List of carboxylic acids

Carboxylic acids are organic compounds characterized by a carboxyl (-COOH) functional group. The naming of these compounds is governed by IUPAC nomenclature, which ensures systemic and consistent naming of chemicals. Numerous organic compounds have other common names, often originating in historical use of these. It is worth noting that the IUPAC name is not always the preferred name, for example, lactic acid is a common, and also the preferred, name for what systemic rules call 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid.

This list is ordered by the number of carbon atoms in a carboxylic acid.

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural formula
methanoic acidformic acidHCOOH
IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural formula
ethanoic acidacetic acidCH
3COOH
ethanedioic acidoxalic acidHOOCCOOH
oxoethanoic acidglyoxylic acid
formylformic acid		OHCCOOH
2-hydroxyethanoic acidglycolic acid
dicarbonous acid
hydroxyacetic acid		HOCH2COOH

.....

propane

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural formula
propanoic acidpropionic acid
ethanecarboxylic acid		CH
3CH
2COOH
prop-2-enoic acidacrylic acid
acroleic acid
ethylenecarboxylic acid
propene acid
vinylformic acid		CH2=CHCOOH
2-propynoic acidpropiolic acid
acetylene carboxylic acid
propargylic acid		CH≡CCOOH
propanedioic acidmalonic acid
methanedicarboxylic acid		HOOCCH2COOH
2-hydroxypropanedioic acidtartronic acid
hydroxymalonic acid		HOOCCHOHCOOH
oxopropanedioic acidmesoxalic acid
ketomalonic acid		HOOCCOCOOH
2,2-dihydroxypropanedioic aciddihydroxymalonic acid
Mesoxalic acid monohydrate		HOOCC(OH)2COOH
2-oxopropanoic acidpyruvic acid
α-ketopropionic acid
acetylformic acid
pyroracemic acid		CH3COCOOH
2-hydroxypropanoic acidlactic acid
milk acid		CH3CHOHCOOH
3-hydroxypropanoic acidhydracrylic acidCH2OHCH2COOH
2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acidglyceric acidCH2OHCHOHCOOH
2-oxiranecarboxylic acidglycidic acidepoxide

butane

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural formula
butanoic acidbutyric acid
propanecarboxylic acid		CH3(CH2)2COOH
2-methylpropanoic acidisobutyric acid
isobutanoic acid		(CH3)2CHCOOH
butanedioic acidsuccinic acidHOOC(CH2)2COOH
3-oxobutanoic acidacetoacetic acidCH3COCH2COOH
(E)-butenedioic acidfumaric acid
trans-1,2-ethylenedicarboxylic acid
2-butenedioic acid
trans-butenedioic acid
allomaleic acid
boletic acid
donitic acid
lichenic acid		HOOCCH=CHCOOH
(Z)-butenedioic acidmaleic acid
cis-butenedioic acid
maleinic acid
toxilic acid		HOOCCH=CHCOOH
oxobutanedioic acidoxaloacetic acid
oxalacetic acid
oxosuccinic acid		HOOCCH2COCOOH
hydroxybutanedioic acidmalic acid
hydroxybutanedioic acid		HOOCCH2CHOHCOOH
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acidtartaric acid
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid
threaric acid
racemic acid
uvic acid
paratartaric acid		HOOC(CHOH)2COOH
(E)-but-2-enoic acidcrotonic acid
trans-2-butenoic acid
beta-methylacrylic acid
3-methylacrylic acid
(E)-2-butenoic acid		CH3CH=CHCOOH

pentane

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural formula
pentanoic acidvaleric acid
valerianic acid
butane-1-carboxylic acid		CH3(CH2)3COOH
3-Methylbutanoic acidIso-valeric acid(CH3)2CHCH2CO2H
pentanedioic acidglutaric acid
propane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
1,3-propanedicarboxylic acid
n-pyrotartaric acid		HOOC(CH2)3COOH
2-oxopentanedioic acidalpha-Ketoglutaric acid
2-ketoglutaric acid
α-ketoglutaric acid
2-oxoglutaric acid
oxoglutaric acid		HOOC(CH2)2COCOOH

hexane

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural formula
hexanoic acidcaproic acid
n-caproic acid		CH3(CH2)4COOH
hexanedioic acidadipic acid
hexane-1,6-dioic acid		HOOC(CH2)4COOH
2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acidcitric acid
3-carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioic acid
2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid		HOC(COOH)((CH2)COOH)2
prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acidaconitic acid
achilleic acid
equisetic acid
citridinic acid
pyrocitric acid		HOOCCH=C(COOH)CH2COOH
1-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acidisocitric acidHOOCCHOHCH(COOH)CH2COOH
(2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acidsorbic acidCH3(CH=CH)2COOH

heptane

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural Formula
heptanoic acidenanthic acid
oenanthic acid
n-Heptylic acid
n-Heptoic acid		CH3(CH2)5COOH
heptanedioic acidpimelic acidHOOC(CH2)5COOH
cyclohexanecarboxylic acid C
6H
11COOH
benzenecarboxylic acidbenzoic acid
carboxybenzene
dracylic acid		C
6H
5COOH
2-hydroxybenzoic acidsalicylic acidHOC
6H
4COOH

octane

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural Formula
octanoic acidcaprylic acidCH3(CH2)6COOH
benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acidPhthalic acidC6H4(COOH)2

nonane

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural Formula
nonanoic acidpelargonic acid
1-octanecarboxylic acid		CH3(CH2)7COOH
benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acidtrimesic acidC
6H
3(COOH)
3
(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoic acidcinnamic acid
trans-cinnamic acid
phenylacrylic acid
cinnamylic acid
3-phenylacrylic acid
(E)-cinnamic acid
benzenepropenoic acid
isocinnamic acid		C
6H
5CH=CHCOOH

decane

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural Formula
decanoic acidcapric acid
CH3(CH2)8COOH
decanedioic acidsebacic acid
1,8-octanedicarboxylic acid		HOOC(CH2)8COOH

C11

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural Formula
undecanoic acidhendecanoic acidCH3(CH2)9COOH

C12

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural Formula
dodecanoic acidlauric acid
dodecylic acid
dodecoic acid
laurostearic acid
fulvic acid
1-undecanecarboxylic acid
duodecylic acid		CH3(CH2)10COOH
benzene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexacarboxylic acidmellitic acid
graphitic acid
benzenehexacarboxylic acid		C
6(COOH)
6

C13

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural Formula
tridecanoic acidtridecylic acidCH3(CH2)11COOH

C14

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural Formula
tetradecanoic acidmyristic acidCH3(CH2)12COOH

C15

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural Formula
pentadecanoic acidpentadecylic acidCH3(CH2)13COOH

C16

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural Formula
hexadecanoic acidpalmitic acidCH3(CH2)14COOH

C17

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural Formula
heptadecanoic acidmargaric acid
heptadecylic acid		CH3(CH2)15COOH

C18

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural Formula
octadecanoic acidstearic acidCH3(CH2)16COOH
(9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acidoleic acid
(9Z)-octadecenoic acid
(Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid
cis-9-octadecenoic acid
cis-Δ9-octadecenoic acid
CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acidlinoleic acidCH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acidALA
α-linolenic acid
cis, cis,cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid
(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid		CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
(6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadeca-6,9,12-trienoic acidGLA
γ-linolenic acid
gamolenic acid		CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)4COOH
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acidSDA
stearidonic acid
moroctic acid		CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)5COOH

C19

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural Formula
nonadecanoic acidnonadecylic acidCH3(CH2)17COOH

C20

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural Formula
eicosanoic acidarachidic acid
eicosanoic acid
arachic acid		CH3(CH2)18COOH
(5Z,8Z,11Z)-eicosa-5,8,11-trienoic acidMead's acidCH3(CH2)7CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)3COOH
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acidAA
ARA
arachidonic acid		CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)3COOH

C21

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural Formula
heneicosanoic acidCH3(CH2)19COOH

C22

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural Formula
docosanoic acidbehenic acidCH3(CH2)20COOH
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acidDHA
cervonic acid		CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)2COOH

C23

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural formula
tricosanoic acidtricosylic acidCH3(CH2)21COOH

C24

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural formula
tetracosanoic acidlignoceric acidCH3(CH2)22COOH

C25

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural formula
pentacosanoic acidpentacosylic acidCH3(CH2)23COOH

C26

IUPAC nameCommon nameStructural formula
hexacosanoic acidcerotic acidCH3(CH2)24COOH
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