List of critically endangered plants

35 extinct in the wild plant species (0.16%) 2493 critically endangered plant species (11%) 3654 endangered plant species (17%) 5430 vulnerable plant species (25%) 1851 near threatened plant species (8.5%) 6645 least concern plant species (31%) 1674 data deficient plant species (7.7%)Circle frame.svg
  •   Extinct in the wild (EW): 35 species
  •   Critically endangered (CR): 2,493 species
  •   Endangered (EN): 3,654 species
  •   Vulnerable (VU): 5,430 species
  •   Near threatened (NT, LR/cd): 1,851 species
  •   Least concern (LC): 6,645 species
  •   Data deficient (DD): 1,674 species
Plant species (IUCN, 2016-2)
  • 21,782 extant species have been evaluated
  • 20,108 of those are fully assessed[lower-alpha 1]
  • 8496 are not threatened at present[lower-alpha 2]
  • 11,577 to 13,251 are threatened[lower-alpha 3]
  • 151 to 296 are extinct or extinct in the wild:
    • 116 extinct (EX) species[lower-alpha 4]
    • 35 extinct in the wild (EW)
    • 132 possibly extinct [CR(PE)]
    • 13 possibly extinct in the wild [CR(PEW)]

  1. excludes data deficient evaluations.
  2. NT, LR/cd, LC.
  3. Threatened comprises CR, EN and VU. Upper estimate additionally includes DD.
  4. Chart omits extinct (EX) species
Critically Endangered (CR) species face an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.

As of September 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 2493 critically endangered plant species, including 145 which are tagged as possibly extinct or possibly extinct in the wild.[1][2] 11% of all evaluated plant species are listed as critically endangered. The IUCN also lists 89 subspecies and 70 varieties as critically endangered.

Additionally 1674 plant species (7.6% of those evaluated) are listed as data deficient, meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status. As these species typically have small distributions and/or populations, they are intrinsically likely to be threatened, according to the IUCN.[3] While the category of data deficient indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made for the taxa, the IUCN notes that it may be appropriate to give them "the same degree of attention as threatened taxa, at least until their status can be assessed."[4]

This is a complete list of critically endangered plant species, subspecies and varieties evaluated by the IUCN. Species considered possibly extinct by the IUCN are marked as such.

Algae

  • Galaxaura barbata (possibly extinct)
  • Gracilaria skottsbergii
  • Laurencia oppositocladia
  • Myriogramme kylinii
  • Phycodrina elegans (possibly extinct)
  • Schizymenia ecuadoreana

Bryophytes

There are 23 bryophyte species assessed as critically endangered.

Mosses

Liverworts

Pteridophytes

There are 67 species and three varieties of pteridophyte assessed as critically endangered.

Leptosporangiate ferns

There are 54 species and three varieties in the class Polypodiopsida assessed as critically endangered.

Polypodiales

There are 49 species and three varieties in the order Polypodiales assessed as critically endangered.

Aspleniaceae
  • Asplenium complanatum
  • Asplenium daghestanicum, Dagestanian spleenwort
  • Asplenium dielerectum, Asplenium-diellia
  • Asplenium dielfalcatum
  • Asplenium diellaciniatum
  • Asplenium dielmannii
  • Asplenium dielpallidum
  • Asplenium haughtonii, Barn fern
  • Asplenium schizotrichum
  • Asplenium unisorum
Dryopteridaceae

Species

  • Ctenitis pallatangana (possibly extinct)
  • Ctenitis squamigera, Pacific lacefern
  • Dryopteris cognata, Large kidney fern
  • Elaphoglossum actinolepis
  • Elaphoglossum angamarcanum
  • Elaphoglossum bonapartii
  • Elaphoglossum chodatii
  • Elaphoglossum christii
  • Elaphoglossum cladotrichium
  • Elaphoglossum corazonense
  • Elaphoglossum dimorphum, Toothed tongue-fern
  • Elaphoglossum gossypinum
  • Elaphoglossum gracilipes (possibly extinct)
  • Elaphoglossum jamesonii
  • Elaphoglossum longissimum
  • Elaphoglossum nervosum, Veined tongue-fern
  • Elaphoglossum pellucidum
  • Elaphoglossum polytrichum (possibly extinct)
  • Elaphoglossum pteropodum
  • Elaphoglossum sodiroi
  • Elaphoglossum sprucei
  • Elaphoglossum trichophorum
  • Lastreopsis subrecedens
  • Polystichum drepanum, Madeira shield-fern

Varieties

  • Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus
  • Dryopteris glabra var. flynnii
  • Dryopteris glabra var. pusilla
Other Polypodiales species

Hymenophyllales

Salviniales

Isoetopsida

  • Isoetes dispora
  • Isoetes heldreichii, Pindus quillwort (possibly extinct)
  • Isoetes hewitsonii
  • Isoetes malinverniana, Piedmont quillwort
  • Isoetes nigroreticulata
  • Isoetes olympica, Olympic quillwort
  • Isoetes sinensis (possibly extinct)
  • Isoetes stephansenii
  • Isoetes taiwanensis
  • Isoetes wormaldii

Other pteridophyte species

Gymnosperms

There are 81 species, five subspecies, and 13 varieties of gymnosperm assessed as critically endangered.

Cycads

Species

Subspecies

  • Cycas szechuanensis subsp. fairylakea
  • Cycas szechuanensis subsp. szechuanensis
  • Encephalartos tegulaneus subsp. powysii

Conifers

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

  • Amentotaxus argotaenia var. brevifolia
  • Cupressus arizonica var. montana, San Pedro cypress
  • Cupressus arizonica var. stephensonii, Cuyamaca cypress
  • Cupressus chengiana var. jiangeensis
  • Cupressus dupreziana var. atlantica, Atlas cypress
  • Cupressus dupreziana var. dupreziana
  • Cupressus goveniana var. abramsiana
  • Juniperus barbadensis var. barbadensis, Barbados cedar
  • Juniperus deppeana var. sperryi
  • Juniperus gracilior var. ekmanii
  • Picea asperata var. ponderosa
  • Pinus massoniana var. hainanensis
  • Podocarpus sellowii var. angustifolius

Dicotyledons

There are 1895 species, 78 subspecies, and 49 varieties of dicotyledon assessed as critically endangered.

Piperales

Piperaceae

Species

Varieties

Campanulales

There are 62 species and 12 subspecies in Campanulales assessed as critically endangered.

Campanulaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Clermontia oblongifolia subsp. brevipes, Oahu clermontia
  • Clermontia oblongifolia subsp. mauiensis
  • Clermontia peleana subsp. peleana
  • Clermontia peleana subsp. singuliflora
  • Clermontia samuelii subsp. hanaensis
  • Clermontia samuelii subsp. samuelii
  • Cyanea grimesiana subsp. grimesiana
  • Cyanea grimesiana subsp. obatae
  • Cyanea hamatiflora subsp. carlsonii
  • Cyanea hamatiflora subsp. hamatiflora
  • Cyanea lobata subsp. baldwinii
  • Cyanea lobata subsp. lobata

Goodeniaceae

Aristolochiales

Theales

There are 295 species and 23 subspecies in Theales assessed as critically endangered.

Dipterocarpaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Anisoptera thurifera subsp. thurifera
  • Dipterocarpus caudatus subsp. caudatus
  • Dipterocarpus conformis subsp. conformis
  • Hopea andersonii subsp. basalticola
  • Hopea jucunda subsp. jucunda
  • Hopea jucunda subsp. modesta
  • Shorea assamica subsp. assamica
  • Shorea assamica subsp. globifera
  • Shorea assamica subsp. koordersii
  • Shorea assamica subsp. philippinensis
  • Shorea falciferoides subsp. falciferoides
  • Shorea falciferoides subsp. glaucescens
  • Shorea hemsleyana subsp. grandiflora
  • Shorea hemsleyana subsp. hemsleyana
  • Shorea macroptera subsp. macroptera
  • Shorea macroptera subsp. sandakanensis
  • Shorea ovalis subsp. sarawakensis
  • Shorea ovalis subsp. sericea
  • Shorea singkawang subsp. scabrosa
  • Vatica javanica subsp. javanica
  • Vatica javanica subsp. scaphifolia
  • Vatica oblongifolia subsp. crassilobata
  • Vatica oblongifolia subsp. elliptifolia

Theaceae

Guttiferae

Other Theales species

Malvales

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Geraniales

Lecythidales

Species

Subspecies

Polygalales

Species

Subspecies

Santalales

Species

Varieties

Proteales

Species

Subspecies

Dipsacales

Plumbaginales

  • Armeria berlengensis
  • Armeria helodes
  • Limonium calabrum
  • Limonium dendroides
  • Limonium sibthorpianum
  • Limonium spectabile
  • Limonium sventenii

Rubiales

Species

Subspecies

  • Ixora scheffleri subsp. keniensis
  • Kadua cordata subsp. remyi
  • Kadua degeneri subsp. coprosmifolia
  • Kadua degeneri subsp. degeneri

Varieties

Violales

Species

Subspecies

Euphorbiales

There are 74 species, two subspecies, and ten varieties in Euphorbiales assessed as critically endangered.

Peraceae

Buxaceae

Euphorbiaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

  • Drypetes usambarica var. rugulosa
  • Euphorbia decaryi var. robinsonii
  • Euphorbia francoisii var. francoisii
  • Euphorbia greenwayi var. greenwayi
  • Euphorbia lophogona var. tenuicaulis
  • Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis
  • Euphorbia remyi var. remyi
  • Phyllanthus aeneus var. papillosus
  • Sebastiania lesteri var. glabrata
  • Sebastiania lesteri var. lesteri

Laurales

There are 40 species in the order Laurales assessed as critically endangered.

Monimiaceae

Hernandiaceae

Lauraceae

Cucurbitales

Species

Subspecies

Ebenales

There are 45 species in Ebenales assessed as critically endangered.

Symplocaceae

Sapotaceae

Ebenaceae

  • Diospyros angulata
  • Diospyros benstonei
  • Diospyros chrysophyllos
  • Diospyros egrettarum
  • Diospyros hemiteles
  • Diospyros katendei (possibly extinct)
  • Diospyros lolinopsis
  • Diospyros molissima
  • Diospyros moonii
  • Diospyros mun
  • Diospyros nodosa
  • Diospyros rheophytica
  • Diospyros vaccinioides, Small persimmon
  • Diospyros veillonii

Styracaceae

Celastrales

There are 29 species and two subspecies in the order Celastrales assessed as critically endangered.

Icacinaceae

Hollies

Species

Subspecies

Celastraceae

Dichapetalaceae

Myrtales

There are 97 species and five varieties in the order Myrtales assessed as critically endangered.

Myrtaceae

Species

Varieties

Melastomataceae

Combretaceae

Species

Varieties

  • Terminalia eriostachya var. margaretiae, Black mastic
  • Terminalia glabrata var. glabrata
  • Terminalia glabrata var. koariki

Thymelaeaceae

Water caltrops

Lythraceae

Onagraceae

Sapindales

There are 70 species, three subspecies, and five varieties in the order Sapindales assessed as critically endangered.

Rutaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Aceraceae

Species

Varieties

Sapindaceae

Species

Varieties

Zygophyllaceae

  • Tribulus rajasthanensis
  • Zygophyllum bucharicum
  • Zygophyllum darvasicum

Anacardiaceae

Meliaceae

Species

Subspecies

Burseraceae

Asterales

Species

Subspecies

  • Argyroxiphium sandwicense subsp. sandwicense, Mauna Kea silversword
  • Bidens campylotheca subsp. pentamera
  • Bidens campylotheca subsp. waihoiensis
  • Bidens micrantha subsp. ctenophylla
  • Dubautia plantaginea subsp. humilis
  • Dubautia plantaginea subsp. magnifolia
  • Fitchia cuneata subsp. cuneata
  • Melanthera micrantha subsp. exigua
  • Melanthera micrantha subsp. micrantha

Varieties

  • Bidens hendersonensis var. oenoensis
  • Pectis caymanensis var. robusta
  • Scalesia atractyloides var. atractyloides
  • Scalesia atractyloides var. darwinii
  • Tetramolopium rockii var. calcisabulorum

Magnoliales

There are 63 species and three subspecies in the order Magnoliales assessed as critically endangered.

Canellaceae

Magnoliaceae

Species

Subspecies

Annonaceae

Species

Subspecies

Myristicaceae

Capparales

There are 30 species and one variety in Capparales assessed as critically endangered.

Capparaceae

Cruciferae

Species

Varieties

Apiales

There are 51 species and two varieties in the order Apiales assessed as critically endangered.

Araliaceae

Species

Varieties

Umbelliferae

Gentianales

There are 41 species, two subspecies, and one variety in the order Gentianales assessed as critically endangered.

Apocynaceae

Loganiaceae

Species

Varieties

Asclepiadaceae

Species

Subspecies

Gentianaceae

Rosales

There are 48 species, two subspecies, and one variety in the order Rosales assessed as critically endangered.

Chrysobalanaceae

Rosaceae

Species

Subspecies

Other Rosales

Species

Varieties

Primulales

There are 28 species and one variety in Primulales assessed as critically endangered.

Myrsinaceae

Theophrastaceae

Species

Varieties

Primulaceae

Rhamnales

Species

Varieties

Urticales

Species

Varieties

Solanales

Species

Varieties

Scrophulariales

There are 75 species, two subspecies, and one variety in the order Scrophulariales assessed as critically endangered.

Oleaceae

Gesneriaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Bignoniaceae

Acanthaceae

Scrophulariaceae

  • Agalinis kingsii
  • Antirrhinum charidemi
  • Isoplexis chalcantha
  • Odontites granatensis
  • Paulownia kawakamii
  • Scrophularia capillaris, Capillary figwort
  • Verbascum decursivum, Decurrent mullein
  • Verbascum transcaucasicum, Transcaucasian speedwell
  • Veronica allahuekberensis, Allahuekberian speedwell
  • Veronica oetaea

Other Scrophulariales species

Lamiales

There are 64 species and three varieties in the order Lamiales assessed as critically endangered.

Verbenaceae

Labiatae

Species

Varieties

  • Phyllostegia parviflora var. glabriuscula
  • Phyllostegia parviflora var. lydgatei
  • Phyllostegia parviflora var. parviflora

Boraginaceae

Nepenthales

Species

Subspecies

Ranunculales

Species

Varieties

Polygonales

  • Calligonum calcareum
  • Calligonum triste
  • Coccoloba cholutecensis
  • Coccoloba lindaviana
  • Coccoloba retirensis
  • Polygonum caspicum, Caspian knotweed
  • Polygonum toktogulicum
  • Rumex tunetanus

Podostemales

  • Apinagia peruviana
  • Devillea flagelliformis (possibly extinct)
  • Dicraeanthus zehnderi
  • Ledermanniella batangensis
  • Ledermanniella keayi
  • Ledermanniella sanagaensis
  • Saxicolella marginalis
  • Terniopsis ubonensis
  • Winklerella dichotoma
  • Zehnderia microgyna

Fabales

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Caryophyllales

There are 145 species, two subspecies, and one variety in the order Caryophyllales assessed as critically endangered.

Caryophyllaceae

Species

Subspecies

Cactus

Species

Subspecies

Other Caryophyllales

Species

Varieties

Fagales

Species

Subspecies

Other dicotyledons

Species

Varieties

Monocotyledons

There are 421 species, six subspecies, and five varieties of monocotyledon assessed as critically endangered.

Arecales

Species

Varieties

  • Dictyosperma album var. album
  • Dictyosperma album var. conjugatum, Hurricane palm
  • Roystonea regia var. hondurensis

Orchidales

There are 167 species and one subspecies in Orchidales assessed as critically endangered.

Orchidaceae

Species

Subspecies

Burmanniaceae

Pandanales

Bromeliales

Liliales

Species

Subspecies

Arales

Araceae

Species

Subspecies

Zingiberales

Eriocaulales

Commelinales

  • Commelina mwatayamvoana
  • Xyris andina
  • Xyris diaphanobracteata
  • Xyris exigua
  • Xyris ramboi

Cyperales

There are 37 species, two subspecies, and two varieties in Cyperales assessed as critically endangered.

Gramineae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Cyperaceae

Species

Varieties

Other monocotyledons

Species

Subspecies

See also

References

  1. "IUCN Red List version 2016-2". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  2. "Table 9: Possibly Extinct and Possibly Extinct in the Wild Species (IUCN Red List version 2016-2)". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  3. "Limitations of the Data". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  4. "2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1)". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 11 January 2016.
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