List of currencies in Europe

The eurozone as of 2013
  Eurozone member states
  ERM II member states
  Other EU member states
  States using the euro as a result of a treaty
  States which have unilaterally adopted the euro

There are 28 currencies currently used in the 50 countries of Europe, all of which are members of the United Nations, except Vatican City, which is an observer.[1] All de facto present currencies in Europe, and an incomplete list of the preceding currency, are listed here.

A currency is a medium of exchange, such as money, banknotes, and coins.[2] In Europe, the most commonly used currency is the euro; any country entering the European Union (EU) is expected to join the eurozone[3] when they meet the five convergence criteria.[4] Denmark is the only EU member which has been granted an exemption from using the euro,[3] Sweden has also not adopted the Euro, although unlike Denmark, it has not formally opted out, instead, fails to meet the ERM II (Exchange Rate Mechanism) which results in the non-use of the Euro.[5][6] For countries which hope to join the eurozone, there are five guidelines that need to be followed, grouped in the Maastricht criteria.[3]

The pound sterling, used by the United Kingdom, is rated at fourth on Investopedia's list of the top 8 most tradable currencies, saying that it is a "little bit more volatile than the euro".[7] It was ranked just ahead of the Swiss franc, ranked fifth, which is used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, saying that the set up of the Swiss banking "emphasizes the economic and financial stability policies dictated by the governing board of the SNB". Both are in the top 8 major currencies on Bloomberg.[8] Various countries use currencies which translate as "crown": the Czech koruna, the Norwegian krone, the Danish krone, the Icelandic króna, and the Swedish krona.[9]

At present, the euro is legal tender in 19 out of 28 European Union member states,[10] in addition to 5 countries not part of the EU (Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City, Andorra and Montenegro).[11] The Republic of Kosovo also uses the euro,[11] but is only partially recognised as an independent state.

European currencies

List of all European currencies
Country Present currency Currency sign ISO 4217 code Fractional unit Previous currency
 Albania Albanian lek[12] L[13] ALL Qindarkë N/A
 Andorra Euro[14] €[15] EUR Cent None official[14][16]
 Austria Euro[17] € EUR Cent Schilling[18]
 Azerbaijan Azerbaijani manat[19] ₼ AZN Qapik Russian ruble[20]
 Belarus Belarusian ruble[21][22] Br BYN Kopeck Second Ruble[23]
 Belgium Euro[24] € EUR Cent Belgian franc[25]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark[26] KM BAM Fening Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar[27]
 Bulgaria Bulgarian lev[28] лв BGN Stotinka N/A
 Croatia Croatian kuna[29] kn HRK Lipa Croatian dinar[30]
 Cyprus Euro[31] € EUR Cent Cypriot pound[32]
 Czech Republic Czech koruna[33] Kč CZK Haléř Czechoslovak koruna[34]
 Denmark Danish krone[35] kr. DKK Øre Danish rigsdaler[36]
 Estonia Euro[37][38] € EUR Cent Estonian kroon[39][40]
 Finland Euro[41] € EUR Cent Finnish markka[42]
 France Euro[43] € EUR Cent French franc[44]
 Georgia Georgian lari[45] ₾ GEL Tetri Kupon lari[46]
 Germany Euro[47] € EUR Cent Deutsche Mark
 Greece Euro[48] € EUR Cent Greek drachma[49]
 Hungary Hungarian forint[50] Ft HUF Fillér Hungarian pengő[51]
 Iceland Icelandic króna: second króna[52] kr, Íkr ISK Aurar Icelandic króna: first króna[52]
 Ireland Euro[53] € EUR Cent Punt[54]
 Italy Euro[55] € EUR Cent Italian lira[56]
 Latvia Euro € EUR Cent Latvian lats[57]
 Liechtenstein Swiss franc[58][59] CHF CHF Rappen, also called Centime, Centesimo, and Rap Liechtenstein krone[60]
 Lithuania Euro [61][62] € EUR Cent Lithuanian litas
 Luxembourg Euro[63] € EUR Cent Luxembourgish franc[64]
 Republic of Macedonia Second Macedonian denar[65] ден MKD Deni First Macedonian denar[66]
 Malta Euro[67] € EUR Cent Maltese lira[68]
 Moldova Moldovan leu[69] L MDL Ban Moldovan cupon[70]
 Monaco Euro[71] € EUR Cent Monegasque franc
 Montenegro Euro[71] € EUR Cent Deutsche Mark[72]
 Netherlands Euro[73] € EUR Cent Dutch guilder[74]
 Norway Norwegian krone[75] kr, – NOK Øre Norwegian speciedaler[76]
 Poland Polish złoty[77] zł PLN Grosz Polish marka
 Portugal Euro[78] € EUR Cent Portuguese escudo[79]
 Romania Fourth Romanian leu[80] lei RON ban Third Romanian leu[81]
 Russia Russian ruble[82] ₽ RUB Kopeyka Fifth Ruble[82]
 San Marino Euro[83] € EUR Cent Sammarinese lira[83]
 Serbia Serbian dinar[84] RSD or РСД (unofficial: din. or дин.) RSD Para Yugoslav dinar[84]
 Slovakia Euro[85] € EUR Cent Slovak koruna[85]
 Slovenia Euro[86] € EUR Cent Slovenian tolar[86]
 Spain Euro[87] € EUR Cent Spanish peseta[87]
 Sweden Swedish krona[88] kr SEK Öre Swedish riksdaler[88]
  Switzerland Swiss franc[89] CHF[89] CHF Rappen, also called Centime, Centesimo, and Rap None[89]
 Turkey Turkish lira[90] ₺ TRY Kuruş First Turkish Lira[90]
 Ukraine Ukrainian hryvnia[91] ₴ UAH Kopiyka (копійка) Ukrainian karbovanets[91]
 United Kingdom Pound sterling[92] £ GBP Penny (pl. Pence) Pound sterling[93]
  Vatican City Euro[94] € EUR Cent Vatican lira[95]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Holy See (Vatican City)". CIA World Factbook. 3 September 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
  2. ↑ "cur•ren•cy, definition 1". The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 Stastna, Kazi (9 December 2011). "Euro: the common currency explained". CBC News. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  4. ↑ "Who can join and when?". European Commission. 4 September 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
  5. ↑ "ERM II". Minestary of Finance. 11 November 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
  6. ↑ "Sweden and the euro". European Commission. 8 August 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
  7. ↑ "Top 8 Most Tradable Currencies". Investopedia. 30 June 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  8. ↑ "Currencies: Major World Currencies". Bloomberg. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  9. ↑ Mapes, Terri. "Currencies in Europe". About.com. Retrieved 31 October 2013.
  10. ↑ "The euro". Europa. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  11. 1 2 "Introduction". European Central Bank. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  12. ↑ "ALL – Albanian Lek". Xe. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  13. ↑ "Albanian Lek". Oanda. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  14. 1 2 "By monetary agreement between France (acting for the EC) and Monaco". Retrieved 30 May 2010.
  15. ↑ "EUR – Euro". Xe. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  16. ↑ "The euro outside the euro area". European Commission: economic and financial affairs. 5 September 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  17. ↑ "Local Currency in Austria". CurrencyName.com. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  18. ↑ "Austrian Schilling". BBC. 2001. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  19. ↑ "AZN – Azerbaijani New Manat". Xe. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  20. ↑ "Milli valyutamızın tarixi (Azerbaijani)". AZƏRBAYCAN RESPUBLİKASININ MƏRKƏZİ BANKI. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  21. ↑ "Banknotes and Coins of the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus". National Bank of the Republic of Belarus. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  22. ↑ "BYR – Belarusian Ruble". Xe. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  23. ↑ "Belarusian Ruble". Oanda. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  24. ↑ "Chronological summary of the history of the Belgian franc". National Bank of Belgium. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  25. ↑ "Belgian Franc". BBC. 2001. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  26. ↑ "BAM – Bosnian Convertible Marka". Xe. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  27. ↑ "Bosnian Mark". Oanda. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  28. ↑ "BGN – Bulgarian Lev". Xe. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  29. ↑ "HRK – Croatian Kuna". Xe. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  30. ↑ "Papirnati novac hrvatski dinar 1991. – 1994". Kunalipa. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  31. ↑ "Cyprus (as of 1 January 2008)". The European Central Bank. Archived from the original on 19 December 2007. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  32. ↑ "Cyprus Pound". Oanda. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  33. ↑ "CZK – Czech Koruna". Xe. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  34. ↑ "Czech Koruna". Oanda. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
  35. ↑ "DKK – Danish Krone". Xe. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  36. ↑ "Danish Krone". Oanda. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
  37. ↑ "Estonia (since 1 January 2011)". European Central Bank. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  38. ↑ "Ministers offer Estonia entry to eurozone January 1". France24. 8 June 2010. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  39. ↑ "Money and currency in Estonia". Visit Estonia. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  40. ↑ "Estonian Kroon". Oanda. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
  41. ↑ "Finland and the euro". European Commission. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  42. ↑ "Finnish Markka". BBC. 2001. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  43. ↑ "France and the euro". European Commission. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  44. ↑ "French Franc". BBC. 2001. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  45. ↑ "Banknotes". National Bank of Georgia. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  46. ↑ "Georgian Lari". Financial Dictionary. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  47. ↑ "DM coins". Bundesbank. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  48. ↑ "Greece and the euro". European Commission. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  49. ↑ "drachma". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  50. ↑ "Hungarian Forint". Famous Wonders. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  51. ↑ "1925. évi XXXV. törvénycikk (Hungarian)". 1000ev.hu. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  52. 1 2 "Iceland Krona". Oanda. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  53. ↑ "Ireland and the euro". European Commission. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  54. ↑ Kelly, John (Spring 2003). "The Irish Pound: From Origins to EMU" (PDF). Irish Central Bank. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  55. ↑ "Italy and the euro". European Commission. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  56. ↑ "The Phillips Curve and the Italian Lira, 1861–1998". Social Science Research Network. SSRN 1156845 Freely accessible.
  57. ↑ "Introduction". Latvijas Banka. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  58. ↑ "Europe > Liechtenstein > Currency". Nation Master. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
  59. ↑ "Liechtenstein Exchange Rate". Greenwichmeantime. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
  60. ↑ "Liechtenstein Krone Y# 2". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
  61. ↑ "Lithuanian Litas". Famous Wonders. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  62. ↑ "EUR– euro". Xe. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  63. ↑ "Luxembourg and the euro". European Commission. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
  64. ↑ "Luxembourg Franc". BBC. 2001. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
  65. ↑ "Ќе се слават 20 години од македонскиот денар (Macedonian)". HobaMakeДohhja. 20 February 2011. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  66. ↑ "Macedonian Denar". Oanda. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
  67. ↑ "Malta's euro coins". Central Bank of Malta. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  68. ↑ "The Coinage of Malta". Central Bank of Malta. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  69. ↑ "Moldovan Leu". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  70. ↑ "Moldovan Cupon". The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  71. 1 2 "Introduction". European Central Bank. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  72. ↑ Anderson, Paul (3 January 2002). "Montenegro's euro challenge". BBC. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  73. ↑ "Netherlands". Eurozone. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  74. ↑ "Netherlands Gilder". BBC. 2001. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  75. ↑ "NOK – Norwegian Krone". Xe. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  76. ↑ "Norwegian Kroner". Oanda. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
  77. ↑ "Convert United States Dollar to Polish Zloty". Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  78. ↑ "Portugal and the Euro". EU Business. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  79. ↑ "Portuguese Escudo". BBC. 2001. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  80. ↑ "Redenomination of domestic currency". Banca Naţională a României. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  81. ↑ "Romanian New Leu". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  82. 1 2 "Russian Rouble". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  83. 1 2 "Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino". The Euro Information Website. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  84. 1 2 "Serbian Dinar". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  85. 1 2 "Slovak Koruna". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  86. 1 2 "Slovenian Tolar". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  87. 1 2 "Spanish peseta". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  88. 1 2 "Swedish Krona". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  89. 1 2 3 "Swiss Franc". Oanda. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  90. 1 2 "Turkish Lira". Oanda. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  91. 1 2 "Ukraine Hryvnia". Oanda. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  92. ↑ "Celebrating 40 Years of Decimalisation The Story of Decimal Coinage". Royal Mint. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  93. ↑ Dawnay, Kit (8 October 2001). "A history of sterling". The Telegraph. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
  94. ↑ "Vatican City". European Central Bank. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
  95. ↑ "The New Philatelic and Numismatic Museum – Official celebrative Envelope". Vatican City State. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
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