott | |
Bank of British North America Building | ? | 1849 | St. John's | William Howe Greene | |
Colonial Building | ? | 1850 | St. John's | James Purcell | |
Church of St. James the Apostle | ? | 1852 | Battle Harbour | William Grey | |
Basilica of St. John The Baptist | 48 | 1855 | St. John's | J.P. Jones | |
Viking Houses | ca. 1000 | L'Anse aux Meadows | |||
Point Amour lighthouse | 32 | 1854-57 | Point Amour | Charles François Xavier Baby | |
Saint Bonaventure's College | ? | 1858 | St. John's |
Northwest Territories
Building | Height [m] | Floors | Built | City | Architect |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Wildcat Cafe | ? | 1 | 1937 | Yellowknife | ? |
Nova Scotia
Building | Built | City | Architect | Notes | Image | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fort Anne | 1702 -1708[34] | Fort Anne | Remnants of the French fort were incorporated into the English structure. The magazine was built in 1708. | |||
deGannes-Cosby House | 1708[35] | Annapolis Royal | Rebuilt following a fire in 1707. Original structure dated to 1693. | |||
Adams-Ritchie House | 1712[35] | Annapolis Royal | ||||
Williams House | 1715[36] | Annapolis Royal | ||||
Fort Edward Blockhouse | 1750[37] | Windsor | The Blockhouse was erected in 1750 as part of the Fort Edward complex. An Acadian church was torn down to make way for the Fort. Most of the other buildings (Barracks, etc.) were lost to a fire in 1922. | |||
St. Paul's Church | 1750 | Halifax | ||||
The Little Dutch Church | 1756 | Halifax | The structure dates to the early 1750s. The building was moved to its present location, consecrated, and saw the addition of a steeple in 1756. It remains the second-oldest surviving building in Halifax after St. Paul's Church. | |||
Sinclair Inn | 1710, 1712 & 1781 [38] | Annapolis Royal | The main structure known as the Sinclair Inn dates to 1781. The building incorporates within its structure two earlier French period buildings - the Soullard (1710) and Skene (1712) houses. The dates have been verified by dendrochronology. | |||
Sambro Island Light House | 1758 | Halifax | Oldest surviving lighthouse in North America | |||
Amberman House | 1760[36] | Annapolis Royal | ||||
St. John's Anglican Church | 1763 | Lunenburg | ||||
Morris House | 1764 | Halifax | ||||
Goodwin House | 1765[39] | Habitant | ||||
Old Barrington Meeting House | 1765 | Barrington Head | Wood frame building erected by settlers from New England; one of the oldest surviving buildings in English-speaking Canada, and a good example of a New England-style colonial meeting house | |||
Simeon Perkins House, | 1767 | Liverpool, Nova Scotia | ||||
Jeremiah Calkin House | 1768[40] | Gand Pre | ||||
Bailey House | 1770[41] | Annapolis Royal | ||||
Scott Manor House | 1770 | Halifax (Bedford) | ||||
Bonnett House | 1773[42] | Annapolis Royal | ||||
Kent Lodge | 1775 | Wolfville | ||||
Solomon House | 1775 | Lunenburg | ||||
Planters Barracks | 1778[43] | Starrs Point | ||||
Stewart House | 1779[44] | Grand Pre | ||||
Quaker Whaler House | 1785 | Dartmouth | ||||
Ross-Thomson House & Store | 1785 | Shelburne, Nova Scotia | ||||
Jost House | 1786 | Sydney, Nova Scotia | ||||
Randall House | 1786[45] | Wolfville | ||||
Cossit House | 1787 | Sydney, Nova Scotia | ||||
St. Mary's Anglican Church | 1790 | Auburn | ||||
Old Holy Trinity Anglican Church | 1791 | Middleton | ||||
Borden House | 1791 | Grand Pre | Boyhood home of Sir Robert Borden, Prime Minister of Canada, 1911-1920 | |||
Knaut-Rhuland House | 1793[46] | Lunenburg | ||||
Prince's Lodge (Music Room) | 1794 | Halifax | ||||
Saint Edward's Anglican Church | 1795[47] | Clementsport | ||||
Prince of Wales Tower | 1797 | Halifax | Oldest Martello Tower in North America | |||
Samuel Greenwood House | 1797 | Dartmouth | ||||
Fort Anne Officers' Quarters | 1798[48] | Annapolis Royal | ||||
St. George's (Round) Church | 1800 | Halifax | ||||
Halifax Town Clock | 1803 | Halifax | ||||
Argyle Township Court House and Jail | 1805 | Tusket | Canada's Oldest Standing Wooden Court House | |||
Government House | 1805 | Halifax | ||||
Acacia Grove/Prescott House | 1809[49] | Port Williams | ||||
Covenanter Church | 1811 | Grand Pre | ||||
Uniacke House | 1815 | Mount Uniacke | ||||
Admiralty House | 1819 | Halifax | ||||
Province House | 1819 | Halifax | ||||
St. Mary’s Basilica | 1829 | Halifax | ||||
All Saints Cathedral | 1910 | Halifax |
Ontario
Building | Height [m] | Floors | Built | City | Architect | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peter Secord House[50] | 1782 | Niagara-on-the-Lake (St. Davids) | ||||
Peter Secord Grist Mill[51] | 1782-1783 | Niagara on the Lake (St. Davids) | ||||
Mohawk Chapel | 1785 | Brantford | ||||
Hawley House | 1785 | Bath | ||||
Daniel Reynolds House[52] | 1786 | Wellington, Ontario | ||||
Nelles-Fitch House | 1791 (rear portion is from 1787)[53] | Grimsby | ||||
Lake Lodge | 1792 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ||||
Meyer's Mill[54] | 1792 | Belleville | ||||
Queen's Rangers' Cabin[55] | 1792 | Hamilton | ||||
Old Hay Bay Church[56] | 2 | 1792 | Adolphustown | |||
Fairfield House[57] | 1793 | Bath | ||||
De Puisaye House[58] | 1794 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ||||
Scadding Cabin | 1794 | Toronto | ||||
Brown-Jouppien House[59] | 1796 back/1802 front | St Catharines | ||||
Park House Museum | 1796 | Amherstburg | ||||
Whirlpool House[60] | 1796 | Niagara Falls | ||||
Powder Magazine (Fort George)[61] | 1796 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ||||
Battlefield House | 2 | 1796 | Hamilton (Stoney Creek) | |||
Backhouse Mill | 2 | 1798 | Norfolk County | |||
Nelles Manor[62] | 2 | 1798 | Grimsby | |||
Gordon House[63] | 2 | 1798 | Amherstburg | |||
Duff Baby House | 2 | 1798 | Windsor | |||
Buchner House[64] | 1 | 1799 | Niagara Falls | |||
Elias Smith House[65] | 1 | 1799 | Port Hope | |||
Field House[66] | 2 | 1800 or 1799[67] | Niagara-on-the-Lake | |||
McFarland House[68] | 2 | 1800 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | |||
Nelles Merchant Shop[69] | 2 | 1800 | Grimsby, Ontario | |||
Old Stone Shop[70] | 1 | 1800 | Grimsby | |||
Fort George | 1802 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ||||
St. Andrews Church | 1 | 1802 | St. Andrews | |||
Cline House[71] | 1 | 1803 | Grimsby | |||
Laura Secord House | 1 | 1803 | Queenston | |||
Richard Hatt Building[72] | 1 | 1804 | Dundas | |||
Bethune-Thompson House | 1 | 1805 (incorporates cabin from 1784[73]) | Williamstown | |||
Danner House[74] | 2 | 1805 | Niagara Falls | |||
McGregor-Cowan House[75] | 2 | 1805 | Windsor | |||
Tisdale House[76] | 2 | 1806 | Ancaster | |||
John Cox Cottage | 1 | 1807 | Toronto | |||
Elm Bank Farm First House | 1 | 1808 | Toronto | |||
Fort Erie (completed) | 1808 | Fort Erie | ||||
Hamilton-Kormos House[77] | 2 | 1808 | Queenston | |||
Rochleau House | 3 | 1808 | Kingston | |||
Ball's Grist Mill[78] | 2 | 1809 | Jordan | |||
Dalziel Barn | 3 | 1809 | Vaughan | |||
Gibraltar Point Lighthouse | 1809 | Toronto | ||||
St. Mark's Anglican Church[79] | 3 | 1809 (founded 1791) | Niagara-on-the-Lake | |||
White Chapel[80] | 2 | 1809 | Picton | |||
Upper House | 2 | 1809 | Allanburg | |||
Church House[81] | 2 | 1810 | Niagara Falls | |||
Corman House[82] | 2 | 1810 | Stoney Creek | |||
Springdale | 2 | 1810 | Flamborough (Hamilton) | Hector McKay | ||
Delta Mill[83] | 2 | 1810 | Delta | |||
Cherry Hill House[84] | 2 | 1811 (Stone wing) / 1822 | Mississauga, Ontario, | |||
John Bogart House[85] | 2 | 1811 | Newmarket | |||
St. Paul's Anglican Church (Originally Baptist)[86] | 1811 | Delta | ||||
St. Andrew's United Church (originally Presbyterian)[87] | 1812 (founded 1787) | Williamstown (South Glengarry) | ||||
François Baby House | 2 | 1812 | Windsor | |||
Lawson House[88] | 2 | 1812 | Fort Erie | |||
Lynde House | 1812 | Whitby | ||||
Pierre Belleperche House[89] | 1812 | Windsor | ||||
Ermatinger Old Stone House[90] | 1812 - 1814 | Sault Ste Marie, Ontario | ||||
"The Barracks"[91] | 1812-1814 | Cobourg | ||||
John Snider House[92] | 1813 | Colchester, Ontario | ||||
Fort York | 1813 (built on site of 1793 garrison) | Toronto | ||||
Fort Mississauga[93] | 1814 | Niagara on the Lake | ||||
Jacob Fry House[94] | 2 | 1815 | Jordan, Ontario | |||
Kerr-Wooll House (Demeath)[95] | 2 | 1815 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | |||
Old Post Inn[96] | 2 | 1815 | Ajax, Ontario | |||
The Olde Angel Inn | 1815 (Circa 1789) | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ||||
Woodruff-Rigby House[97] | 1815 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ||||
Inverarden[98] | 1816 | Cornwall | ||||
Josef Schneider Haus | 2 | 1816 | Kitchener | |||
Belleview | 2 | 1816 | Amherstburg | |||
Niagara Masonic Hall[99] | 2 | 1816 | Niagara on the Lake | |||
Ham House | 2 | 1816 | Bath | |||
Harmony Hall[100] | 2 | 1816 | Ancaster | |||
Macdonell-Williamson House | 2 | 1817 | East Hawkesbury | |||
The Grange | 3 | 1817 | Toronto | D'Arcy Boulton Jr | ||
Rogers House[101] | 3 | 1817, on foundation from 1792 | Niagara on the Lake | |||
Nash-Jackson House[102] | 2 | 1818 | Hamilton (Stoney Creek) | |||
Thames River Lighthouse[103] | 1818 | Essex County | ||||
Christ Church[104] | 1819 | Amherstburg | ||||
Clergue Blockhouse (stone part) | 2 | 1819 | Sault Ste Marie | |||
Barnum House | 2 | 1819 | Grafton, Ontario | |||
Ebenezer Doan House | 2 | 1819 | East Gwillimbury | |||
Brick Barracks, Fort Malden[105] | 1 | 1820 | Amherstburg, Ontario | |||
Niagara Apothecary[106] | 1820 | Niagara on the Lake | ||||
Furry Tavern[107] | 2 | 1821 | Lowbanks, Haldimand County | |||
Campbell House | 2 | 1822 | Toronto | |||
St. James Anglican Church | 2 | 1822 | Beckwith, Ontario (Franktown) | |||
St Mark's Anglican Church[108] | 1822 | Port Hope | ||||
St. Thomas Church | 1822 | St. Thomas, Ontario | ||||
John Moore House | 2 | 1824 | Sparta | |||
L'Orignal Court House and Jail | 2 | 1825 | L'Orignal | |||
St. Andrew's Anglican Church[109] | 1825 (founded in 1794) | Grimsby | ||||
St. John the Evangelist Anglican Church[110] | 1825 | Niagara Falls | ||||
St. Mary Magdalene Anglican Church[111] | 1825 | Picton | ||||
Walbridge House | 1825 | Newcastle | ||||
St. George Anglican Cathedral | 1825-1828 (founded in 1792) | Kingston, Ontario | ||||
Allan Macpherson House | 2 | 1826 | Napanee, Ontario | |||
Bank of Upper Canada Building | 3 | 1827 | Toronto | |||
St Peter's Anglican Church[112] | 1827 | Tyrconnell | ||||
Stone House currently the Bytown Museum | 3 | 1827 | Ottawa | Thomas McKay | ||
Middlesex County Court House | 3 | 1827-1829 | London | |||
Bishop's Block | 3 | 1829 | Toronto | |||
Osgoode Hall | 1829-1832 | Toronto | ||||
Montgomery's Inn | 2 | 1830 | Toronto | |||
Sharon Temple | 1832 | Sharon | Ebenezer Doan | |||
Fort Henry | 1832 | Kingston | Royal Engineers | |||
Toronto's First Post Office | 3 | 1833 | Toronto | James Scott Howard | ||
Eldon House | 1834 | London | ||||
McKinnon-Eakin House | 2 | 1835 | (Unionville) Markham | |||
Dundurn Castle | 1835 | Hamilton | Robert Charles Wetherell | |||
Haldimand House | 1836-1842 | Caledonia | James Little | |||
Laura Secord House | 1837-Present | Chippawa, ON | Laura Secord | |||
Rideau Hall | 2 | 1838 | Ottawa | Thomas McKay | ||
St. James Anglican Church | 1839 | Paris | ||||
Huron County Gaol | 3 | 1839–1842 | Huron County | Thomas Young | ||
Bellevue House | 3 | 1840 | Kingston | Charles Hales | ||
Bristow's Inn | 2 | 1840s | Elmira | Edward Bristow | ||
Ruthven Park | 2 | 1846 | Cayuga | John Latshaw | ||
Dominion House | 2 | 1850 (before) | Windsor | Jimmy Switchblade | ||
Arlington Hotel | 5 | 1851 | Paris | O.B. Bradford | ||
St. James Cathedral | 1853 / tower,spire 1874 | Toronto | Frederick William Cumberland and Thomas Ridout | |||
Paris Old Town Hall | 3 | 1854[113] | Paris | |||
Brock's Monument | 1856 | Queenston | Charles Thomas Thomas | |||
Mackenzie Hall | 1856 | Windsor | ||||
Caledonia Town Hall | 2 | 1857 | Caledonia | John Turner | ||
Sacred Heart Church | 1857 | Paris | ||||
Distillery District | various | 1859–1929 | Toronto | Various | ||
Canadian Parliament buildings | 92 | 13 | 1865 | Ottawa | John A. Pearson & Marchand | |
Pepper Hill | 1870 | Carlisle | Unknown | |||
Mackenzie Building Royal Military College of Canada | 1878 | Kingston | Robert Gage | |||
Victoria Hall | 3½ | 1888 | Hamilton | William Stewart |
Quebec
The first Europeans to arrive in Quebec were settlers from France. They founded Quebec City in 1608 and erected there the first foundations such as the Habitation made of wood and set up by Samuel de Champlain. Despite the founding of other significant settlements in New France in the 17th century, notably Trois-Rivières in 1634 and Montreal in 1642, there are only a few 17th-century buildings that still survive outside the Capitale-Nationale region. Therefore, the oldest buildings still standing in Quebec are found heavily in and around Quebec City. All such buildings date from the French regime and are protected as historical monuments under the law enforced by the Ministry of Culture and Communication of Quebec.[114]
Building | Built | City | Architect | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maison des Jésuites-de-Sillery | 1702-1733 | Sillery, Quebec City | ||
Maison Puiseaux | 1637 | Quebec City | ||
Maison de madame de La Peltrie | 1644 | Quebec City | ||
Basilique-cathédrale de Notre-Dame-de-Québec | 1647 | Quebec City | Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de Léry, Jean Baillairgé | |
Maison Delisle[115] | 1648 | Deschambault-Grondines | ||
Maison du Duc-de-Kent | 1648 | Quebec City | ||
7363 avenue Royale | 1668 | Château-Richer | ||
Manoir Boucher de Niverville | 1668 | Trois-Rivières | ||
Maison LeBer-LeMoyne[116] | 1669 | Montreal (Lachine) | Jacques Le Ber | |
Maison Marcoux | 1670 | Quebec City | ||
Chapelle Notre-Dame-des-Anges | 1671 | Notre-Dame-des-Anges | ||
Maison-Laberge | 1674 | L'Ange-Gardien | ||
Moulin à vent de Grondines | 1674 | Deschambault-Grondines | ||
Maison François-Jacquet-dit-Langevin | 1675 | Quebec City | ||
Séminaire de Québec | 1675 | Quebec City | François de Laval | |
Manoir de Charleville[117] | 1677 | Boischatel | ||
Maison Gourdeau[118] | 1677 | St. Jean, ile d'Orleans | ||
Maison Morisset | 1678 | Sainte Famille, Ile d'Orleans | ||
Maison Amiot | 1679 | Quebec City | ||
Sacristie de l'Hôpital-Général-de-Québec | 1679 | Notre-Dame-des-Anges | Jean-Baptiste de Saint-Vallier | |
Bâtiment des Récollets de l'Hôpital-Général-de-Québec | 1680 | Notre-Dame-des-Anges | Jean-Baptiste de Saint-Vallier | |
1789, chemin Royal[119] | 1680 | Ile d'Orleans | ||
Gagnon House[120] | 1680 | Sainte-Famille, ile d'Orleans | ||
Maison Rageot | 1682 | Quebec City | ||
Maison Chavigny-Gosselin | 1683 | Quebec City | ||
Maison Louis-Fornel | 1683 | Quebec City | ||
Maison Louis-Jolliet | 1683 | Quebec City | ||
Maison Frérot | 1683 | Quebec City | ||
Maison Maheu-Couillard | 1683 | Quebec City | ||
Maison Hazeur | 1684 | Quebec City | ||
Maison des Jésuites | 1684 | Quebec City | ||
Maison Delage | 1684 | Quebec City | ||
Tours du fort des Messieurs de Saint-Sulpice | 1684 | Montreal | ||
Vieux-Séminaire de Saint-Sulpice | 1684 | Montreal | Society of Saint-Sulpice | |
Windmill of Isle St-Bernard[121] | 1686 | Châteauguay | ||
Notre-Dame-des-Victoires, Quebec City | 1687 | Quebec City | ||
Maison Jean-Demers | 1689 | Quebec City | ||
Maison Lambert-Dumont | 1689 | Quebec | ||
Maison Michel-Dubuc[122] | 1690 | Longueuil | ||
Vincelotte Windmill[123] | 1691 | Cap-Saint-Ignace | ||
2360-2362, chemin Royal[124] | 1691 | ile d'Orleans | ||
La Petite Ferme, House | 1692 | La Petite-Ferme, Quebec | ||
Moulin (Mill) du Petit-Pré[125] | 1695 | Château-Richer | ||
Maison Saint-Gabriel | 1698 | Montreal | ||
Couvent des Ursulines | 1699 | Trois-Rivieres | ||
Maison Descaris[126] | 1700 | Montreal | ||
Maison Range-dit-Laviolette[127] | 1700 | Baie-D'Urfé | ||
Château Ramezay | 1705 | Montreal | ||
Domaine de Maizerets[128] | 1705 | Quebec City | ||
Maison Péan | 1705 | Quebec City | ||
Pointe-du-Moulin[129] | 1708 | Notre-Dame-de-l'Ile-Perrot | ||
Pointe-Claire Windmill[130] | 1709 | Montreal | ||
Maison Étienne-Nivard-de Saint-Dizier[131] | 1710 | Montreal | ||
Dauphine Redoubt[132] | 1712 | Quebec City | ||
Maison de la Veuve-Groleau[133] | 1715 | Deschambault-Grondines | ||
Church of St-Pierre[134] | 1717-1719 | Île d'Orléans | ||
Pointe-aux-Trembles Windmill[135] | 1719 | Montreal | ||
Maison Molleur-Dit-Lallemand | 1720[136] | Beaumont, Quebec | ||
Maison Vézina[137] | 1720 | Boischatel | ||
Sanctuaire de Notre-Dame-du-Cap | 1720 | Trois-Rivieres | ||
Watermill of Saint-Laurent | 1720 | Ile d'Orleans | ||
Maison Etienne-Marchand | 1722 | Quebec | ||
Maison Larchevêque-Lelièvre | 1727 | Quebec | ||
Saint-François Church | 1734 | St-Jean, Ile d'Orleans | ||
Manoir Mauvide-Genest | 1734 | Ile d'Orleans | ||
Saint-Jean Church | 1737 | St-Jean, Ile d'Orleans | ||
Maison Lamontagne | 1744 | Rimouski | ||
Sainte-Famille Church | 1747 | Ste-Famille, Ile d'Orleans | ||
Église de La Visitation | 1752 | Montreal | Philippe Liébert | |
Maison Routhier | 1755 | Sainte-Foy | ||
Grey Nuns' Hospital | 1765, (est. 1695) | Montreal | ||
Saskatchewan
Building | Height [m] | Floors | Built | City | Architect | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Holy Trinity Anglican Church | 1854 | Stanley Mission | The Rev. Robert Hunt | |||
Mission of St. Antoine de Padoue[138] | ? | 1 | 1884 | Batoche | Oblates of Mary Immaculate Ludger Gareau | |
Marr Residence | ? | 2 | 1885 | Saskatoon | ||
All Saints Anglican Church | 1887 | Katepwa Beach | ||||
Almighty Voice Jailhouse | 1880 | Duck Lake | [139] | |||
Powder Magazine | 1890 | Cumberland House | [140] | |||
Territorial Administration Building | ? | 2 | 1891 | Regina | Thomas Fuller | |
Jean Caron Sr. Farm Home[141] | 1895 | Batoche | Jean Caron Sr. | [142] | ||
All Saints Anglican Church | 1 | 1896 | Duck Lake | |||
Hudson's Bay Company Store | 1897 | Fort Qu'Appelle | ||||
Motherwell Homestead | 1897 | Abernethy | William Richard Motherwell | [143] | ||
Addison Sod House | 1909-11 | Kindersley | James Addison | |||
Saskatchewan Legislative Building | 53 | 3 | 1912 | Regina | Edward and William Sutherland Maxwell | |
Hotel Saskatchewan | 53 | 12 | 1927 | Regina | Ross and Macdonald | |
Hotel Senator | ? | ? | 1908 | Saskatoon | Walter William LaChance | |
Hotel Bessborough | 70.7 | 14 | 1931 | Saskatoon | Archibald and Schofield |
See also
- Architecture of Canada
- List of heritage buildings in Vancouver
- List of oldest buildings and structures in Halifax, Nova Scotia
- List of oldest buildings and structures in Toronto
- Gothic Revival architecture in Canada
References
- ↑ Historic Places Canada Access date: 2015-06-13
- ↑ About Victoria Settlement Access date: 2015-06-13
- ↑ Parks Canada Access date: 2015-06-10
- ↑ "Calgary's oldest building may be doomed". CBC News. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
- ↑ Canada's Historic Places Access date: 2015-06-13
- ↑ Canada's Historic Places Access date: 2015-06-13
- ↑ "John Walter house". Edmonton Architectural Heritage. Edmonton Historical Board. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
- ↑ Canada's Historic Places Access date: 2015-06-11
- ↑ Canada's Historic Places Access date: 2015-06-13
- ↑ Canada's Historic Places Access date: 2015-06-13
- ↑ Canada.com Access date: 2009-10-17
- ↑ Canada.com A Top 40 list of B.C.’s oldest buildings Access Date: 2009-10-17
- ↑ BritishColumbia.com Historic Craigflower Manor Access date: 2009-10-17
- ↑ St John the Divine Anglican Church http://stainedglasscanada.ca/site.php?site=247
- ↑ St John the Divine, Medical and British Columbia History http://stainedglasscanada.ca/site.php?site=246
- ↑ Okanagan Historical Society Access date: 2009-10-17
- ↑ Historic Sites of Manitoba: St. Andrew’s-on-the-Red Anglican Church and Cemetery (RM of St. Andrews)
- ↑ Historic Sites of Manitoba: Le Musée de Saint-Boniface Museum / Grey Nuns Convent (494 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg)
- ↑ Historic Sites of Manitoba: Seven Oaks House Museum (115 Rupertsland Boulevard, Winnipeg)
- ↑ http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/sites/stjamescemetery.shtml
- ↑ http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/sites/stpeterdynevor.shtml
- ↑ http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/sites/kildonanpresbyteriancemetery.shtml
- ↑ http://www.standrewsrectory.ca
- ↑ http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/sites/stclementsanglican.shtml
- ↑ http://www.pointdouglasseniors.org/History_of_Barber_House.html
- ↑ http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/mb_history/08/highway26.shtml
- ↑ http://www.manitobaphotos.com/Manitoba_Heritage_Sites.htm
- ↑ http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/sites/bleakhouse.shtml
- ↑ http://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/hrb/prov/p036.html
- ↑ http://www.virtual.heritagewinnipeg.com/vignettes/vignettes_125W.htm
- ↑
- ↑ http://www.steeveshousemuseum.ca/
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=12664
- ↑ "Fort Anne National Historic Site of Canada". Retrieved 2013-02-05.
- 1 2 "Welcome to the Town of Annapolis Royal > Heritage Buildings & Awards".
- 1 2 http://www.annapolisheritagesociety.com/buildings-18.html
- ↑ Parks Canada, Fort Edward NHS http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/ns/edward/natcul/natcul1.aspx
- ↑ "Dendroarchaeological investigation of the Sinclair Inn, Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia" (pdf). Retrieved 2013-02-05.
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=7822
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=6791
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=2911
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=6944
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=2909&pid=13998&h=Planters
- ↑ http://thechronicleherald.ca/novascotia/114893-grand-pre-family-mulls-history
- ↑ http://www.htns.ca/pdf_Griffin/G0412-4.pdf
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=6488&pid=9815&h=Lunenburg
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=7261&pid=10569&h=Clementsport
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=2632
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=1152&pid=0
- ↑ http://www.niagarahistorical.museum/media/St.DavidsCommemorativetourfinal-providedbytheSt.DavidsHeritagecttee.pdf/
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=16359&pid=0
- ↑ https://books.google.ca/books?id=4bHwImC-UOUC&pg=PA1322&dq=daniel+reynolds+house+wellington+ontario&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiu-P-VjtDUAhVI3IMKHaa1AIYQ6AEIIjAA#v=onepage&q=daniel%20reynolds%20house%20wellington%20ontario&f=false
- ↑ https://grimsby.civicweb.net/document/62923
- ↑ http://belleville.ca/heritage-properties/details/54-station-street-meyers-mill
- ↑ http://conservationhamilton.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2016/03/Westfield-Brochure-2016-for-Brittany.pdf
- ↑ Canadian Register of Historic Places
- ↑ http://www.villageofbath.com/static/about/family/fairfield-gutzeit
- ↑ http://www.niagaraadvance.ca/2012/11/27/four-heritage-homes-recognized-with-plaques
- ↑ http://www.niagaragreenbelt.com/listings/54-historic-houses/857-brown-jouppien-house-.html
- ↑
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=10730
- ↑ https://www.nationaltrustcanada.ca/get-involved/hcf-news/grimsby-ontario-couple-receive-hcf-achievement-award
- ↑ http://web4.uwindsor.ca/projects/confdev/TourismM.nsf/07bc22dbdb260d1b8525671a006ae025/8403c7cc0285d04e852566dc004c1cc5!OpenDocument
- ↑ https://www.niagarafalls.ca/living/heritage/listing.aspx
- ↑ http://www.theglobeandmail.com/real-estate/delving-into-the-history-of-a-200-year-old-home-in-port-hope/article27105397/
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=9635
- ↑ https://books.google.ca/books?id=nCFKep9GbTMC&pg=PA191&lpg=PA191&dq=%22field+house%22niagara+on+the+lake+1799&source=bl&ots=lY5oD7iXAa&sig=wraat3P-YBKpnbhaib8kBRmo-pA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwikz8u6hObTAhUC4IMKHVEiDDEQ6AEIPjAF#v=onepage&q=%22field%20house%22niagara%20on%20the%20lake%201799&f=false
- ↑ https://www.niagaraparks.com/niagara-falls-attractions/mcfarland-house.html
- ↑
- ↑ http://www.niagaragreenbelt.com/listings/55-historic-sites/448-stone-shop.html
- ↑ http://grimsbyhistoricalsociety.com/pdf/2012HouseTour.pdf
- ↑ http://www.raisethehammer.org/article/1555/tour_of_dundas_stone_houses
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=4121
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=9755&pid=0
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=2240&pid=5959&h=McGregorCowan,House
- ↑ http://historicalhamilton.com/ancaster/the-tisdale-house/
- ↑ http://www.niagaraadvance.ca/2011/03/24/leave-lane-alone-council-told-by-queenston-residents
- ↑ http://ontarioplaques.com/Plaques/Plaque_Niagara37.html
- ↑ http://stmarks1792.com/history/parish-history/
- ↑ http://www.pictonunitedchurch.ca/PDf/wc_info.pdf
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=9752
- ↑ http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/sgc-cms/histoires_de_chez_nous-community_memories/CM_V2_Apps/ui/remWindow.php?remID=38313&remP=/sgc-cms/histoires_de_chez_nous-community_memories/hdcn-cm%2FADCZ%2F0001%2Ftext%2F&remEx=From+Saltfleet+To+Stoney+Creek&lg=English
- ↑ http://www.deltamill.org/
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=15539
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=18599
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=8480
- ↑ http://www.standrewsunited.org/st-andrews-united-church/
- ↑ http://slidegur.com/doc/3738904/document
- ↑ https://www.ourwindsor.ca/community-story/1489834-eight-of-the-oldest-buildings-still-standing-in-windsor/
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=5602&pid=9037&h=Ermatinger
- ↑ http://cobourgmuseum.ca/289-2/
- ↑ http://www.essex.ca/en/calendar/Details.aspx?Id=da52fb75-9d26-4707-a09a-f5ce3db9cca8
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=7616
- ↑ http://images.ourontario.ca/jordanmuseum/70969/data
- ↑ http://vitacollections.ca/notlheritage/2484479/data
- ↑ http://www.durhamregion.com/community-story/3502521-ajax-s-oldest-building-gets-makeover/
- ↑ http://www.niagarahistorical.museum/media/St.DavidsCommemorativetourfinal-providedbytheSt.DavidsHeritagecttee.pdf
- ↑ http://www.pc.gc.ca/en/lhn-nhs/on/inverarden
- ↑ http://www.niagaragreenbelt.com/listings/53-historic-a-heritage-sites/283-niagara-masonic-hall-.html
- ↑ http://historicalhamilton.com/ancaster/
- ↑ http://www.canvisit.com/Notlbba.95/default.html
- ↑ http://historicalhamilton.com/stoney-creek/grandview-nash-jackson-house/
- ↑ http://www.lowerthames-conservation.on.ca/locations/lighthouse-conservation-area/
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=10177
- ↑
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=9169
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=10089
- ↑ http://www.stmarksporthope.ca/history/
- ↑ http://www.niagaragreenbelt.com/listings/25-churches/60-st-andrews-church.html
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=9785
- ↑ http://countylive.ca/blog/?p=16089
- ↑ http://www.stpeterschurchtyrconnell.org/our-history.php
- ↑ MacRae, Marion (1983). Cornerstones of Order. University of Michigan: C. Irwin. pp. 168–170. ISBN 9780772013873.
- ↑
- ↑ http://www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca/rpcq/detail.do?methode=consulter&id=92409&type=bien
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=12628&pid=0
- ↑ http://inventairenf.cieq.ulaval.ca:8080/inventaire/oneLieu.do?sortPropProtection=annee&refLieu=937&ascProtection=true
- ↑ http://www.ruralys.org/assets/hiv10.pdf
- ↑ http://www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca/rpcq/detail.do?methode=consulter&id=104908&type=bien
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=1741
- ↑ http://www.patrimoineduquebec.com/moulins/Ilesaintbernard.html
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=5038
- ↑ http://www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca/rpcq/detail.do?methode=consulter&id=92592&type=bien
- ↑ http://www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca/rpcq/detail.do?methode=consulter&id=102331&type=bien
- ↑ Boileau, Gilles. "Les premiers moulins en Nouvelle-France". Histoire Québec. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
- ↑ http://patrimoine.ville.montreal.qc.ca/inventaire/arch.php?id_archi=587
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=4849
- ↑ http://www.capitale.gouv.qc.ca/parcs-et-places-publiques/parcs/domaine-de-maizerets
- ↑ http://www.pointedumoulin.com/a_propos/historique
- ↑ http://www.patrimoinepointeclaire.org/pointeclaire/moulin.htm
- ↑ http://www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca/rpcq/detail.do?methode=consulter&id=92920&type=bien
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=11238
- ↑ http://www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca/rpcq/detail.do?methode=consulter&id=92399&type=bien
- ↑ http://www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca/rpcq/detail.do?methode=consulter&id=92675&type=bien
- ↑ http://www.375mtl.com/en/deux-minutes-dhistoire-le-vieux-moulin-de-pointe-aux-trembles/
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=8412
- ↑ http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=4862
- ↑ Parks Canada Batoche National Historic Site Access date 2009-06-30
- ↑ Historic Places Canada Access Date June 30, 2009
- ↑ Canada's Historic Places Access date 2015-06-10
- ↑ [Parks Canada - Education Program, 2009 Parks Canada Batoche National Historic Site] Access date 2009-06-30
- ↑ Jean Caron Farm house Saskatoon Gen Web Image Access date 2009-06-30
- ↑ Virtual Saskatchewan Motherwell Homestead 2009-06-30
- "Architecture in Canada" The Canadian Encyclopedia
- Kalman, Harold D. A History of Canadian Architecture. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1994.
- Canada by Design: Parliament Hill, Ottawa at Library and Archives Canada
- Baker, Marilyn, Manitoba's Third Legislative Building: Symbol in Stone:The Art and Politics of a Public Building, Hyperion Press, Winnipeg, Manitoba 1986
- Cameron, Stanley, Stones of History: Canada's Houses of Parliament, Film Board of Canada
- Denby & Kilbourn, Toronto Observed: Its Architecture, Patrons, and History,Oxford University Press, Toronto 1986
- Edwards, Gregory, Hidden Cities: Art & Design in Architectural Details of Vancouver & Victoria, Talonbooks, Vancouver, BC 1991.
- Emporis.com
- Kalman, Phillips and Ward, Exploring Vancouver: The Essential Architectural Guide, UBC Press, Vancouver 1993
- Kvaran, Einar Einarsson, Architectural Sculpture in America, unpublished manuscript
- Maitland, Hucker & Ricketts, A Guide to Canadian Architectural Styles, broadview press, Peterborough, ON 1992
- McHugh, Patricia, Toronto Architecture: A City Guide, McClelland & Stewart Inc., Toronto 1989
- McMullen, Barbara, Ottawa's Terra Cotta Architecture: Two Walking Tours, Heritage Ottawa, Ottawa, 2003
- skyscraperpage.com
- Taggart, Jim, The Architecture of Downtown Victoria, Blue Steps - Pacific Walking Tour Guides, Vancouver, BC 2000
- The Notman Photographic Archives.
External links
- Biographical Dictionary of Architects in Canada, – biographies of Canadian architects and lists of their buildings from 1800 to 1950.