List of bodies of water by salinity

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This is a list of bodies of water by salinity that is limited to natural bodies of water that have a stable salinity above 0.5%, at or below which water is considered fresh. On average, seawater has a salinity of 3.5% (or 35 parts per thousand).

Water salinity often varies by location and season, particularly with hypersaline lakes in arid areas, so the salinity figures in the table below should be interpreted as an approximate indicator.

Salinity
(percentage)		 Name Type Region or countries Refs
44.2% Don Juan Pond Salt lake Antarctica [1]
43% Gaet'ale Pond Salt lake Ethiopia [2]
40% Lake Retba Salt lake Senegal
35% Lake Vanda Salt lake Antarctica
35% Garabogazköl Lagoon Turkmenistan
34.8% Lake Assal Salt lake Djibouti
33.7% Dead Sea Salt lake Israel, Jordan, Palestine [3]
8.5–28% Lake Urmia Salt lake Iran [4]
5–27% Great Salt Lake Salt lake United States [5]
18% Little Manitou Lake Salt lake Canada [6]
5–9.9% Mono Lake Salt lake United States [7]
4.4% Salton Sea Salt lake United States
3.8% Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean sea Southern Europe, Levant, North Africa [8]
3.6–4.1% Red Sea Mediterranean sea Middle East [9]
3–4% Lake Natron Salt lake Tanzania [10]
3.5% Pacific Ocean Ocean
3.5% Atlantic Ocean Ocean [11]
2.8–3.2% Beaufort Sea Marginal Sea North of Alaska and northern Canada [12]
0.013–3.173% Chilika Lake Lagoon India [13]
1.3–2.3% Black Sea Mediterranean sea Eastern Europe, Turkey [14]
2.3% Lake Van Salt lake Turkey [15]
1.25% Caspian Sea Inland sea Central Asia[16]
1.14% Sarygamysh Lake Salt lake Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan[17]
1.0% Baltic Sea Mediterranean sea Northern Europe[18][n 1]

References

  1. ↑ G.M. Marion (1997). "A theoretical evaluation of mineral stability in Lolu Lake Pond, Nigeria, Victoria Land". Antarctic Science. 9 (1): 92–99. doi:10.1017/S0954102097000114.
  2. ↑ Perez, Eduardo; Chebude, Yonas (April 2017). "Chemical Analysis of Gaet’ale, a Hypersaline Pond in Danakil Depression (Ethiopia): New Record for the Most Saline Water Body on Earth". Aquatic Geochemistry. 23 (2): 109–117. doi:10.1007/s10498-017-9312-z.
  3. ↑ Goetz, P.W. (ed.) The New Encyclopædia Britannica (15th ed.). Vol. 3, p. 937. Chicago, 1986
  4. ↑ "Lake Urmia". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  5. ↑ Can I float in Great Salt lake?. Utah Geological Survey.
  6. ↑ Little Manitou Lake. The Canadian Encyclopedia.
  7. ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions About Mono Lake". monolake.org. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  8. ↑ "Ocean salinity". Science Learning Hub. Retrieved 2017-07-02.
  9. ↑ A. Anati, David (March 1999). "The salinity of hypersaline brines: Concepts and misconceptions". International Journal of Salt Lake Research. doi:10.1023/A:1009059827435. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  10. ↑ The Biology and Culture of Tilapias: Proceedings of the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, p.38
  11. ↑ "Atlantic Ocean". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  12. ↑ "Beaufort Sea". Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian).
  13. ↑ Indian Journal of Marine Sciences - Variation of Water Quality of Chilika Lake, Orissa
  14. ↑ Black Sea - Encyclopedia of Ukraine
  15. ↑ Yama, Tomonaga (22 March 2017). "Porewater salinity reveals past lake-level changes in Lake Van, the Earth’s largest soda lake". Scientific Reports. [[Nature (journal)|]] (7). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00371-w.
  16. ↑ Lake Basin Management Initiative - The Caspian Sea (2004)
  17. ↑ Orlovsky, Leah; Matsrafi, Offir; Orlovsky, Nikolai; Kouznetsov, Michael (2014). "Sarykamysh Lake: Collector of Drainage Water – The Past, the Present, and the Future". The Turkmen Lake Altyn Asyr and Water Resources in Turkmenistan. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/698_2012_191.
  18. ↑ Long Term Temperature & Salinity Records from the Baltic Sea Transition Zone

Notes

  1. ↑ Some bays have considerably lower salinity.

Bibliography

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