List of monarchs by nickname

This is a list of monarchs (and other royalty and nobility) sorted by nickname. This list is divided into two parts:

• Cognomens: Also called cognomina. These are names which are appended before or after the person's name, like the epitheton necessarium, or Roman victory titles. Examples are "William the Conqueror" for William I of England, and "Frederick Barbarossa" for Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor.
• Sobriquets: Names which have become identified with a particular person, and are recognizable when used instead of the personal name. Some are used only in a particular context: for example, "Grandmother of Europe" for Queen Victoria is generally only used when referring to her family links throughout the royal families of Europe. On the other hand, in some cases the nickname supersedes the personal name, and the individual is referred to by this nickname even in scholarly works: for example, Roman emperor Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus is universally known by his nickname, Caligula.

Notes:

• Nicknames are listed in each section alphabetically, ignoring articles and prepositions.
• Non-English words are rendered in italics, and translated where possible.
• When the name and nickname are rendered in a non-English language, the nickname will be in boldface italics.

Cognomen

A swung dash (~) is used to indicate where the personal name occurs in the nickname; thus "~ the Accursed" means "Sviatopolk the Accursed".

A

• "~ the Able":
  • Leopold III, Duke of Austria
  • Leopold V, Duke of Austria
• "~ the Absolutist": Miguel of Portugal (Portuguese: o Absoluto)
• "~ the Accursed": Sviatopolk I of Kiev' (Russian: Святопо́лк 'Окая́нный), Iskander the Accursed (Alexander the Great)
• "~ the Adopted": Childebert of Austrasia
• "~ (the) Ætheling" (Old English, "Princeling"): Edgar Ætheling of England (Old English Eadgar Æþeling)
• "~ the Affable": Charles VIII of France (French: Charles l'Affable)
• "~ the African": Afonso V of Portugal (Portuguese: Affonso or Alfonso o Africano)
• "~ Albanian-slayer": Thomas of Epirus' (Greek: Θωμάς ' Ἀλβανιτόκτονος, Thomás Albanitóktonos)
• "~ All-fair": Eadwig of England
• "~ the Allower": Charles IV of Spain (Spanish: Carlos el Consentidor)
• "~ the Ambitious": William of Austria
• "~ the Ancient": Mircea cel Bătrân of Wallachia (Old Romanian: Mircea cel Bătrân)
• "~ the Apostate": Julian, Roman Emperor
• "~ the Apostle": Vladimir I of Kiev
• "~ the Arab": Phillip I Marcus Julius Philippus Augustus, Roman Emperor
• "~ the Artist-King": Ferdinand II of Portugal (Portuguese: Fernando o Rei-Artista)
• "~ the Astrologer": Alfonso X of Castile (Spanish: Alfonso el Astrólogo)
• "~ Augustus": Philip II of France (French: Philippe Auguste)
• "~ the Avenger": Alfonso XI of Castile

B

• "~ the Bad":
  • Charles II of Navarre (French: Charles le Mauvais)
  • Emund of Sweden (Swedish: Emund Slemme; also Emund the Old)
  • Sigurd Magnusson, pretender of Norway (Old Norse: Sigurd Slembe or Sigurd Slembedjakn)
  • William I of Sicily (Italian: Guglielmo il Malo)
• "~ the Bald":
  • Charles II of France (French: Charles le Chauve)
  • Baldwin II, Count of Flanders (Dutch: Boudewijn II de Kale; Latin: Balduinus Calvus)
  • Idwal ab Anarawd of Gwynedd (Welsh: Idwal Foel)
• "~ Barbe-torte" (French, "Crooked-beard"): Alan II, Duke of Brittany (French Alain Barbe-torte)
• "~ Barbarossa" (Italian: Red-Beard): Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor (German: Friederich Barbarossa)
• "~ Barefoot" or "~ Bareleg": Magnus III of Norway (Old Norse: Magnus Barfot)
• "~ Barn-Lock": Magnus III of Sweden (Swedish: Magnus Ladulås)
• "~ the Bastard": William I of England (French: Guillaume le Bâtard; Old English: Wyllelm or Willelm bastard)
• "~ the Battler": Alfonso I of Aragon (Spanish: Alfonso, el Batallador)
• "~ the Bavarian": Louis IV of Germany (German: Ludwig der Bayer)
• "~ the Bearded": Geoffrey III of Anjou (French: Geoffroy le Barbu)
• "~ Beauclerk" or "~ Beauclerc" (French, "Good Clerk"): Henry I of England (French: Henri Beauclerc)
• "~ Beer-Jug": John George I, Elector of Saxony
• "~ the Bewitched": Charles II of Spain (Spanish: Carlos el Hechizado)
• "~ the Big Nest": Vsevolod III Yuriyevich of Vladimir' (Russian: Все́волод III Ю́рьевич 'Большо́е Гнездо́, Vsévolod III Yúr'yevich 'Bol'shóe Gnezdó)
• "~ the Black Prince": Edward, the Black Prince
• "~ the Black":
  • Leszek II the Black (Polish: Leszek Czarny)
  • Conan IV, Duke of Brittany
  • Fulk III of Anjou (French: Foulque Nerra)
• "Blessed ~": Charles I of Austria
• "~ the Blessed": Alexander I of Russia
• "~ the Blind":
  • Boleslav III of Bohemia (Czech: Boleslav Slepý)
  • Béla II of Hungary (Hungarian: II. Vak Béla)
  • Magnus IV of Norway (Old Norse: Magnus Blinde)
  • Stefan Branković ("Stefan the Blind"; Serbian: Стефан Слепи/Stefan Slepi), Serbian Despot (r. 1458–59)
  • Vasily II Vasiliyevich ("Vasily II the Blind"; Russian: Василий II Темный), Grand Prince of Moscow (r. 1425–33; 1435–46; 1447–62)
  • Bogdan III of Moldavia
  • Boleslav III of Bohemia
  • Edward de Courtenay, 3rd/11th Earl of Devon (1357–1419), "The Blind Earl"
• "~ the Blond" or "Yellow ~": Selim II of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: ''Sarı Sultân Selim)
• "~ Bloodaxe": Eric I of Norway (Old Norse: Eiríkr Blóðöx)
• "~ the Bloodthirsty": Ismail of Morocco
• "Bloody ~": Mary I of England
• "~ the Bloody": Nicholas II of Russia' (Russian: Николай II 'Кровавый, Nikolay II Krovavyy)
• "~ Bluetooth": Harold I of Denmark (Old Norse: Haraldr blátönn)
• "~ the Bold":
  • Boleslaw II of Poland (Polish: Bolesław Śmiały)
  • Charles of Burgundy (French: Charles le Téméraire)
  • Philip the Bold (French: Philippe le Hardi)
  • Philip III of France (French: Philippe le Hardi)
• "~ the Bolognian": Afonso III of Portugal (Portuguese: Afonso o Bolonhês)
• "~ the Bookish": Coloman of Hungary (Hungarian: ''Könyves Kálmán)
• "~ the Brash": Olof of Denmark
• "~ the Brave":
  • Afonso IV of Portugal (Portuguese: Afonso o Bravo)
  • Boleslaw I of Poland (Polish: Bolesław Chrobry)
  • Dan II of Wallachia (Romanian: Dan II Viteazul)
  • Michael of Wallachia and Moldavia (Romanian: Mihai Viteazul)
  • Selim I of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: ''Yavuz Sultan Selim)
• "~ the Broad-shouldered": Haakon II of Norway (Old Norse: Hákon Herdebrei)
• "~ Broom-plant": Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou (French: Geoffroy Plantagenet)
• "~ the Brown": Donnchadh Donn mac Flainn, High King of Ireland
• "~ the Bruce": Robert I of Scotland (Medieval Gaelic: Roibert a Briuis
• "~ Builder": David IV of Georgia' (Georgian: დავით 'აღმაშენებელი, Davit’ Aghmashenebeli)
• "~ the Builder King": Leopold II of Belgium
• "~ Bulgar-Slayer": Basil II, Byzantine Emperor' (Greek: Βασίλειος 'Βουλγαροκτόνος, Basíleios Boulgaroktónos)

C

• "~ the Cabbage": Ivailo of Bulgaria' (Bulgarian: Ивайло 'Лахана, Ivaĭlo Lakhana)
• "~ the Capacidónio" (from Portuguese "capaz", capable, and "idóneo", idoneous, Peter III of Portugal (Portuguese: Pedro o Capacidónio)
• "~ the Cardinal-King": Henry, King of Portugal (Portuguese: Henrique o Cardeal-Rei)
• "~ the Careless": John I of Aragon (Catalan: Joan el Descurat)
• "~ the Candid": Alfonso III of Aragon (Catalan: Alfons el Franc; Spanish: Alfonso el Franco)
• "~ the Catholic":
  • Alfonso I of Asturias (Spanish: Alonso el Católico)
  • Ferdinand II of Aragon (Spanish: Fernando el Católico, Catalan: Ferran el Catòlic)
  • Isabella I of Castile (Spanish: Isabel la Católica)
  • Peter II of Aragon (Spanish: Pedro II el Católico, Catalan: Pere el Catòlic)
• "~ the Caulker": Michael V, Byzantine Emperor' (Greek: Μιχαήλ 'Καλαφάτης, Michaíl Kalaphátis)
• "~ the Ceremonious": Peter IV of Aragon (Spanish: Pedro el Ceremonioso, Catalan: Pere el Cerimoniós)
• "~ the Chansonnier": Theobald I of Navarre/Theobald IV of Champagne (French: Thibault le Chansonnier; Spanish: Teobaldo el Trovador)
• "~ the Chaste":
  • Alfonso II of Aragon (Catalan: Alfons el Cast; Spanish: Alfonso el Casto; French: Alphonse le Chaste)
  • Alfonso II of Asturias (Spanish: Alfonso el Casto)
  • Bolesław V the Chaste (Polish: Bolesław Wstydliwy)
  • Henry, King of Portugal (Portuguese: Henrique o Casto)
• "~ the Chief": Kenneth III of Scotland (Gaelic: Coinneach An Donn)
• "~ Christ": Jesus (Ancient Greek: Χριστός, Christós, meaning "anointed")
• "~ the Clubfoot": Sverker I of Sweden (Swedish: Sverker Klumpfot)
• "~ Coal-Burner": Anund Jacob of Sweden (Old Norse: Emund Kolbränna)
• "~ the Confessor": Edward the Confessor (of England)
• "~ the Conqueror":
  • Afonso I of Portugal (Portuguese Affonso o Conquistador)
  • James I of Aragon (Catalan: Jaume el Conqueridor; Spanish: Jaime I, el Conquistador)
  • John V, Duke of Brittany (French: Jean le Conquérant)
  • Mehmed II of The Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkish: Fatih Sultan Mehmed)
  • Nicholas I of Russia
  • William I of England (Old English: Wilhelm se Gehīersumiend; French: Guillaume le Conquérant)
  • Valdemar II of Denmark (Old Norse Valdemar Sejr)
• "~ the Constable Prince": John, Constable of Portugal (Portuguese: João o Infante Condestável)
• "~ Corvinus" (from Latin "like a raven"): Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (Hungarian: ''Corvinus Mátyás; Romanian: Matei Corvin)
• "Crazy ~": Otto of Bavaria
• "~ the Crosseyed": Vasili Kosoi, Muscovian usurper' (Russian: Василий 'Косой, Vasiliy Kosoy)
• "~ Crouchback":
  • Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster (1245-1296)
  • Inge I of Norway (Old Norse: Inge Krokrygg)
  • Richard III of England
• "~ the Crowned":
  • Nemanja of Serbia
  • Radoslav of Serbia
  • Vladislav of Serbia
  • Vladislav II of Syrmia
  • Dragutin of Serbia
  • Constantine of Serbia
  • Uroš I of Serbia
  • Uroš II of Serbia
  • Uroš III of Serbia
  • Uroš IV of Serbia
  • Uroš V of Serbia
• "~ the Cruel":
  • Boleslaus I of Bohemia (Czech: Boleslav I. Ukrutný)
  • Louis XI of France
  • Peter I of Portugal (Portuguese: Pedro o Cruel)
  • 'Peter of Castile (Spanish: Pedro el Cruel)
• "~ the Crusader": Sigurd I of Norway (Old Norse: Sigurd Jorsalfare)
• "~ the Curly" Bolesław IV the Curly (Polish: Bolesław Kędzierzawy)
• "~ Curthose" (Middle English, "short stockings"): Robert II, Duke of Normandy
• "~ Curtmantle" (Middle English, "short cloak"): Henry II of England

D

• "~ the Damned" or "~ the Accursed": Sviatopolk I of Kiev (Russian: Святополк 'Окаянный, Svyatopolk Okayannyy; Ukrainian: Святополк 'Окаянний, Svyatopolk Okayannyy̆)
• "~ Daisy": Margrethe II of Denmark
• "~ the Deacon": Bermudo I of Asturias (Asturian: Bermudo el Diáconu; Spanish: Bermudo el Diácono)
• "~ the Debonaire": Louis I of France (French: Louis le Débonnaire)
• "~ the Deed-Doer": Edmund I of England
• "~ the Desired":
  • Ferdinand VII of Spain
  • Sebastian of Portugal
• "~ the Determined": Anthony I of Portugal (Portuguese: António o Determinado)
• "~ the Devil":
  • Robert I, Duke of Normandy (French: Robert le Diable)
  • Vlad II of Wallachia (Romanian: Vlad Dracul)
• "~ the Diplomat": Charles I of Portugal (Portuguese: Carlos o Diplomata)
• "~ Do-Nothing", "~ the Indolent" or "~ the Sluggard": Louis V of France (French: Louis le Fainéant)
• "~ Dracul" (Romanian, "The Devil" or "The Dragon"): Vlad II of Wallachia (Romanian: Vlad Dracul)
• "~ Dracula" (Romanian, "Son of the Devil" or "Son of the Dragon"): Vlad III of Wallachia
• "~ the Drunkard":
  • 'Michael III, Byzantine Emperor (Greek: Μιχαήλ Γ' 'ο Μέθυσος, Michaíl G' o Méthysos)
  • Selim II, Ottoman Emperor (Turkish: Selim Sarhoş)
  • Wenceslaus, King of the Romans (German: Wenzel der Säufer; Czech: Václav Opilec)
• "~ the Dung-Named": Constantine V, Byzantine Emperor' (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος 'Ε' Κοπρόνυμος, Konstantínos E' Koprónymos)

E

• "~ the Ecclesiastic" or "~ the Priest": Martin I of Aragon (Catalan: Martí l'Eclesiàstic; Spanish: "Martín el Eclesiástico" o "el Cura")
• "~ the Edifier": Peter III of Portugal (Portuguese: Pedro o Edificador)
• "~ the Elbow-High" or "The Ell-High": Władysław I of Poland (Polish: Władysław I Łokietek)
• "~ the Elder":
  • Eadweard I of England (Old English: Ēadweard se Ieldra?)
  • Martin I of Aragon
  • Mircea I of Wallachia (Romanian: Mircea cel Batran)
  • Tarquin I (Latin: Tarquinius Senior)
• "~ the Eloquent": Edward of Portugal (Portuguese: Duarte o Eloquente)
• "~ the Emperor-Sacristan": Joseph II of Austria
• "~ the Enlightened": Charles III of Spain (Spanish: Carlos el Ilustrado)
• "~ Epiphanes" (Greek "the manifest"): several Hellenistic kings, including
  • Ptolemy V Epiphanes
• "~ Euergetes" (Greek "the benefactor"): several Hellenistic kings, including
  • Ptolemy III Euergetes
  • Ptolemy VIII Physcon
• "~ Eupator" (Greek "of noble father"):
  • Antiochus V (Greek: Αντίοχος Ευπάτωρ)
  • Mithridates VI of Pontus (Greek: Μιθριδάτης Ευπάτωρ)
  • Ptolemy Eupator
• "~ the Executioner": Mehmed I of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Mehmed I Kirişçi)
• "~ the Exile":
  • Władysław II the Exile (Polish: Władysław Wygnaniec')
  • Edward the Exile

F

• "~ the Fair":
  • Charles IV of France (French: Charles le Bel)
  • Donald III of Scotland (Scots Gaelic: Domnall Bán)
  • Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou (French: Geoffroy le Bel)
  • Ivan II of Moscow (Russian: Иван Красный)
  • Louis I of France
  • Philip IV of France (French: Philippe le Bel)
• "~ Fairhair": Harald I of Norway (Old Norse: Haraldr hinn hárfagri)
• "~ the Fair Sun": Vladimir I of Kiev (Ukrainian Володимир Красне Сонечко)
• "Farmer ~": **George III of Great Britain
• "~ the Farmer": Denis of Portugal (Portuguese Diniz o Lavrador)
• "~ The Swift(?): Eystein Halfdansson of Romerike and Vestfold (Old Norse: Eysteinn Fart)
• "~ the Fat":
  • Afonso II of Portugal (Portuguese Affonso o Gordo)
  • Charles III, Holy Roman Emperor (French: Charles le Gros)
  • Conan III, Duke of Brittany (French Conan III le Gros)
  • Henry I of Cyprus (French: Henri le Gros)
  • Henry I of Navarre (French: Henri le Gros; Spanish Enrique el Gordo)
  • Louis VI of France (French: Louis le Gros)
  • Sancho I of León
• "~ the Fearless": John the Fearless (French: Jean sans Peur)
• "~ the Fighter": Anthony I of Portugal (Portuguese: António o Lutador)
• "~ First-Crowned": Stefan of Raška' (Serbian: Стефан 'Првовенчани)
• "~ Fitzempress": Henry II of England
• "~ Flatnose": Ketil of Man (Old Norse: Ketil Flatnef)
• "~ Forkbeard": Sweyn I of Denmark (Old Norse: Svend Tjugeskæg or Svend Tyvskæg; Old English: Sweyn Forcbeard)
• "~ the Fortunate":
  • Manuel I of Portugal (Portuguese: Manuel O Venturoso)
  • Dietrich of Oldenburg (Latin Teudericus Fortunatus)
• "~ the Fowler": Henry I of Germany (German: Heinrich der Vogler or Heinrich der Finkler)
• "~ From Overseas": Louis IV of France (French: Louis d'Outremer)

G

• "~ the Generous" or "~ the Liberal": Alfonso III of Aragon Catalan: Alfons el Liberal; Spanish Alfonso el Liberal)
• "~ the Gentle":
  • Frederick II, Elector of Saxony (German: Friedrich der Sanftmütige)
  • Harald III of Denmark (Old Norse: Harald Hen); see also "~ Hen" below
• "~ the German": Louis I of the East Franks (French: Louis le Germanique)
• "~ the Glorious":
  • Athelstan of England (Old English: Æþelstan, ætniman)
  • Elizabeth I of England (Gloriana)
• "~ the God-Like One": Murad I, Ottoman Emperor (Turkish: Murat Hüdavendigar)
• "~ the God-Loving": Andrey I Bogolubsky (Russian: Андрей Боголюбский)
• "~ the Good":
  • Alfonso IV of Aragon (Catalan: Alfons el Benigne; Aragonese Alifonso o Beninno; Spanish: Alfonso el Benigno)
  • Alexandru of Moldavia (Romanian: Alexandru cel Bun)
  • Fulk II of Anjou (French Foulques le Bon?)
  • Hywel ap Cadell of Wales (Welsh: Hywel Dda)
  • Haakon I of Norway (Old Norse: Hákon góði)
  • John I of Portugal (Portuguese: João o Bom)
  • John II of France (French: Jean le Bon)
  • Louis I of Holland (Dutch: Lodewijk de Goede)
  • Magnus I of Norway (Old Norse: Magnus den Gode)
  • Philip III of Burgundy (French: Philippe le Bon)
  • William II of Sicily (Italian: Guglielmo il Buono)
• " Good King ~": Henry IV of France (Bon Roi Henri)
• " Good Queen ~": Elizabeth I of England (Good Queen Bess)
• "~ of Good Memory": John I of Portugal (Portuguese: João o de Boa Memória)
• "~ the Good Mother": Maria II of Portugal (Portuguese: Maria a Boa Mãe)
  • Piero I de Medici of Florence (Italian: Piero il Gottoso)
  • Bermudo II of León (Spanish: Bermudo el Gotoso)
• "~ the Great": see List of people known as The Great
• "the Great Elector": Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg (German: Großer Kurfürst)
• "~ Greyfell" or "~ Greyhide": Harald II of Norway (Old Norse: Haraldr gráfeldr)
• "~ Greymantle": Geoffrey I of Anjou (French Geoffroy Grisegonelle)
• "~ the Grim" or "~ the Brave" or "~ the Inexorable": Selim I of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish Yavuz Sultan Selim)
• "~ Gylle": (Old Norse, "Servant"): Harald IV of Norway

H

• "~ the Hairy": Wilfred I of Urgel
• "~ the Hammer":
  • Charles Martel of the Franks
  • Geoffrey II of Anjou
  • Geoffrey IV of Anjou
• "~ The Hammer of the Scots": Edward I of England (see also Longshanks below).
• "~ the Handsome":
  • Ferdinand I of Portugal (Portuguese: Fernando o Formoso)
  • Frederick I of Austria
  • 'John II Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor (Greek: Καλο 'ϊωάννης)
  • Philip I of Spain (Spanish: Felipe el Hermoso)
  • Radu of Wallachia (Romanian: cel Frumos)
• "~ the Hardy": Canute III of Denmark (Old Norse: Hardeknud; Old English: Harthacnut)
• "~ Hardrada" (from Old Norse "Harðráði", "Stern Counsel"): Harald III of Norway
• "~ Harefoot": Harold I of England
• "~ the Holy":
  • Canute IV of Denmark
  • Eric IX of Sweden
  • Olaf II of Norway
• "~ the Holy Prince": Ferdinand of Portugal (Portuguese: Fernando o Infante Santo)
• "~ the Hopeful": Peter V of Portugal (Portuguese: Pedro o Esperançoso)
• "~ the Hunchback": Pippin the Hunchback
• "~ the Humane" or "~ the Humanist": Martin I of Aragon
• "~ Hunger": Olaf I of Denmark
• "~ the Hunter":
  • Gudrød
  • John I of Aragon (Spanish Juan el Cazador; Catalan: Joan el Caçador)

I

• "~ the Ill-Tempered": Fulk IV of Anjou
• "~ the Impaler": Vlad III of Wallachia
• "~ the Impotent" Henry IV of Castile (Spanish: Enrique el Impotente)
• "~ the Inconstant" or "~ the Fickle": Ferdinand I of Portugal (Portuguese: Fernando o Inconstante)
• "~ the Indolent": Louis V of France
• "~ the Independentist": Anthony I of Portugal (Portuguese: António o Independentista)
• "~ the Invincible": Demetrius I of Bactria
• "~ the Iron": Ernest of Austria
• "~ Ironside":
  • Edmund II of England

J

• "~ the Just":
  • Ferdinand VI of Spain (Spanish: Fernando el Justo)
  • James II of Aragon (Spanish: Jaime el Justo)
  • Louis XIII of France
  • Matthias I of Hungary
  • Bayezid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

K

• "~ the Kind":
  • Alexandru of Moldavia
  • Alfonso IV of Aragon
• "the Kind-Hearted": Eric I of Denmark
• "the Khazar" (Gr. Chozar): Leo IV of the Byzantine Empire

L

• "~ Lackland": John of England (French: Jean sans Terre)
• "~ the Lamb": Eric III of Denmark
• "~ the Lame":
  • Timur (Persian: Timur '‎‎i-Lang)
  • Sigobert King of the Ripuarian Franks
  • See also under "the Lisp and Lame" below
• "~ the Last":
  • Llywelyn ap Gruffudd of Wales (Welsh: Llywelyn Ein Llyw Olaf)
  • Louis XVI of France (French: Louis le Dernier)
• "~ Law-Mender": Magnus VI of Norway
• "~ the Lawgiver":
  • Eric IX of Sweden
  • Magnus VI of Norway
  • Süleyman I of the Ottoman Empire (Kanuni Sultan Süleyman)
• "~ the Learned": Alfonso X of Castile
• "~ the Liberal":
  • Alfonso III of Aragon
  • Edward of Savoy
  • Henry I of Champagne
• "~ the Liberator":
  • Alexander II of Russia
  • Pedro I of Brazil (Portuguese: Pedro o Libertador)
• "~ the Lion":
  • Albert II of Mecklenburg
  • Brian Boruma of Ireland
  • Heinrich II, Lord of Mecklenburg
  • Henry III, Duke of Saxony
  • Louis VIII of France
  • William I of Scotland (Mediaeval Gaelic: Uilliam mac Eanric)
• "~ the Lionheart": Richard I of England (French: Richard Cœur de Lion)
• "~ the Lisp and Lame" Eric XI of Sweden (Swedish: Erik läspe och halte)
• "~ the Little Impaler": Basarab Ţepeluş cel Tânăr of Wallachia (Romanian: Basarab Ţepeluş)
• "~ (the) Longhaired (king)": Chlodio
• "~ Longshanks": Edward I of England
• "~ the Lover of Elegance": John I of Aragon (Catalan: Joan l'Amador de la Gentilesa; Spanish: Juan el Amador de la gentileza)

M

• "~ the Mad":
  • Charles VI of France (French: Charles le fol)
  • Joanna of Castile (Spanish: Juana la Loca)
  • Ludwig II of Bavaria
  • Maria I of Portugal (Portuguese: Maria a Louca)
• "~ the Madman": Donald II of Scotland (Gaelic: Dòmhnall Dásachtach)
• "~ the Magnanimous":
  • Emperor Pedro II of Brazil (Portuguese: Pedro o Magnânimo)
  • King Alfonso V of Aragon
  • John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
  • King John V of Portugal (Portuguese: João o Magnânimo)
  • Landgrave Philipp I of Hesse
  • King Ladislaus of Naples
  • Inca Roca
  • Charles II of Alençon
• "~ the Magnificent":
  • Edmund I of England (Old English: Eadmund Glenglic)
  • Robert I of Normandy (French: Robert le Magnifique)
  • Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire
• "~ the Maiden":
  • Eystein of Norway
  • Malcolm IV of Scotland
• "~ Martel" (German, "The Hammer"):
  • Charles Martel of the Franks
  • Geoffrey II of Anjou
  • Geoffrey IV of Anjou
• "~ the Martyr":
  • Edward the Martyr of England
  • King Charles I of England
  • Nicholas II of Russia
• "~ the Memorable": Eric II of Denmark
• "~ the Merry":
  • Charles II of England
• "~ the Mild": Halfdan of Romerike and Vestfold
• "~ the Middle": Pippin of Herstal
• "~ the Mighty": Stephen Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia
• "~ Minus-a-Quarter": Michael VII Dukas, Byzantine Emperor
• "~ Moneybags": Ivan I of Russia
• "~ the Monk":
  • Alfonso IV of Leon
  • Fortun I of Pamplona
  • Ramiro II of Aragon
  • Vlad IV of Wallachia
• "~ Monk's-Cloak"?: Jon Kuvlung of Norway
• "~ Monomakh" (Russian "Мономах" from Greek "Μονομαχος", "One who fights alone"): Vladimir Monomakh of Kiev
• "~ Monomakhos" (from Greek "Μονομαχος", "One who fights alone"): Constantine IX, Byzantine Emperor
• "~ the Moor": Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan
• "the Most Beautiful ~": Maria of Portugal, Queen of Castile (Portuguese: Fermosíssima Maria)

N

• "~ the Navigator": Henry of Portugal
• "~ New-Day": Valdemar IV of Denmark
• "~ of the Nine Hostages" (Irish Noigíallach): Niall Noigíallach of Ireland
• "~ the Noble":
  • Charles III of Navarre
  • Magnus I of Norway
• "~ No-Counsel" or "~ the Unready": Ethelred II of England (Old English: Æþelræd Unræd; Middle English: Ethelred the Redeless)

O

• "The Oath-Taker": Henry III of Reuss (1337-1378)
• "The Oberhofrichter": Henry of Reuss-Plauen (1271-1303)
• "~ The Old" (Cat. el Vell, Fr. l'Ancien, le Vieux, Nor. den Gamle, Pol. Stary, Rum. cel Batran, Sp. el Velloso, Swe. den Gamle):
  • Albert I of Carpi,
  • Albert II of Wedenberg-Heiligenberg (1327-1370)
  • Arnulf I, Count of Flanders
  • Basarab Laiota, Prince of Wallachia
  • Boso I, Count of La Marche
  • Boso III of Turin
  • Conrad III of Silesia
  • Emund II of Sweden
  • Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Kalenberg, 1495-1540
  • Frederick the Great (Prussia), also named "the Old Fritz" (der Alte Fritz)
  • George V, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, 1620-1623
  • Gorm of Denmark
  • Guthrum
  • Haakon IV of Norway
  • Igor of Kiev
  • Michael II of Beloozero (1432-1486)
  • Mieszko III of Poland
  • Mircea of Wallachia (1386-1418)
  • Pippin of Landen
  • Raymond VI of Toulouse
  • Raymond Berengar I, Count of Barcelona
  • Rudolph II (d.1232), Count of Habsburg
  • Sigismund I of Poland
  • Theodore II of Beloozero (13??-1380)
  • William, Count of Nassau, 1538-1559
• "The Old Dessauer": Leopold of Anhalt-Dessau
• "The One-Eyed" (Ger. der Einaugige):
  • John II, Count of Holstein
  • William, Landgrave of Thuringia
• "~ the One-Eyed":
  • Fortun I of Pamplona
  • Antigonus I Monophthalmus
• "The Oppressed" (Ger. der Bedrängte): Dietrich, Margrave of Meissen
• "The Orphan": Henry I of Reuss (1250-1295)
• "~ the Outlaw": Edgar Ætheling of England
• "~ d'Outremer" (French, "from Overseas"): Louis IV of France

P

• "~ the Pacific": Peter II of Portugal (Portuguese: Pedro o Pacífico)
• "~ the Pale": Constantius I, Roman Emperor
• "~ the Peaceful":
  • Edgar of England
  • Olaf III of Norway
• "~ the Peacemaker":
  • Alexander III of Russia
  • Alfonso XII of Spain (Spanish: Alfonso el Pacificador)
• "~ the Perfect Prince": John II of Portugal (Portuguese: João o Príncipe Perfeito)
• "~ the Philosopher" or "~ the Philosopher King": Edward of Portugal (Portuguese: Duarte o Filósofo or o Rei-Filósofo)
• "~ the Pious":
  • Boleslav II of Bohemia
  • Edward VI, King of England
  • John III of Portugal (Portuguese: João o Piedoso)
  • Louis I of France
  • Maria I of Portugal (Portuguese: Maria a Pia)
  • Philip III of Spain (Spanish: Felipe el Piadoso)
  • Robert II of France
  • Sancho II of Portugal (Portuguese: Sancho o Pio)
  • William V, Duke of Bavaria
• "~ Ploughpenny": Eric IV of Denmark
• "~ the Popular": Louis I of Portugal (Portuguese: Luís o Popular)
• "~ the Populator": Sancho I of Portugal (Portuguese: Sancho o Povoador)
• "~ the Posthumous":
  • John I of France
  • Ladislaus I of Bohemia
  • Theobald IV of Champagne
• "~ the Powerful": Uroš IV of Serbia
• "~ the Precious": Stephen II of Serbia
• "~ the Priest Hater": Eric II of Norway
• "~ the Proud":
  • Simeon of Moscow
  • Tarquin the Proud (Lat. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus)
• "~ the Prudent":
  • Louis XI of France
  • Philip II of Spain (Spanish: Felipe el Prudente)
• "~ the Purple-Born":
  • Baldwin II of Constantinople
  • Constantine VII, Byzantine Emperor

Q

• "~ the Quarreller":
  • Frederick of Saxony
  • Louis X of France
• "~ the Quiet": Olaf III of Norway

R

• "~ the Rash": James III of Majorca
• "~ the Red":
  • Haakon of Sweden (Swedish: Håkan Röde)
  • Fulk I of Anjou
  • John I, Duke of Brittany
  • Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor
  • William II of England (Latin: William Rufus)
• "~ the Red King": Macbeth of Scotland (Medieval Gaelic: Mac Bethad mac Findlaích Rí Deircc)
• "~ the Redemptress": Isabel of Brazil (Portuguese: Isabel a Redentora)
• "~ the Redless" or "~ the Redeless": Ethelred II of England (Old English: Æthelred Unræd)
• "~ the Reformer": Joseph I of Portugal (Portuguese: José o Reformador)
• "~ the Restorer":
  • Casimir I of Poland (Polish: Kazimierz Odnowiciel)
  • García Ramírez of Navarre
  • Mehmed I of the Ottoman Empire
  • John IV of Portugal (Portuguese: João o Restaurador)
• "~ the Righteous": Henry IV of Silesia
• "~ Roundhead": Ragnvald of Sweden (Swedish: Ragnvald Knaphövde; the exact meaning of the nickname is unclear)

S

• "~ the Sacrificer": Sweyn of Sweden (Swedish: Blot-Sven; unclear if "Sven" was his actual name or part of the nickname)
• "~ the Sacristan": Peter III of Portugal (Portuguese: Pedro o Sacristão)
• "~ the Sailor King": William IV of the United Kingdom
• "~ the Saint": Ferdinand III of Castile (Spanish: Fernando el Santo)
• "~ the Saver of Europe": Tervel of Bulgaria
• "~ the Savior": Menander I
• "~ the Seer": Oleg of Novgorod
• "~ of the Seven Parts (of the World)": Peter, Duke of Coimbra (Portuguese: Pedro das Sete Partidas (do Mundo))
• "~ the She-Wolf of France: Isabella of France
• "~ the Be-shitten": James II of England and Ireland, also James VII of Scotland (Irish Séamus a' Cháca)
• "~ the Short": Pippin III, King of the Franks
• "~ of Showers": Niall Frossach, High King of Ireland
• "~ the Silent":
  • Olav III of Norway
  • William I of Orange
• "~ the Simple": Charles III of France
• "~ Skötkonung" (Old Norse "Tax-King"?): Olof of Sweden
• "~ the Sluggard": Louis V of France
• "~ the Soldier": Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
• "~ the Soldier-King":
  • Frederick William I of Prussia
  • Peter IV of Portugal (Portuguese: Pedro o Rei-Soldado)
  • Albert I of Belgium
• "~ the Spider": Louis XI of France
• "~ the Spirited": Philip V of Spain (Spanish: Felipe el Animoso)
• "~ Split-Nose": Justinian II, Byzantine Emperor
• "~ the Stammerer": Louis II of France
• "~ the Stout": Olaf II of Norway
• "~ the Strong":
  • Augustus II the Strong
  • Magnus Nilsson, Swedish pretender
  • Sancho VII of Navarre
  • Uroš IV of Serbia*"~ the Sudden": Karl I of Austria
• "~ the Sun King": Louis XIV of France

T

• "~ the Tall":
  • Canute II of Sweden
  • Philip V of France
  • Stephen of Serbia
• "~ the Terrible":
  • Charles, Duke of Burgundy
  • Ivan IV of Russia
  • Shingas
  • Krum of Bulgaria
• "~ the Theologian": John I of Mecklenburg
• "~ the Thunderbolt": Bayezid I, Ottoman Sultan
• "~ the Tough": Helen of Bosnia (Serbo-Croatian: Jelena Gruba)
• "~ Transmarinus": (Latin: transmarinus "from Outerseas") Louis IV of France
• "~ the Treacherous": Leonor Telles de Meneses (Portuguese: Leonor Telles de Meneses a Aleivosa)
• "~ the Trembling": Garcia IV of Pamplona
• "~ the Tremulous": Garcia II of Navarre
• "~ of the Tributes": Brian Boru, High King of Ireland (Irish: Brian Borúma)
• "~ the Troubadour":
  • Alfonso II of Aragon
  • Theobald IV of Champagne
• "~ the Tyrant": Christian II of Denmark (In Sweden)

U

• "~ the Unavoidable": Louis XVIII of France^[1]
• "~ the Unique": Frederick II of Prussia
• "~ the Unlucky":
  • Arnulf III of Flanders
  • Henry III of Reuss
• "~ the Unready": Ethelred II of England
• "~ the Usurper": Mauregato of Asturias

V

• "~ the Vain":James I of England (VI of Scots)
• "~ the Valiant": Jean V of Brittany
• "~ the Victorious":
  • Afonso VI of Portugal (Portuguese: Afonso o Vitorioso)
  • Charles VII of France
  • Eric of Sweden (Swedish: Erik Segersäll)
  • Frederick I of the Palatinate
  • Valdemar II of Denmark (Danish: Valdemar Sejr; also "Valdemar the Conqueror")
• "~ the Virgin Queen": Elizabeth I of England

W

• The Wodeyars of Mysore
  • King HH Chamaraja Wodeyar X
  • King HH Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV
  • King HH Sir Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar
  • Prince Srikanthadatta Narasimharaja Wodeyar
• "~ the Warlike":
  • Albert, Prince of Beyreuth
  • Bernard VII of Lippe
  • Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
  • Frederick II of Austria
  • Herman of Schwarzenberg
  • Michael VI, Byzantine Emperor
  • Svyatoslav I of Kiev
• "~ the Warrior": Charles I of Savoy
• "~ the Weak": Uroš V of Serbia
• "~ Wearing-a-Cape": Hugh Capet of France
• "~ the Well-Beloved":
  • Charles VI of France
  • Louis I of Spain (Spanish: Luis el Bien Amado)
• "~ the Well-Served": Charles VII of France
• "~ the Wench of Queluz": Carlota Joaquina, Queen of Portugal (Portuguese: Carlota Joaquina a Megera de Queluz)
• "~ the White":
  • Henry III of Silesia
  • Leszek I of Poland (Polish: Leszek Biały)
• "~ Who-Fights-Alone":
  • Constantine IX, Byzantine Emperor
  • Vladimir Monomakh of Kiev
• "~ the Wicked":
  • Ordoño IV of León
  • Yazdegerd I of Persia
• "~ of Winchester
  • Edward I of England
• "~ the Wise":
  • Albert II of Austria
  • Albert IV of Bavaria
  • Alfonso X of Castile
  • Charles V of France
  • Coloman of Hungary
  • Frederick II of the Palatinate
  • Frederick III, Elector of Saxony
  • Leo VI, Byzantine Emperor
  • Mandukhai Khatun,empress of the Mongol Empire
  • Robert of Naples
  • Sancho VI of Navarre
  • William IV of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel)
  • Yaroslav I of Kiev
• "~ the Wrymouth": Boleslaus III of Poland (Polish: Bolesław Krzywousty)

Y

• "Yellow ~" or "~ the Blond": Selim II of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: ''Sarı Sultân Selim)
• "~ the Young":
  • Basarab Ţepeluş of Wallachia (Old Romanian: Basarab Ţepeluş cel Tânăr)
  • Fulk V of Anjou (French Foulque le Jeune)
• "~ the Young King": Henry the Young King (French Henri le Jeune)
• "~ the Younger":
  • Louis VII of France (French Louis le Jeune)
  • Pippin III, King of the Franks (French, Pépin le Bref; German, Pippin der Kleine, Pippin der Kurze, or Pippin der Jüngere); see also "~ the Short", above

Sobriquets

• "The Accursed": Genghis Khan
• "Caligula": (Latin, "Little Boots"): Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus, Roman Emperor
• "Caracalla" (Latin, "Hooded Tunic"): Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Roman Emperor
• "Cecco Peppe" (Italian, diminutive of Francesco Giuseppe): Franz Joseph I of Austria
• "Champion of the Reformation": John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
• "Emperor-Sacristan": Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
• "Farmer George": George III of the United Kingdom
• "Father-in-law of Europe":
  • Christian IX of Denmark
  • Nicholas I of Montenegro
• "First Gentleman of Europe": Louis XV of France
• "Fox of Mecklenburg": Albert II of Mecklenburg
• "Gloriana": Elizabeth I of England
• "Good King Henry" (French: "le bon roi Henri"): Henry IV of France
• "Good Queen Bess": Elizabeth I of England
• "Grandmother of Europe": Queen Victoria
• "The Great Belly-Gerent": Frederick I of Württemberg
• "The Great Elector" (German: "Großer Kurfürst"): Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg
• "Hammer of the North": Harald III of Norway
• "Hammer of the Scots": Edward I of England
• "Harry": Maud of the United Kingdom
• "He of the Little Dagger" (Catalan language: "el del Punyalet"): Peter IV of Aragon
• "Hooded Tunic" (Latin: Caracalla): Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Roman Emperor
• "The Huckster King": Henry VII of England
• "The Iron and Golden King" Ottokar II of Bohemia (Czech: "Král železný a zlatý")
• "The Iron Duke": Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva (Dutch: "IJzeren Hertog")
• "The Iron Pope":(Italian: Il Papa Ferreo) Pope Sixtus V
• "The King of May" (Italian: "Re di maggio"): Umberto II of Italy
• "The Last Emperor": Puyi of China (Chinese: 末代皇帝)
• "The Last Knight": Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
• "Lion of Justice": Henry I of England; Henry II of England
• "Lion of the North": Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
• "The Little Corporal": Napoleon I of France
• "Little Sabre" (Italian: "Sciaboletta"): Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
• "The Merry Monarch" or "The Merrie Monarch":
  • Charles II of England
  • Kalākaua of Hawai‘i
• "Mrs Brown": Queen Victoria
• "Napoleon of the Pacific": Kamehameha I of Hawai‘i
• "The Nine Days Queen": Lady Jane Grey
• "Old Coppernose": Henry VIII of England
• "The One Of The Little Dagger": (Catalan: "El del Punyalet"): Peter IV of Aragon
• "The People's King": Lunalilo of Hawaii
• "The Pius Grandfather":(Italian: Il Pio Nonno) Pope Pius IX (Play on words)
• "The Prince of Whales": George IV of the United Kingdom
• "The Sailor King": William IV of the United Kingdom
• "The Scourge of God": Attila the Hun
• "Skanderbeg" (from Albanian Skënderbeu, "Lord Alexander"): George Kastrioti of Albania
• "Soft-Sword": John of England
• "Stupid Willy" (Polish: "Głupi Wiluś"): Wilhelm II of Germany
• "The Sun King" (French: "Le Roi Soleil"): Louis XIV of France
• "The Tennis King": (Swedish: Tenniskungen) Gustav V of Sweden
• "The Theater King": (Swedish: Teaterkungen) Gustav III of Sweden
• "Thief of Cairo": Farouk of Egypt
• "The Uncle of Europe": Edward VII of the United Kingdom
• "The Universal Spider" (Old French: "l'universelle aragne"): Louis XI of France
• "The Virgin Queen": Elizabeth I of England
• "The Warrior Pope":(Italian: Il Papa Guerriero) Julius II of the Papal States
• "The Winter King": Frederick I of Bohemia
• "The Wisest Fool In Christendom": James I of England

See also

• Epithet
• Nickname
• Sobriquet
• Victory titles
• List of nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility
• List of people by nickname
• List of people known as The Great
• List of royal saints and martyrs
• List of military figures by nickname
• Lists of nicknames – nickname list articles on Wikipedia

References

• Castro, Jesus de. "IBERCRONOX". geocities.com. Archived from the original on 2009-10-27. 
• Gordon, Bruce R. (April 2005). "Regnal Chronologies". hostkingdom.net. 
• "List of Wallachian, Moldavian and Romanian Sovereigns, 1310-1947". homepage.mac.com. 
• Marek, Miroslav (June 2005). "GENEALOGY.EU". genealogy.euweb.cz. 
• Miller, Elizabeth. "Dracula's Homepage". ucs.mun.ca. 
• Mladjoy, Ian S. R. .
• Ross, Martha. Rulers and Governments of the World - Vol 1, Earliest Times to 1491, Bowker Publishing Company Ltd, London & New York, 1978. ISBN 0-85935-051-7
• Vajda, Edward. "Eurasian Studies 201". pandora.cii.wwu.edu. 

Notes

External links

• Regnal Chronologies