List of countries by research and development spending

This is a list of countries by research and development (R&D) spending in real terms and as per latest data available.

List

Only those nations which annually spend more than 100 million dollars have been included. The world's total nominal R&D spending was approximately one trillion dollars in 2010.^[1]

Rank	Country/Region	Expenditures on R&D (billions of US$, PPP),	% of GDP PPP	Expenditures on R&D per capita (US$ PPP),	Year	Source
1	United States	473.4	2.742%	1,442.51	2013	[2]
2	China	409	2.1%	298.56	2015	[3]
—	European Union	388.3	2.03%	764.3	2014	[4]
3	Japan	179.8	3.584%	1,413.9	2014	[4]
4	Germany	109.4	2.869%	1,351.1	2014	[4]
5	South Korea	91.6	4.292%	1,518.47	2014	[2]
6	India	66.5	0.85%	39.37	2015	[5]
7	France	60.0	2.256%	905.8	2014	[4]
8	United Kingdom	44.8	1.701%	692.9	2014	[4]
9	Russia	42.6	1.187%	290.21	2014	[2]
10	Canada	25.7	1.612%	723.5	2014	[4]
11	Brazil	35.4	1.15%	177.89	2012	[6]
12	Italy	27.4	1.287%	452.14	2014	[2]
13	Taiwan	32.4	3.006%	1,383.84	2014	[2]
14	Spain	19.2	1.222%	413.46	2014	[2]
15	Australia	23.3	2.12%	986.86	2014	[7]
16	Sweden	14.2	3.161%	1,468.1	2014	[4]
17	Netherlands	16.3	1.973%	967.8	2014	[4]
18	Israel	12.7	4.3%	1,361.56	2015	[2]
19	Austria	11.9	3.1%	1,416.14	2015	[2]
20	Switzerland	13.1	2.967%	1,647.90	2012	[2]
21	Turkey	15.3	1.007%	198.36	2014	[2]
22	Belgium	12.4	2.465%	1,102.9	2014	[4]
23	Mexico	9.0	0.941%	237.57	2014	[2]
24	Poland	11.6	1.004%	301.06	2014	[2]
25	Singapore	10.0	2.186%	1,831.7	2014	[4]
26	Finland	7.2	3.174%	1,318.0	2014	[4]
27	Denmark	8.2	3.085%	1,450.2	2014	[4]
28	Norway	5.8	1.710%	1,123.9	2014	[4]
29	Czech Republic	6.3	1.997%	600.04	2014	[2]
30	South Africa	4.8	0.732%	92.25	2012	[2]
31	Portugal	3.6	1.285%	347.84	2014	[2]
32	Ukraine	3	0.76%	73.7	2013	[6]
33	Pakistan	2.4	0.29%	13.29	2013	[6]
34	Argentina	5.4	0.585%	129.09	2013	[2]
35	Ireland	3.6	1.519%	779.4	2014	[4]
36	Malaysia	7.6	1.13%	256.92	2012	[6]
37	Saudi Arabia	1.8	0.25%	60.01	2012	[8][9]
38	Greece	2.4	0.835%	216.72	2014	[2]
39	Hungary	3.4	1.371%	343.01	2014	[2]
40	Thailand	3.6	0.39%	52.67	2011	[6]
41	New Zealand	1.8	1.172%	400.99	2013	[2]
42	Romania	1.5	0.383%	75.62	2014	[2]
43	Chile	1.56	0.379%	87.39	2014	[2]
44	Belarus	1.12	0.67%	118.44	2013	[6]
45	Egypt	6.2	0.68%	73.18	2013	[6]
46	Slovenia	1.5	2.386%	712.63	2014	[2]
47	Morocco	1.5	0.73%	47.59	2010	[6]
48	Indonesia	2.0	0.08%	8.09	2013	[6]
49	Croatia	0.7	0.81%	166.75	2013	[10]
50	Iran	0.7	0.12%	9.08	2014	[11]
51	Luxembourg	0.7	1.256%	1,252.7	2014	[4]
52	Tunisia	0.78	0.68%	72.83	2012	[6]
53	Colombia	1.5	0.23%	31	2014	[6]
54	Vietnam	0.87	0.21%	9.91	2011	[12]
55	Slovakia	1.4	0.886%	250.55	2014	[2]
56	Lithuania	0.76	0.95%	245.36	2013	[10]
57	Bulgaria	0.81	0.65%	112.15	2013	[10]
58	Kazakhstan	0.67	0.17%	39.24	2013	[6]
59	Estonia	0.53	1.5%	399.24	2015	[2]
60	Iceland	0.27	1.891%	831.2	2014	[4]
61	Philippines	0.48	0.11%	5.4	2007	[6]
62	Uruguay	0.15	0.23%	43.40	2012	[6]
63	Serbia	0.7	0.73%	97.86	2013	[10]
64	Peru	0.24	0.1%	7.88	2007	[13]
65	Latvia	0.28	0.6%	136.8	2013	[10]
66	Sudan	0.18	0.23%	4.74	2007	[13]
67	Algeria	0.16	0.07%	4.13	2007	[13]
68	Costa Rica	0.28	0.47%	61.55	2011	[6]
69	Uganda	0.28	0.48%	8.27	2010	[6]
70	Azerbaijan	0.33	0.21%	35.98	2013	[6]
71	Botswana	0.07	0.25%	37.01	2012	[6]
72	Ethiopia	0.79	0.61%	9.08	2013	[6]
73	Cyprus	0.13	0.48%	150.82	2013	[10]
74	Malta	0.11	0.85%	270.78	2013	[10]
75	Montenegro	0.03	0.38%	55.75	2013	[10]
76	United Arab Emirates	4.28	0.70%	470.7	2014	[4]
77	Qatar	1.3	0.47%	698.50	2012	[6]
78	Georgia	0.05	0.16%	14.73	2014	[6]
79	Macedonia	0.12	0.44%	55.99	2013	[6]
80	Moldova	0.06	0.35%	16.44	2013	[6]
81	Bosnia and Herzegovina	0.12	0.33%	31.73	2013	[6]
82	Kuwait	0.83	0.30%	214.16	2013	[6]
83	Oman	0.07	0.23%	25.40	2013	[6]
84	Mongolia	0.26	0.17%	73.66	2013	[6]
85	Bahrain	0.06	0.100%	45.2	2014	[4]
86	Macau	0.07	0.09%	122.2	2014	[4]
87	Hong Kong	2.7	0.73%	373.09	2012	[6]

See also

• Science of science policy
• Science policy

References