List of military tactics

This page contains a list of military tactics.

The meaning of the phase is context sensitive, and has varied over time, like the difference between "strategy" and "tactics".^[1]

General tactics

• Exploiting prevailing weather – the tactical use of weather as a force multiplier has influenced many important battles throughout history, such as the Battle of Waterloo.^[2]
• Fire attacks – reconnaissance by fire is used by apprehensive soldiers when they suspect the enemy is nearby.
• Force concentration – the practice of concentrating a military force against a portion of an enemy force.^[3]
• Night combat – combat that takes place at night. It often requires more preparation than combat during daylight and can provide significant tactical advantages and disadvantages to both the attacker and defender.^[4]
• Reconnaissance – a mission to obtain information by visual observation or other detection methods, about the activities and resources of the enemy or potential enemy, or about the meteorologic, hydrographic, or geographic characteristics of a particular area.^[5]
• Smoke screening - the practice of creating clouds of smoke positioned to provide concealment, allowing military forces to advance or retreat across open terrain without coming under direct fire from the enemy.

Small unit tactics

The use of suppressive fire is a key part of modern small unit tactics

Eight classical maneuvers of warfare

1. Penetration of the center: This involves the creation of a gap in the enemy line and its exploitation. Two ways of accomplishing this are separating enemy forces and using a reserve to exploit the gap that forms between them (e.g. Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC), the first recorded use of the penetration of the center) or having fast, elite forces smash at a specific point in the enemy line (an enemy weak spot or an area where your elites are at their best in striking power) and, while reserves and holding forces hold your opponent, drive quickly and immediately for the enemy's command or base (i.e., blitzkrieg).
   

   Battle of Issus, a classic example of the single envelopment
2. Attack from a defensive position: Establishing a strong defensive position from which to defend and attack your opponent. However, the defensive can become too passive and result in ultimate defeat (e.g., Siege of Alesia and the Battle of the Granicus).
   

   Battle of Maling, the earliest known use of the feigned retreat
3. Single envelopment: A strong flank beating its opponent opposite and, with the aid of holding attacks, attack an opponent in the rear. Sometimes, the establishment of a strong, hidden force behind a weak flank will prevent your opponent from carrying out their own single envelopment (e.g., Battle of Rocroi).
4. Double envelopment: Both flanks defeat their opponent opposite and launch a rear attack on the enemy center. Its most famous use was Hannibal's tactical masterpiece, the Battle of Cannae and was frequently used by the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front of World War II.
5. Attack in oblique order: This involves placing your flanks in a slanted fashion (refusing one's flank) or giving a vast part of your force to a single flank (e.g., Battle of Leuthen). The latter can be disastrous, however, due to the imbalance of force.
6. Feigned retreat: Having a frontal force fake a retreat, drawing the opponent in pursuit and then launching an assault with strong force held in reserve (such as the Battle of Maling) and the Battle of Hastings). However, a feigned retreat may devolve into a real one, such as in the Battle of Grunwald.
7. Indirect approach: Having a minority of your force demonstrate in front of your opponent while the majority of your force advance from a hidden area and attack the enemy in the rear or flank (e.g., Battle of Chancellorsville).
8. Crossing the "T": a classic naval maneuver which maximizes one side's offensive firepower while minimizing that of the opposing force.

Offensive tactics

The cavalry charge is a quintessential offensive military tactic

Defensive tactics

Defensive trenches were used commonly during World War I

Deception

A mounted archer of the Ming Dynasty Army fires a parthian shot

• Deception and misdirection
  • Deception: Sun Tzu said that all war is based on deception back in the 4th century BC; a wise commander takes measures to let his opponent only react to the wrong circumstances. Diversionary attacks, feints, decoys; there are thousands of tricks that have been successfully used, and still have a role in the future.
    • Perfidy: Combatants tend to have assumptions and ideas of rules and fair practices in combat, but the ones who raise surrender flags to lure their attackers in the open, or who act as stretcher bearers to deceive their targets, tend to be especially disliked.
    • False flag: An ancient ruse de guerre – in the days of sail, it was permissible for a warship to fly the flag of an enemy power, so long as it properly hoisted its true colors before attacking. Wearing enemy uniforms and using enemy equipment to infiltrate or achieve surprise is also permissible though they can be punished as spies if caught behind enemy lines.
  • Military camouflage
  • Stealth technology
  • Disinformation
  • Feint or diversionary attacks
  • Electronic warfare
  • Electronic countermeasures
    • Electronic counter-countermeasures
    • Radio silence – while traveling, a fleet will refrain from communicating by radio to avoid detection by enemy forces.
  • Force multiplication
• Use of surprise
  • Parthian shot
  • Hit-and-run tactics
  • Irregular warfare

See also

• Military strategy
• Tactical formation
• List of military strategies and concepts
• List of established military terms
• Use of bayonets for crowd control

References

External links

• http://www.military-sf.com/Tactics.htm