List of earthquakes in Turkey

Map of plate boundaries affecting Turkey

This is a list of earthquakes in Turkey, including any notable historical earthquakes that have epicenters within the current boundaries of Turkey, or which caused significant effects in this area. This list is incomplete.

Tectonic setting

Turkey is a seismically active area within the complex zone of collision between the Eurasian Plate and both the African and Arabian Plates. Much of the country lies on the Anatolian Plate, a small plate bounded by two major strike-slip fault zones, the North Anatolian Fault and East Anatolian Fault. The western part of the country is also affected by the zone of extensional tectonics in the Aegean Sea caused by the southward migration of the Hellenic arc. The easternmost part of Turkey lies on the western end of the Zagros fold and thrust belt, which is dominated by thrust tectonics.

Seismic hazard

Seismic hazard for Turkey from the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP) in terms of peak ground acceleration with a 10% chance of being exceeded (or a 90% chance of not being exceeded) within the next 50 years

Seismic hazard in Turkey is highest along the plate boundaries, but there is a significant risk of damaging earthquakes almost anywhere in the country.

List of notable earthquakes

Date Time‡ Place Latitude Longitude Fatalities Magnitude Comments Sources
00017-00-0017 CE n/a Philadelphia (Alaşehir) 38.21 28.31 n/a n/a see AD 17 Lydia earthquake [1]
00115-12-13December 13, 115 Antioch 36.1 36.1 ~260,000 7.5 Ms see 115 Antioch earthquake [2]
00141-00-00141 (or 142) Lycia, Caria, Dodecanese 36.7 28.0 n/a VIII Triggered a severe tsunami that caused inundation at Rhodes; see 141 Lycia earthquake [3]
00262-00-00262 South and west coasts of Anatolia 36.5 27.8 n/a IX Damaged many buildings at Ephesus and triggered a tsunami that hit coastal cities; see 262 Southwest Anatolia earthquake [4]
00526-05-19May 19, 526 Antioch 250,000 VIII The city of Antioch was greatly damaged, and some decades later the city's population was just 300,000. see 526 Antioch earthquake [5]
00557-12-14December 14, 557 just before midnight Constantinople 40.9 28.7 n/a X (Intense) Constantinople was "almost completely razed to the ground" by the earthquake. see 557 Constantinople earthquake [6]
01268-00-001268 Cilicia, Anatolia 37.5 35.5 60,000 ~7 see 1268 Cilicia earthquake –
01509-09-10September 10, 1509 Constantinople 40.9 28.7 10,000 7.2 Mw see 1509 Constantinople earthquake –
01653-02-23February 23, 1653 Smyrna 38.2 28.2 2,500 7.5 see 1653 East Smyrna earthquake [7]
01668-08-17August 17, 1668 Anatolia 40 36 8,000 8 USGS
01688-07-10July 10, 1688 11:45 Smyrna 38.4 26.9 16,000 7.0 Ms see 1688 Smyrna earthquake [8]
01855-02-28February 28, 1855 01:00 Bursa 40.2 29.1 1,900 6.7 see 1855 Bursa earthquake [9]
01859-06-02June 2, 1859 10:30 Erzurum 39.9 41.3 15,000 6.1 Ms see 1859 Erzurum earthquake [10]
01881-04-03April 3, 1881 11:30 Chios, Çeşme, Alaçatı 38.25 26.25 7,866 7.3 Mw see 1881 Chios earthquake [11]
01894-07-10July 10, 1894 12:24 Gulf of Izmit 40.73 29.25 1,300 7.0 see 1894 Istanbul earthquake [12]
01903-04-29April 29, 1903 01:46 local time Malazgirt 39.14 42.65 600 6.7 Ms see 1903 Malazgirt earthquake [13][14]
01912-08-09August 9, 1912 03:29 local time Mürefte 40.75 27.2 216 7.3 MS see 1912 Mürefte earthquake [13][14]
01914-10-04October 4, 1914 00:07 local time Burdur 37.82 30.27 300 6.9 MS see 1914 Burdur earthquake [13][14]
01924-09-13September 13, 1924 16:34 local time Horasan 40.0 42.1 60 6.8 see 1924 Pasinler earthquake [13][14]
01926-10-22October 22, 1926 21:59 local time Kars 40.7 43.7 360 6.0 Ms see 1926 Kars earthquake [15]
01928-03-31March 31, 1928 02:29 local time Smyrna 38.5 28.0 50 6.5 MS Possible M=6.2 foreshock previous day [13][14]
01929-05-18May 18, 1929 08:37 local time Suşehri 40.2 37.9 64 6.1 Ms [13][14]
01930-05-07May 7, 1930 00:34 local time Hakkâri 38.1 44.7 2,514 7.2–7.5 Ms see 1930 Salmas earthquake [16]
01935-01-04January 4, 1935 16:41 local time Erdek 40.4 27.5 5 6.4 Ms [13][14]
01938-04-19April 19, 1938 12:59 local time Kırşehir 39.1 34.0 160 6.6 MS see 1938 Kırşehir earthquake [13][14]
01939-09-22September 22, 1939 02:36 local time Dikili 39.1 26.8 60 6.6 MS [13][14]
01939-12-26December 26, 1939 23:57 Erzincan 39.77 39.53 32,700 7.8 MS see 1939 Erzincan earthquake USGS
01942-11-15November 15, 1942 19:01 local time Bigadiç 39.2 28.2 16 6.1 MS [13][14]
01942-12-20December 20, 1942 14:03 Erbaa 40.87 36.47 3000 7.0 see North Anatolian Fault [17]
01943-06-20June 20, 1943 17:32 local time Hendek 40.6 30.5 336 6.6 MS [13][14]
01943-11-26November 26, 1943 22:24 Ladik 41.05 33.72 4000 7.4 see North Anatolian Fault [17]
01944-02-01February 1, 1944 03:25 Gerede 40.8 32.2 3959 7.5 see North Anatolian Fault [17]
01944-10-06October 6, 1944 04:34 local time Ayvalık 39.37 26.53 30 6.8 MS [13][14]
01949-08-17August 17, 1949 Karlıova 39.54 40.57 450 6.8 see North Anatolian Fault [17]
01951-08-13August 13, 1951 18:36 Kurşunlu 40.88 32.87 50 6.9 see North Anatolian Fault [17]
01953-03-18 March 18, 1953 21:06 local time Yenice 40.02 27.53 265 7.2 MS [13][14]
01955-07-16July 16, 1955 09:07 local time Söke 37.55 27.05 23 6.8 MS [13][14]
01957-04-25April 25, 1957 04:25 local time Fethiye 36.5 28.6 67 7.1 MS see 1957 Fethiye earthquakes [13][14]
01957-05-26May 26, 1957 6:36 Abant 40.67 31.00 52 7.1 see North Anatolian Fault [17]
01964-10-06October 6, 1964 16:31 local time Manyas 40.1 27.93 23 7.0 MS [13][14]
01966-08-19August 19, 1966 12:23 Varto 39.17 41.56 2396 6.7 see 1966 Varto earthquake [17]
01967-07-22July 22, 1967 16:56 Mudurnu 40.67 30.69 89 7.2 see North Anatolian Fault [17]
01968-09-03September 3, 1968 10:19 local time Bartın 41.79 32.31 29 6.5 MS [13][14]
01969-03-28March 28, 1969 03:48 local time Alaşehir 38.5 28.4 53 6.5 MS [13][14]
01970-03-28March 28, 1970 23:02 local time Gediz 39.2 29.5 1086 7.2 MS see 1970 Gediz earthquake [13][14]
01971-05-22May 22, 1971 16:44 Bingöl 38.83 40.52 1000+ 6.9 see North Anatolian Fault [18]
01975-09-06September 6, 1975 12:20 local time Lice 38.5 40.7 2385 6.6 MS [13][14]
01976-11-24November 24, 1976 14:22 local time Muradiye 39.12 44.03 3840 7.5 MS see 1976 Çaldıran–Muradiye earthquake [13][14]
01983-10-30October 30, 1983 07:12 local time Erzurum 40.33 42.19 1155 6.9 MS [13][14]
01992-03-13March 13, 1992 17.18 Erzincan 39.70 39.69 498 6.8 see North Anatolian Fault [19]
01995-10-01October 1, 1995 17:57 local time Dinar 38.06 30.13 90 6.1 MS see 1995 Dinar earthquake [13][14]
01998-06-27June 27, 1998 16:55 local time Ceyhan 36.88 35.31 146 6.2 MS see 1998 Adana–Ceyhan earthquake [13][14]
01999-08-17August 17, 1999 03:02 local time Izmit 40.77 30 17,127 7.6 see 1999 İzmit earthquake USGS
01999-11-12November 12, 1999 18:57 local time Düzce 40.75 31.16 894 7.2 M (PDE Monthly Listing); see 1999 Düzce earthquake USGS
02002-02-03February 3, 2002 07:11 Afyon 38.573 31.271 44 6.5 Mw (HRV) [20]
02003-01-27January 27, 2003 05:26 Pülümür 39.46 39.79 1 6.1 Mw (HRV, USGS) USGS
02003-05-01May 1, 2003 00:27 Bingöl 39.01 40.46 177 6.4 Mw (HRV, USGS); see 2003 Bingöl earthquake [21]
02010-03-08March 8, 2010 02:32 Elâzığ 38.87 39.99 41 6.1 Mw (HRV); see 2010 Elâzığ earthquake [22]
02011-05-19May 19, 2011 23:15 Kütahya Province 39.14 29.07 2 5.8 Mw (HRV); see 2011 Kütahya earthquake [23]
02011-10-23October 23, 2011 13:41 Van Province 38.63 43.49 604 7.2 Mw (HRV); see 2011 Van earthquake [24]

See also

References

  1. ↑ The Internet Classics Archive. "Tacitus Annales Book 2, 47". Retrieved 21 June 2013.
  2. ↑ National Geophysical Data Center. "Comments for the Significant Earthquake". Retrieved 19 October 2011.
  3. ↑ "Comments for the tsunami event". Significant Earthquake Database. National Geophysical Data Center. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
  4. ↑ "Turkey: S Coasts; Libya: Comments for the Earthquake Event". Significant Earthquake Database. National Geophysical Data Center. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
  5. ↑ Procopius, II.14.6; sources based on John of Ephesus
  6. ↑ Agathias; Frendo, Joseph D. (1975), The histories, Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-003357-1
  7. ↑ NGDC. "Comments for the 1653 Earthquake". Retrieved 1 February 2011.
  8. ↑ NGDC. "Comments for the 1688 Earthquake". Retrieved 1 February 2011.
  9. ↑ NGDC. "Comments for the 1855 Earthquake". Retrieved 2 February 2011.
  10. ↑ NGDC. "Comments for the 1859 Earthquake". Retrieved 1 February 2011.
  11. ↑ NGDC. "Comments for the 1881 Earthquake". Retrieved 2 February 2011.
  12. ↑ Ambraseys, N. (January 2001). "The earthquake of 10 July 1894 in the Gulf of Izmit (Turkey) and its relation to the earthquake of 17 August 1999". Journal of Seismology. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 5 (1): 117–128. ISSN 1573-157X. doi:10.1023/A:1009871605267.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Bogazici University Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute National Earthquake Monitoring Center (NEMC) List of earthquakes 1900–2004 (In Turkish)
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 IISEENET (Information Network of Earthquake disaster Prevention Technologies) – Search Page
  15. ↑ NGDC. "Comments for the 1926 Earthquake". Retrieved 3 February 2011.
  16. ↑ NGDC. "Comments for the 1930 Earthquake". Retrieved 3 February 2011.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Toksoz, M.N., Shakal, A.F. & Michael, A.J. 1979. Space-Time Migration of Earthquakes Along the North Anatolian Fault Zone and Seismic Gaps. Pageophys, 117, 1258–1270.
  18. ↑ USGS list of earthquakes with 1,000 or More Deaths since 1900 Archived 2008-10-11 at the Wayback Machine.
  19. ↑ Bernard, P., Gariel, J-C. & Dorbath L. 1997. Fault location and rupture kinematics of the magnitude 6.8, 1992 Erzincan earthquake, Turkey, from strong ground motion and regional records. Bulletin Seismological Society of America, 87, 1230–1243.
  20. ↑ USGS. "Significant Earthquakes of the World 2002".
  21. ↑ USGS. "Significant Earthquakes of the World 2003".
  22. ↑ USGS. "Magnitude 6.1 – eastern Turkey". Archived from the original on 2010-03-11.
  23. ↑ USGS. "Magnitude 5.8 – WESTERN TURKEY".
  24. ↑ USGS. "Magnitude 7.2 – EASTERN TURKEY". Archived from the original on 2011-10-24.
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