List of former European colonies

This is a list of former European colonies.

North America

Britain and United Kingdom

• British America
  • Canadian colonies
    • Island of St. John
    • Colony of Newfoundland
    • Province of Nova Scotia
    • Province of Quebec
    • Rupert's Land (A private estate stretching from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains, and from the prairies to the Arctic Circle.^[1])
  • "Thirteen Colonies"
    • New England Colonies:
      • Province of Massachusetts Bay
      • Province of New Hampshire
      • Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
      • Connecticut Colony
    • Province of New York
    • Province of New Jersey
    • Province of Pennsylvania
    • Delaware Colony
    • Province of Maryland
    • Colony of Virginia
    • Province of North Carolina
    • Province of South Carolina
    • Province of Georgia

• • Other North American colonies
    • Province of East Florida
    • Province of West Florida
    • Indian Reserve
    • Oregon Country (disputed with France)
• Bermuda
• British Honduras
• Mosquito Coast

Denmark

• Greenland
• Norway

France

• • New France
  • Newfoundland
  • Île-Royale (Cape Breton Island)
• Saint-Domingue (Haiti)

Netherlands

• New Netherlands (Nieuw-Amsterdam / New York)

Norway

• Greenland
• Vinland

Portugal

• Claim to Labrador
• Settlement in Terra Nova (Newfoundland)

Russia

• Russian America
  • Fort Ross

Spain

• Viceroyalty of New Spain (1535–1821)
  • Las Californias
  • Nuevo Reino de León
  • Nuevo Santander
  • Nueva Vizcaya
  • Santa Fe de Nuevo México
  • Nueva Extremadura
  • Nueva Galicia
• Captaincy General of Cuba
• Puerto Rico
• Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic)
• Captaincy General of Guatemala
• Costa Rica
• El Salvador
• East Florida and West Florida
• Settlement at Nootka, near Vancouver Island, Canada

Sweden

• New Sweden (Nya Sverige)

West Indies and the Caribbean

Brandenburg

• St Thomas

Britain

• Bahamas
• Barbados
• Jamaica
• Leeward Islands
  • Antigua and Barbuda
  • Dominica
  • Saint Christopher (St Kitts)-Nevis
• Windward Islands
  • Grenada
  • Saint Lucia
  • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Courland

• New Courland (Tobago)

Denmark-Norway

• Saint John
• Saint Thomas
• Saint Croix

France

• Anguilla
• Antigua and Barbuda
• Dominica
• Grenada
• Haiti
• Montserrat
• Saint Barthélemy
• Nevis
• Saint Christophe (St Kitts)
• Saint Croix
• Saint-Domingue (Haiti)
• Sainte-Lucia (St Lucia)
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
• Sint Eustatius
• Tobago

Knights of Malta

• Saint-Barthélemy
• Saint Christopher (St Kitts)
• Saint Croix
• Tortuga (off coast of Haiti)

Netherlands

• Anegada
• New Walcheren (Tobago)
• Saint Croix
• Tortola
• Virgin Gorda

Portugal

• Barbados

Spain

• Bahamas
• Cuba
• Island of Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic)
• Jamaica
• Puerto Rico
• Trinidad

Sweden

• Guadeloupe
• Saint-Barthélemy

South America

Britain

• British Guiana
  • Berbice, Essequibo, Demerara
• Falkland Islands
• South Georgia
  • South Sandwich Islands

France

• Brazil (Rio de Janeiro briefly, and São Luís briefly)

(see France Antarctique and France Équinoxiale)

• Iles Malouines (Falkland Islands)
• French Guiana

Netherlands

• Berbice (Guyana)
• Demerara
• Surinam (Suriname)
• Essequibo
• New Holland (Brazil – Half the capitanas)

Spain

• Perú
• New Granada
• Río de la Plata

Portugal

• Brazil
• Cisplatina (Uruguay)
• French Guiana

Africa

Netherlands

• Arguin Island (in Mauritania)
• Dutch Cape Colony
• Dutch Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana, including El Mina)
• Dutch Loango-Angola (Luanda, Sonyo and Cabinda)
• Gorée (Senegal)
• Moçambique (Delagoa Bay)
• São Tomé
• South Africa

Belgium

• Belgian Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
• Lado Enclave
• Ruanda-Urundi (Rwanda and Burundi)

Brandenburg

• Arguin (in Mauritania)
• Brandenburger Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)

Britain

• Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Sudan)
• Basutoland (Lesotho)
• Balleland (Benin)
• Bechuanaland (Botswana)
• British East Africa (Kenya)
• British Somaliland (northern Somalia)
• British Togoland (eastern Ghana)
• British Cameroons (split between Nigeria and Cameroon)
• British Egypt
  • Khedivate of Egypt
  • Sultanate of Egypt
  • Kingdom of Egypt
• Gambia Colony and Protectorate
• Gold Coast (Ghana)
• Colonial Nigeria
  • Niger Coast Protectorate
  • Northern Nigeria Protectorate
  • Southern Nigeria Protectorate
  • Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
• Northern Rhodesia (Zambia)
• Nyasaland (Malawi)
• Sierra Leone
• South Africa
  • British Cape Colony
  • Colony of Natal
  • Orange Free State
  • Transvaal Colony
• South-West Africa (Namibia)
  • Walvis Bay
• Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)
• Swaziland
• Tanganyika Territory (mainland Tanzania)
• Uganda Protectorate
• Sultanate of Zanzibar (insular Tanzania)

Courland

• St. Andrews Island (in Gambia)

Denmark-Norway

• Danish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)

France

• Albreda (in Gambia)
• Dahomey (Benin)
• French Algeria
• French Cameroons (91% of modern Cameroon)
• French Chad
• French Congo (Republic of Congo)
• French Guinea (Guinea)
• French Upper Volta (Republic of Upper Volta, Burkina Faso)
• French Somaliland (Djibouti)
• French Sudan (Mali)
• French Togoland (Togo)
• Gabon
• Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
• Malagasy Protectorate
• Colonial Mauritania
• French protectorate in Morocco (89% of Morocco)
• Niger
• Oubangui-Chari (Central African Republic)
• Senegambia and Niger
  • Upper Senegal and Niger
  • Colony of Niger
• French protectorate of Tunisia

Germany

• German East Africa (Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania)
• German South-West Africa (Namibia)
• Kamerun (split between Cameroon and Nigeria)
• Togoland (split between Togo and Ghana)
• Wituland

Italy

• Italian East Africa
• Italian Eritrea
• Italian Libya
• Italian Somaliland

Portugal

• Ajuda (Whydah, in Benin)
• Angola
• Annobon
• Cabinda
• Cape Verde
• Ceuta
• Gorée (in Senegal)
• Malindi
• Mombasa
• Algarve Ultramar (Morocco)
  • Agadir
  • Alcacer Ceguer
  • Arzila
  • Azamor
  • Mazagan
  • Mogador
  • Safim
• Nigeria (Lagos area)
• Mozambique
• Portuguese Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana)
• Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau)
• Quíloa
• São Tomé and Príncipe
• Tangier
• Zanzibar
• Ziguinchor

Spain

• Bona
• Bougie
• Jerba
• Fernando Po and Annobon (insular Equatorial Guinea)
• Oran
• Port Guinea
• Rio Muni (mainland Equatorial Guinea)
• Spanish North Africa
  • Spanish Protectorate in Morocco
  • Ceuta
  • Melilla
• Spanish West Africa
  • Río de Oro
  • Saguia el-Hamra
  • Tarfaya Strip
  • Ifni

Sweden

• Swedish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)

Indian Ocean

France

• French Comoros
• Isle de France (now Mauritius)
• French Madagascar
• French Seychelles

Netherlands

• Dutch Mauritius (now Mauritius)

Portugal

• Laccadive Islands (Lakshadweep)
• Maldive Islands
• Socotra

Middle East

Britain

• Aden Protectorate
• Bahrain
• History of Egypt under the British
• Mandatory Iraq
• Sheikhdom of Kuwait
• Muscat and Oman
• Mandatory Palestine
• Qatar
• South Arabia
• Emirate of Transjordan
• Trucial States

France

• French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
• Yemen (Cheik-Saïd peninsula)

Netherlands

• Jemen, Al Mukha (Mocca)
• Mesopotamia (Iraq, Al Basrah)

Portugal

• Bandar Abbas
• Hormuz
• Manama
• Muharraq Island
• Muscat
• Qeshm

Russia

• Russian Armenia
• Russian Azerbaijan
• Georgia within the Russian Empire

Indian Subcontinent

Austria

• Nicobar Islands

Britain

• British India (After independence from Britain,` British India became Pakistan (East and West) and India – later East Pakistan was to become Bangladesh)
  • Bangladesh
  • India
  • Pakistan
• Burma (Myanmar)
• Ceylon (Sri Lanka)

Denmark-Norway

• Frederik Oerne Islands (Nicobar Islands)
• Serampore
• Tranquebar

France

• India
  • Pondicherry, Karikal, Yanaon, Mahé, and Chandernagore

Netherlands

• Bangladesh (Dutch Bengal)
• Burma (Myanmar) (Mrohaung (Arakan), Siriangh, Syriam, Ava, Martaban)
• Ceylon
• India (Dutch Bengal, Suratte, Malabar, Coromandel)

Portugal

• Bombay
• Calicut
• Cambay
• Cannanore
• Ceylon (Cilão)
• Chaul
• Chittagong
• Cochin
• Dadra and Nagar Haveli
• Daman and Diu
• Goa
• Hughli
• Masulipatnam
• Mangalore
• Surat
• Syriam

Asia-Pacific

United Kingdom

• Australia
  • New South Wales
  • Queensland
  • South Australia
  • Swan River Colony/Western Australia
  • Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania)
  • Victoria
• British Solomon Islands
• British Western Pacific Territories
• Brunei
• Colonial Fiji
• Gilbert and Ellice Islands (Kiribati & Tuvalu)
• Kingdom of Rarotonga (Cook Islands)
• New Zealand
  • Auckland Islands
  • New Hebrides
• Niue
• Malaysia
  • British Malaya
    • Federated Malay States
    • Straits Settlements
    • Unfederated Malay States
  • British Borneo
    • North Borneo
    • Kingdom of Sarawak
• Nauru
• Singapore
• Territory of Papua and New Guinea
• Territory of New Guinea
• Western Samoa
• Phoenix Islands (part of Kiribati)
• Solomon Islands
• Territory of Papua
• Tokelau
• Tonga
• Hong Kong
• New Hebrides (Vanuatu, condominium with France)

Belgium

• Tientsin (concession territory)

France

• East Asia
  • Kwang-Chou-Wan (廣州灣) leased territory, now the city of Zhanjiang (Guangdong province)
  • French settlements (concessions) in Shanghai, Guangdong, Tianjin, and Hankou
  • French zone of influence officially recognized by China over the provinces of Yunnan, Guangxi, Hainan, and Guangdong
• Indochina
  • Cambodia
  • Laos
  • Vietnam
    • Annam
    • Cochinchina
    • Tonkin
• New Hebrides (Vanuatu, condominium with Britain)

Germany

• Bismarck Archipelago
• Caroline Islands (Karolinen)
• German Samoa
• Jiaozhou Bay (Kiautschou)
• Kaiser-Wilhelmsland
• Marshall Islands
• Nauru
• North Solomon Islands
• Northern Marianas Islands (Marianen)
• Palau

Netherlands

• Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)
• Malacca
• Taiwan (Tayowan)

Portugal

• Flores
• Macau
• Malacca
• Moluccas
  • Ambon
  • Ternate
  • Tidore
• Portuguese Timor (Timor-Leste)

Russia

• Kazakhstan
• Kyrgyzstan
• Tajikistan
• Turkmenistan
• Uzbekistan

Spain

• Spanish East Indies
  • Philippines
  • Marianas Islands (Ladrones)
    • Guam
    • Northern Marianas Islands
  • Caroline Islands
• Marshall Islands

Europe

Austria

• Austrian Netherlands
• Saarland or Saar (protectorate)

Britain

• Corsica (the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom was a protectorate or in personal union with Britain)
• Cyprus
• Heligoland
• Ionian islands
• Ireland (Originally as the Lordship of Ireland)
• Malta
• Minorca

Denmark

• Danish Estonia
• Iceland

Greece

• Magna Graecia

Italy

• Albania
• Dodecanese
• Sazan Island

Norway

• Faroe Islands
• Hebrides
• Iceland
• Isle of Man
• Orkney
• Shetland

Russia

• Belarus
• Finland
• Estonia
• Latvia
• Lithuania
• Moldova
• Ukraine
• Poland

Spain

• Spanish Netherlands
• Crown of Castile
• Gibraltar
• Crown of Aragon
• Duchy of Milan

Sweden

• Swedish Estonia
• Swedish Ingria
• Swedish Livonia
• Swedish Pomerania

See also

• Austrian colonial policy
• Belgian colonial empire
• British colonial empire
• Danish colonial empire
• Dutch colonial empire
• French colonial empire
• German colonial empire
• List of former German colonies
• Italian colonial empire
• Evolution of the Portuguese Empire
• Spanish colonial empire
• Swedish colonial empire

References