List of battles and other violent events by death toll

This page lists mortalities from battles and individual military operations or acts of violence, sorted by death toll. For wars and events more extensive in scope, see List of wars and disasters by death toll. For natural disasters, see List of natural disasters by death toll.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Battles and sieges

Many of the entries in this section are currently for total casualties rather than deaths. Until this notice is removed, check the individual links to confirm what the figure represents.

Bombing campaigns

Dresden after being bombed

World War II

Post-World War II

Individual air raids

World War II

Wartime ship disasters

Prior to World War I

Estimate of death toll Name Nat. Ship Type Principal casualties Where sunk Date
1300–1900 Sultana US Transport Steamboat Union POWs formerly held
by the Confederate Army 		Mississippi River
near Memphis 		April 27, 1865[5]
900 HMS Victory GB 1st-rate Crew English Channel[6] Oct 3, 1744
882–949 Soleil Royal France 1st-rate Crew English Channel June 3, 1692
838 HMS St George UK 1st-rate Crew North Sea Dec 24, 1811
800+ Kronan SE 1st-rate Crew Baltic Sea Jun 1, 1676
800+ HMS Royal George GB 1st-rate Crew Spithead Aug 29, 1782
800 HMS Association GB 2nd-rate Crew Isles of Scilly Oct 22, 1707
699 HMS Ramilles GB 3rd-rate Crew Bolt Head Feb 15, 1760
673 HMS Queen Charlotte GB 1st-rate Crew Livorno Mar 17, 1800
566 General Lyon US Transport Discharged Union soldiers, Confederate POWs Cape Hatteras Mar 31, 1865
600 HMS Hero UK 3rd-rate Crew Wadden Sea Dec 28, 1811
555 HMS Defence UK 3rd-rate Crew North Sea Dec 24, 1811
380 Mary Rose Eng Carrack Soldiers, crew The Solent Jul 19, 1545
372 Arniston Eng East Indiaman Soldiers, crew & their family Cape Agulhas May 30, 1815

World War I

The loss of two British cruisers to a German naval squadron at the Battle of Coronel on 1 November 1914 was followed by the Battle of the Falkland Islands on 8 December where most of the German force was destroyed. The Battle of Jutland on 31 May 1916 was the largest naval battle during World War I and resulted in the loss of three British battlecruisers and three armoured cruisers.

Estimate of death toll Name Nat. Ship Type Principal casualties Where sunk Date
1,450 HMS Aboukir, Hogue and Cressy  UK Armoured cruisers Crew North Sea near Netherlands Sept 22, 1914
1,255 HMS Queen Mary  UK Battlecruiser Crew North Sea May 31, 1916
1,198 RMS Lusitania  UK Ocean Liner Civilians Celtic Sea May 7, 1915
1,015 HMS Invincible  UK Battlecruiser Crew North Sea May 31, 1916
1,013 HMS Indefatigable  UK Battlecruiser Crew North sea May 31, 1916
903 HMS Defence  UK Armoured cruiser Crew North Sea May 31, 1916
919[7] HMS Good Hope  UK Armoured Cruiser Crew off Coronel, Chile Nov 1, 1914
857 HMS Black Prince  UK Armoured cruiser Crew North Sea May 31, 1916
843 HMS Vanguard  UK Battleship Crew Scapa Flow, Scotland Jul 19, 1917
839 SMS Pommern  German Empire Pre-dreadnought battleship Crew North Sea Jun 1, 1916
782 SMS Blücher  German Empire Armoured Cruiser Crew Dogger Bank Jan 24, 1915
860[8] SMS Scharnhorst  German Empire Armoured cruiser Crew Falkland Islands Dec 8, 1914
737 HMS Hampshire  UK Armoured Cruiser Crew including Secretary of State for War Lord Kitchener Orkney May 28, 1916
735[7] HMS Monmouth  UK Armoured cruiser Crew off Coronel, Chile Nov 1, 1914
738 HMS Bulwark  UK Battleship Crew Sheerness Nov 26, 1914
857 HMS Black Prince  UK Armoured cruiser Crew North Sea May 31, 1916
684 Léon Gambetta Fr Armoured cruiser Crew Cephalonia April 29, 1915
646 SS Mendi  UK Troopship Troops English Channel Feb 21, 1917
650 Bouvet Fr Pre-dreadnought battleship Crew Dardanelles Mar 18, 1915
501 RMS Leinster  UK Mail Ship Military personnel Irish Sea Oct 10, 1918
598[8] SMS Gneisenau  German Empire Armoured Cruiser Crew Falkland Islands Dec 8, 1914
570 HMS Goliath  UK Battleship Crew Dardanelles May 13, 1915
524 HMS Hawke  UK Cruiser Crew North Sea Oct 15, 1914

World War II

Estimate of death toll Name Nat. Ship type Principal casualties Where sunk Date
9,000[9]Wilhelm Gustloff GermanyCruise shipGerman refugees from PolandBaltic SeaJan 30, 1945
6,000–6,700[10]Goya GermanyTroopshipWounded, refugeesBaltic SeaApr 16, 1945
5,000–7,000[11]Armenia USSR Hospital shipWounded, refugeesBlack SeaNov 7, 1941
5,000–7,000[12]Cap Arcona GermanyPrison shipConcentration camp prisonersBaltic SeaMay 3, 1945
5,620[13]Junyō Maru JapanHell shipJapanese labourers and Allied POW'sIndian OceanSep 18, 1944
5,400[14]Toyama Maru JapanTroopshipTroopsSea of JapanJun 29, 1944
4,998[15]Ryusei Maru JapanTroopshipTroopsBali SeaFeb 25, 1944
4,755[16] Tamatsu Maru JapanTroopshipTroopsOff LuzonAug 19, 1944
3,900[17]-5,000[18]Totila GermanyCargo shipTroopsCrimean PeninsulaMay 10, 1944
4,074[19] Oria  Germany Troopship Italian POWs Cape Sounion Feb 12, 1944
3,850[20] Orion  Germany Auxiliary cruiser Refugees Baltic Sea May 4, 1945
3,000–5,800[21]
 HMT Lancastria  UK Troopship Troops, refugees Bay of Biscay Jun 17, 1940
2,000–4,000 Teja  Germany Cargo ship Troops Crimean Peninsula May 10, 1944
2,000–5,400[22] Ural Maru  Japan Troopship Wounded, troops South China Sea Sep 27, 1944
3,536[23] Mayasan Maru  Japan Troopship Troops East China Sea Aug 17, 1944
3,000–4,000[24] General von Steuben  Germany Passenger ship Wounded, refugees Baltic Sea Feb 10, 1945
3,219[25] Nikkin Maru  Japan Troopship Troops Yellow Sea Jun 30, 1944
3,055[26][27]-3063[28] Yamato  Japan Battleship Crew Sea of Japan Apr 7, 1945
3,000[29] Tango Maru  Japan Hell ship Javanese labourers and Allied POW's Bali Sea Feb 25, 1944
2,765.[30] Lima Maru  Japan Troopship Troops southeast of the Gotō Islands Feb 8, 1944
2,750[31] Thielbek  Germany Prison ship Concentration camp prisoners Baltic Sea May 3, 1945
2,750[32] Lenin  USSR Passenger ship Passengers, troops Black Sea Jul 27, 1941
2,700 Moero  Germany Hospital ship Soldiers and civilians from Estonia Baltic Sea Sep 22, 1944
2,670[33] Petrella  Germany Cargo liner Italian POW's Suda Bay, Crete Feb 8, 1944
2,665[34] Teia Maru  Japan Troopship Troops Off Luzon Aug 18, 1944
2,586[17] Yoshida Maru No. 1  Japan Troopship Troops Off Luzon Apr 26, 1944
2,571[35] Rigel  Norway Cargo ship Troops, Soviet POW's Off Norway Nov 27, 1944
2,475[17] Sakito Maru  Japan Troopship Troops 625 miles east of Taiwan Mar 1, 1944
2,300[36] Akitsu Maru  Japan Escort aircraft carrier Troops Manila Bay Nov 15, 1944
2,134[37] Hawaii Maru  Japan Troopship Troops East China Sea Dec 2, 1944
2;114[38] Edogawa Maru  Japan Troopship Troops Yellow sea[39] Nov 18, 1944
2,100+[40] Bismarck  Germany Battleship Crew Atlantic Ocean May 27, 1941
2,098[41] Sinfra  Germany Cargo ship Italian POWs Suda Bay, Crete Oct 20, 1943
2,035[42] Kamakura Maru  Japan Troopship Soldiers and civilians Philippines Sea Apr 28, 1943
2,003[43] Awa Maru  Japan Hospital ship[44] Civilians Taiwan Straits Apr 1, 1945
2,000[45] Dainichi Maru  Japan Hell ship, Troopship Troops Philippines Sea Oct 8, 1943
2,000[46] Salzburg  Germany Cargo liner Russian POW's Black Sea Oct 1, 1942
2,000 Iosif Stalin  USSR Passenger ship Troops, crew Baltic Sea Dec 3, 1941
1,932[47] Scharnhorst  Germany Battleship Crew Arctic Ocean Dec 26, 1943
1,796[48] Gaetano Donizetti  Italy Cargo ship Italian POW's Aegean Sea Sep 23, 1943
1,777[49] Arisan Maru  Japan Hell ship US POW's China Sea Oct 24, 1944
1,747[50] Arabia Maru  Japan Troopship Troops South China Sea Oct 18, 1944
1,700[51] Takahito Maru  Japan Hospital ship Wounded, civilians Taiwan Strait Mar 19, 1943
1,658[52] RMS Laconia  UK Armed merchant cruiser Italian POW's, civilians South Atlantic Sep 12, 1942
660[53]-1,650[54] Taihō  Japan Aircraft carrier Crew Philippine Sea Mar 7, 1944
1,636[55] Yamashiro  Japan Battleship Crew Surigao Strait Oct 25, 1944
1,540[56] Koshu Maru  Japan Hell shipPassengers, Allied POW'sIndonesia Aug 4, 1944
1,529[57] Tsushima Maru  Japan Passenger ship Schoolchildren, civilians Sea of Japan Aug 22, 1944
1,470[58] Chiyoda  Japan Light aircraft carrier Crew Philippines Sea Oct 25, 1944
1,450[59] Maebashi Maru  Japan Troopship Troops Pacific Ocean Sep 30, 1943
1,435[60] Shinano  Japan Aircraft carrier Crew Pacific Ocean Nov 29, 1944
1,430[61] Jinyo Maru  Japan Cargo ship Troops South China Sea Dec 7, 1944
1,428[62] Shiranesan Maru (I) JapanTroopship Troops South China Sea Oct 18, 1944
1,415[63] HMS Hood  UK Battlecruiser Crew Denmark Strait May 24, 1941
1,400[64] Fusō  Japan Battleship Crew Surigao Strait Oct 25, 1944
1,400[65] Chikuma  Japan Heavy cruiserCrew Philippine Sea Oct 25, 1944
1,400[66] Tatsuta Maru  Japan Troopship Troops Sea of Japan Feb 9, 1943
1,384[67] Fuso Maru  Japan Troopship Troops South China Sea Jul 31, 1944
1,300[68] Mario Roselli  Italy Cargo ship Italian POW's Corfu Bay Oct 10, 1943
1,291[69] Conte Rosso  Italy Troopship Troops Mediterranean Sea May 24, 1941
1.288[70] Yasukuni Maru  Japan TroopshipTechnical personnel Philippines Sea Jan 31, 1944
1,279[71] Khedive Ismail  Egypt Troopship Troops Indian Ocean Feb 12, 1944
1,263[72] Shōkaku  Japan Aircraft carrier Crew Philippine Sea Jun 19, 1944
1,253[73] Roma  Italy BattleshipCrew Mediterranean Sep 8, 1943
1,250[74] Kongō  Japan Battleship Crew Formosa Strait Nov 21, 1944
1,243[75] Chuyo  Japan Aircraft carrier Crew Izu Islands Dec 4, 1943
1,240[76] Unryū  Japan Escort aircraft carrier Crew East China Sea Dec 19, 1944
1,207[77] HMS Glorious  UK Aircraft carrier Crew Norwegian Sea Jun 8, 1940
1,177 USS Arizona (BB-39)  US Battleship Crew Pearl Harbor Dec 7, 1941
1,159[78] Rakuyo Maru  Japan Hell ship British and Australian POW's South China Sea Sep 12, 1944
1,138[79] Rohna  UK Troopship US troops, crew Mediterranean Nov 26, 1943
1,124[80] Montevideo Maru  Japan Hell ship Australian POW's, civilians Philippine Sea? Jul 1, 1942
1,121[81] Mutsu  JapanBattleship Crew, flying cadets Hashirajima (Japan) Jun 8, 1943
1,118[82] Hakozaki Maru  Japan Troopship Troops Yellow Sea Mar 19, 1945
1,023[83] Musashi  Japan Battleship Crew Leyte Gulf Oct 24, 1944
1,000[84] Eiwa Maru  Japan Tanker shipTroopsSouth China Sea Nov 13, 1944
991[85] Galilea  Italy TroopshipItalian alpine troops, Italian carabinieri, Greek POW'sMediterranean Sea Mar 28, 1942
956–1,025[86] Neuwerk  Germany Cargo ship Refugees, railway workers, doctors Baltic Sea Apr 10, 1945
977[87] Bretagne  France Battleship Crew Mers El Kébir Jul 3, 1940
850–1,100[88] Shuntien  UK Defensively Equipped Merchant Ship Italian and German POW's, British soldiers, crew Mediterranean Sea Dec 23, 1941
970[89] Karlsruhe  Germany Cargo ship Passengers, crew Baltic sea Apr 13, 1945
956[90] Taihei Maru  JapanTroopship Troops Sea of Okhotsk Jul 9, 1944
954[91] Palatia  Germany Passenger ship Crew, Soviet POWs Off Lindesnes Oct 21, 1942
946[92] Exercise Tiger  UK Military exercise US troops South Devon Apr 28, 1944
945[93] Aikoku Maru  Japan Armed merchant cruiser Troops Pacific Ocean Feb 17, 1944
918[94]Corregidor  PhilippinesOcean linerPassengers, crewSouth China Sea Dec 12, 1941
920 Blücher  Germany Heavy cruiser Troops, crew Oslofjord Apr 9, 1940
903[95] Chitose Japan Light aircraft carrierCrew Philippines SeaOct 25, 1944
800[96]-901[97] Unyō JapanEscort aircraft carrierCrew South China Sea Sep 17, 1944
900[98] Haguro  JapanHeavy cruiser Crew Strait of MalaccaMay 16, 1945
895[99] Tirpitz  Germany Battleship Crew Tromsø Nov 12, 1944
883[100] USS Indianapolis  US Heavy cruiser Crew Philippine Sea Jul 30, 1945
881[101] Nachi  Japan Heavy cruiserCrew Manila Bay Nov 5, 1944
862[102] HMS Barham  UK Battleship Crew Mediterranean Sea Nov 25, 1941
858[103] RMS Nova Scotia  UK Troopship Passengers, British military and naval personnel, South African guards, Italian civil internees Indian Ocean Nov 28, 1942
846[104] Lisbon Maru  Japan Hell ship British and Canadian POW's East China Sea Oct 1, 1942
843[105] Zuikaku  Japan Aircraft carrier Crew Leyte GulfOct 25,1944
833[106] HMS Royal Oak  UK Battleship Crew Scapa Flow Oct 14, 1939
817[107] Taiyo Maru  Japan Passenger ship Passengers, crew East China Sea May 8, 1942
814[108] Kaga  Japan Aircraft carrier Crew Midway Jun 4, 1942
808[109] Leopoldville  Belgium Troopship US Troops English Channel Dec 24, 1944
791 Struma  Panama Passenger Crew Black Sea Feb 24, 1942
718 Sōryū  Japan Aircraft carrier Crew Midway Jun 4, 1942
693 USS Houston  US Heavy cruiser CrewJava Sea March 1, 1942
655 Ceramic  UK Passenger Civilians Atlantic Ocean Dec 6, 1942
645 HMAS Sydney  UK Light cruiser Crew Indian Ocean Nov 19, 1941
631 Shōhō  Japan Aircraft carrier Crew Coral Sea May 7, 1942
549 Ukishima Maru  Japan Transport Korean forced labourers Maizuru, Japan Aug 24, 1945
518 HMS Courageous  UK Aircraft carrier Crew Irish coast Sep 17, 1939
513 HMS Repulse  UK Battlecruiser Crew South China Sea Dec 10, 1941
484 Yoma  UK Troopship Crew, British Army troops & Free French Navy personnel[110] Mediterranean June 17, 1943
353 HMAS Perth  UK Light cruiser Crew Sunda Strait Mar 1, 1942
338 HMS Curacoa  UK Light cruiser Crew Atlantic Ocean Oct 2, 1942
327 HMS Prince of Wales  UK Battleship Crew South China Sea Dec 10, 1941
271 Ilmarinen  Finland Coastal defence ship Crew Baltic Sea Sep 13, 1941
159 USS Asheville  US Gunboat crew Java Sea March 3, 1942
137 Caribou  Canada Ferry Passengers, crew Cabot Strait Oct 14, 1942

Post World War II

Estimate of death toll Name Nat. Ship Type Principal casualties Where sunk Date
2,750 SS Kiangya Chi Steamship Refugees Shanghai Dec 3, 1948
323 ARA General Belgrano Arg Cruiser Crew South Atlantic May 2, 1982
194 INS Khukri Ind Frigate Crew Arabian Sea Dec 8, 1971
34 USS Liberty USA Spy ship Crew Mediterranean Sea June 8, 1967
20 HMS Sheffield UK Guided missile destroyer Crew South Atlantic May 4, 1982

Terrorist attacks

This section lists terrorist attacks in which at least 50 individuals were killed.

Estimated Deaths Name Political Ideology Country Location Date
2,996 September 11 attacks Islamic extremism United States New York City
Arlington County, Virginia
Stonycreek Township near Shanksville, Pennsylvania 		2001
500 2007 Yazidi communities bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Kahtaniya and Adnaniyah 2007
422 Cinema Rex fire Islamic extremism Iran Abadan, Iran 1978
400 Massacre of Trujillo Narcoterrorism Colombia Trujillo, Valle del Cauca 1990
200–800 Rais massacre Islamic extremism Algeria village of Rais, near Sidi Moussa and south of Algiers 1997
200–400 Bentalha massacre Islamic extremism Algeria village of Bentalha about 15 km south of Algiers 1997
385 Beslan school hostage crisis Islamic extremism/Chechen separatism Russia Beslan 2004
341 2016 Karrada bombing Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2016
336+ 2014 Gamboru Ngala attack Islamic extremism Nigeria Gamboru Ngala 2014
329 Air India Flight 182 Sikh extremism Ireland Irish Atlantic airspace 1985
307 1983 Beirut barracks bombing Islamic extremism/State-sponsored terrorism Lebanon Beirut 1983
293 Russian apartment bombings Islamic extremism Russia Moscow, Volgodonsk, Buynaksk 1999
270 Pan Am Flight 103 State-sponsored terrorism United Kingdom Lockerbie, Scotland 1988
257 1993 Bombay bombings Organized crime India Mumbai 1993
252 2001 Angola train attack Separatism Angola 2001
238 MV Dara Unknown; possibly Omani separatists Southwest Asia Persian Gulf 1961
223-233 Kobani massacre Islamic extremism Syria Kobani 2015
224 Metrojet Flight 9268 Islamic extremism Egypt Sinai Peninsula 2015
224 1998 United States embassy bombings Islamic extremism Kenya,
Tanzania 		Nairobi,
Dar es Salaam 		1998
215 23 November 2006 Sadr City bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Sadr City 2006
209 2006 Mumbai train bombings Islamic extremism India Mumbai 2006
202 2002 Bali bombings Islamic extremism Indonesia Bali 2002
198 18 April 2007 Baghdad bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2007
191 2004 Madrid train bombings Islamic extremism Spain Madrid 2004
186 Jableh and Tartous bombings Islamic extremism Syria Jableh and Tartous 2016
185 20 January 2012 Nigeria attacks Islamic extremism Nigeria Mubi, Yola, Gombi, Maiduguri and Kano 2012
178+ 2004 Ashura bombings in Iraq Islamic extremism Iraq Kerbala and Baghdad 2004
175 2008 Mumbai attacks Islamic extremism India Mumbai 2008
171 UTA Flight 772 State-sponsored terrorism Niger 1989
170 Moscow theater hostage crisis Chechen separatism Russia Moscow 2002
168 Kizlyar-Pervomayskoye hostage crisis Chechen separatism Russia Kizlyar, Pervomayskoye, and Sovetskoye 1996
168 Oklahoma City bombing Militia movement United States Oklahoma City 1995
165+ 2000 Walisongo school massacre Christian extremism Indonesia Poso 2000
155 October 2009 Baghdad bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2009
152 2007 Tal Afar bombings and massacre Islamic extremism Iraq Tal Afar 2007
150+ May 2017 Kabul attack Unknown Afghanistan Kabul 2017
150+ 2015 Baga massacre Islamic extremism Nigeria Baga 2015
150 St Nedelya Church assault Communism Bulgaria Sofia 1925
148 Gyaneshwari Express train derailment Communism India 2010
147 2015 Garissa University College attack Islamic extremism Kenya Garissa 2015
145 July 2015 Kukawa massacre Islamic extremism Nigeria Kukawa 2015
145 September 2015 Maiduguri bombing Islamic extremism Nigeria Maiduguri 2015
145 2014 Peshawar school attack Islamic extremism Pakistan Peshawar 2014
142 2015 Sana'a mosque bombings Islamic extremism Yemen Sana'a 2015
140—256 2017 Camp Shaheen attack Islamic extremism Afghanistan Mazar-e-Sharif 2017
140 Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis Chechen separatism Russia Budyonnovsk 1995
137 November 2015 Paris attacks Islamic extremism France Paris 2015
136 2007 Karachi bombing Islamic extremism Pakistan Karachi 2007
135 February 3, 2007 Baghdad market bombing Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2007
134 February 2016 Sayyidah Zaynab bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Sayyidah Zaynab 2016
133+ January 2011 Iraq suicide attacks Islamic extremism Iraq 2011
132 January 2016 Iraq attacks Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad Miqdadiyah 2016
130 2015 Khan Bani Saad bombing Islamic extremism Iraq Khan Bani Saad 2015
130 Rafiganj train disaster Communism India Rafiganj 2002
127 Peshawar church attack Islamic extremism Pakistan Peshawar 2013
127 December 2009 Baghdad bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2009
127 2005 Al Hillah bombing Unknown Iraq Al Hillah 2005
126 2017 Aleppo suicide car bombing Unknown Syria Aleppo 2017
125 November 2016 Hillah suicide truck bombing Islamic extremism Iraq Hillah 2016
125 Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 Unknown Indian Ocean 1996
120 2007 Al Hillah bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Al Hillah 2007
120 2012 Sana'a bombing Islamic extremism Yemen Sana'a 2012
120 Palace of Justice siege 19th of April Movement Colombia Bogotá 1985
119 Bojayá massacre United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia Colombia Choco 2002
117 28 October 2009 Peshawar bombing Islamic extremism Pakistan Peshawar 2009
117 2004 Irbil bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Irbil 2004
116 2004 SuperFerry 14 bombing Islamic extremism Philippines 2004
114+ 10 May 2010 Iraq attacks Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2010
113+ 2 November 2010 Baghdad bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2010
112 September 14, 2005 Baghdad bombing Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2005
112 Avianca Flight 203 Narcoterrorism Colombia 1989
112 Gulf Air Flight 771 Palestinian nationalism United Arab Emirates Dubai 1983
110 10 October 2008 Orakzai bombing Islamic extremism Pakistan Orakzai 2008
105 2010 Lakki Marwat suicide bombing Islamic extremism Pakistan Lakki Marwat 2010
104 Mohmand Agency attack Islamic extremism Pakistan Mohmand Agency 2010
102 2015 Ankara bombings Islamic extremism Turkey Ankara 2015
102 First Tyre truck bombing attack Islamic extremism Lebanon Tyre 1982
101 May 2016 Baghdad bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2016
101 19 August 2009 Baghdad bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2009
100 Bolgrad palace bombing Bessarabian separatism Romania Bolgrad 1921
100+ 2011 Damaturu attacks Islamic extremism Nigeria 2011
100 Malaysian Airline System Flight 653 hijacking Communism Malaysia Tanjung Kupang 1977
100 2008 Kandahar bombing Islamic extremism Afghanistan Kandahar 2008
98 May 2010 attacks on Ahmadi mosques in Lahore Islamic extremism Pakistan Lahore 2010
98 1 February 2008 Baghdad bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2008
98 Musayyib fuel tanker bombing Islamic extremism Iraq Musayyib 2005
96+ June 2017 Pakistan bombings Islamic extremism Pakistan Quetta, Parachinar, Karachi 2017
92 2017 Sehwan suicide bombing Islamic extremism Pakistan Sehwan 2017
91 King David Hotel bombing Zionism Mandatory Palestine Jerusalem 1946
90 2005 Sharm el-Sheikh attacks Islamic extremism Egypt Sharm el-Sheikh 2005
89 Russian airplane bombings Chechen separatism Russia Moscow 2004
88 TWA Flight 841 Palestinian nationalism Ionian Sea 1974
88 22 January 2007 Baghdad bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2007
87 2016 Nice attack Islamic extremism France Nice 2016
86 AMIA Bombing Islamic extremism/State-sponsored terrorism Argentina Buenos Aires 1994
85 April 2010 Baghdad bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2010
85 Buratha Mosque bombing Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2006
85 Stazione Centrale bombing Neo-fascism Italy Bologna 1980
83 2002 Grozny truck bombing Chechen separatism Russia Grozny 2002
83 Imam Ali Mosque bombing Islamic extremism Iraq Najaf 2003
81 2008 Assam bombings Assamese separatism India Assam 2008
80 Jaipur bombings Islamic extremism India Jaipur 2008
80 1985 Beirut car bombing State-sponsored terrorism Lebanon Beirut 1985
78 Bombing of Cubana de Aviación Flight 455 Anti-Castroism Cuba Atlantic Ocean 1976
77 2011 Norway attacks Neo-fascism Norway Oslo and Utøya 2011
77 2017 Gao bombing Islamic extremism Mali Gao 2017
76 February 12, 2007 Baghdad bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2007
76 2010 Maoist attack in Dantewada Maoism India Dantewada, Chhattisgarh 2010
75+ La Coubre explosion Anti-Castroism Cuba Havana 1960
75 2007 Baghlan sugar factory bombing Islamic extremism Afghanistan Baghlan 2008
75 2016 Lahore suicide bombing Islamic extremism Pakistan Lahore 2016
74 July 2010 Kampala attacks Islamic extremism Uganda Kampala 2010
74 2005 Khanaqin bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Khanaqin 2005
74 21 April 2004 Basra bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Basra 2004
74 2004 Kufa shelling Unknown Iraq Kufa 2004
73+ September 2010 Quetta bombing Islamic extremism Pakistan Quetta 2010
73 20 June 2009 Taza bombing Islamic extremism Iraq Taza 2009
73 Hafte Tir bombing Communism Iran Tehran 1981
72+ March 2010 Lahore bombings Islamic extremism Pakistan Lahore 2010
70+ July 2010 Baghdad attacks Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2010
70 2008 Wah bombing Islamic extremism Pakistan Wah 2008
70 2007 Baghdad Mustansiriya University bombing Unclear Iraq Baghdad 2007
69+ 17 August 2010 Baghdad bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2010
69 June 2009 Baghdad bombing Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2009
68 6 March 2008 Baghdad bombing Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2008
68 2007 Samjhauta Express bombings Disputed India 2007
68 2004 Baqubah bombing Unclear Iraq Baqubah 2004
67 Westgate shopping mall shooting Islamic extremism Kenya Nairobi 2013
67 In Amenas hostage crisis Islamic extremism Algeria In Amenas 2013
67 19 December 2004 Karbala and Najaf bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Karbala 2004
67 1929 Hebron massacre Palestinian nationalism Mandatory Palestine Hebron 1929
66 2010 Darra Adam Khel mosque bombing Islamic extremism Pakistan Darra Adam Khel 2010
66 Cyprus Airways Flight 284 Unknown Mediterranean Sea 1967
64 Kabul NDS bombing Islamic extremism Afghanistan Kabul 2016
63 Luxor massacre Islamic extremism Egypt Luxor 1997
63 12 February 2007 Baghdad bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2007
63 DAS Building bombing Narcoterrorism Colombia Bogotá 1989
63 Iraqi Airways Flight 163 Islamic extremism Saudi Arabia Arar 1986
63 April 1983 US Embassy bombing Islamic extremism Lebanon Beirut 1983
62 1999 Vladikavkaz bombing Chechen separatism Russia Vladikavkaz 1999
62 1 July 2006 Sadr City bombing Islamic extremism Iraq Sadr City 2006
62 29 October 2005 Delhi bombings Islamic extremism India Delhi 2005
62 24 June 2004 Mosul bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Mosul 2004
60 2005 Amman bombings Islamic extremism Jordan Amman 2005
60 EgyptAir Flight 648 Palestinian nationalism Greece Athens 1985
60 Second Tyre truck bombing attack Islamic extremism Lebanon Tyre 1983
60 January 2017 Azaz bombing Islamic extremism Syria Azaz 2017
59 2003 Znamenskoye suicide bombing Chechen separatism Russia Znamenskoye 2003
59 January 2017 Baghdad bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2017
58 2010 Baghdad church attack Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2010
58 6 April 2010 Baghdad bombings Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2010
58 April 2010 Kohat bombings Islamic extremism Pakistan Kohat 2010
58 2008 Indian embassy bombing in Kabul Islamic extremism Afghanistan Kabul 2008
58 1948 Ben Yehuda Street bombing Palestinian nationalism Mandatory Palestine Jerusalem 1948
57 Nishtar Park bombing Islamic extremism Pakistan Karachi 2006
57 2003 Istanbul Bombings Islamic extremism Turkey Istanbul 2003
56 2008 Ahmedabad bombings Islamic extremism India Ahmedabad 2008
56 7 July 2005 London bombings Islamic extremism United Kingdom London 2005
54 August 2016 Gaziantep bombing Islamic extremism Turkey Gaziantep 2016
54 1 February 2010 Baghdad bombing Islamic extremism Iraq Baghdad 2010
54 December 2009 Lahore attacks Unclear Pakistan Lahore 2009
54 Islamabad Marriott Hotel bombing Islamic extremism Pakistan Islamabad 2008
53+ 25 August 2010 Iraq bombings Islamic extremism/Baathism Iraq Kut 2010
52 2011 Monterrey casino attack Narcoterrorism Mexico Monterrey 2011
52 2003 Mumbai bombings Nationalism/Islamic extremism India Mumbai 2003
52 Reyhanlı bombings Disputed Turkey Reyhanlı 2013
51 2009 African Union base bombings in Mogadishu Islamic extremism Somalia Mogadishu 2009
51 17 June 2008 Baghdad bombing Unknown Iraq Baghdad 2008
50+ Dera Ghazi Khan bombings Islamic extremism Pakistan Dera Ghazi Khan 2011
50+ December 2010 Mohmand Agency bombings Islamic extremism Pakistan Mohmand Agency 2010
50 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting Islamic extremism United States Orlando 2016
50 5 April 2010 Peshawar bombings Islamic extremism Pakistan Peshawar 2010
50 July 2010 Lahore bombings Unknown Pakistan Lahore 2010

Mass unrest, riots and pogroms

This section lists events in which at least 100 individuals were killed from riots or mass unrest.

Estimate of death toll Name Country Location Date
60,000-80,000 Massacre of the Latins Byzantine Empire Constantinople 1182
30,000 Nika riots Byzantine Empire Constantinople 532
30,000 Adana massacre Ottoman Empire Adana 1909
5,000-30,000 St. Bartholomew's Day massacre France Paris 1572
13,266 Iași pogrom Romania Iaşi 1941
4,000 1066 Granada massacre Al-Andalus Granada 1066
500+ Lisbon massacre Portugal Lisbon 1506
322–420 Lwów pogrom (1918) Poland Lwów 1918
300 Tulsa race riot United States Tulsa 1921
105-242 Elaine race riot United States Elaine 1919
155 Bucharest pogrom Romania Bucharest 1941
119-120 New York City draft riots United States New York City 1863
32-200+ Sumgait pogrom Soviet Union Sumgait 1988
110 Baku pogrom Soviet Union Baku 1990
100 Kiev Pogrom (1905) Russian Empire Kiev 1921

Human sacrifice and mass suicide

This section lists notable individual episodes of mass suicide or human sacrifice. For tolls arising from the systematic practice of suicide or sacrifice, see Human sacrifice and ritual suicide.

Low
Estimate of death toll		 High
Estimate of death toll		 Type Event Group Location Date
< 40,000 80,400 Mass suicide, murder Battle of Okinawa Japanese civilians Japan 1945
8,000 8,000 Mass suicide Battle of Saipan Japanese civilians Mariana Islands 1944
3,000 80,400 Mass human sacrifice re-consecration of the Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan Aztecs Templo Mayor, Tenochtitlan 1487
960 960 Mass suicide Siege of Masada Jewish zealots Judea 73
913 913 Mass suicide, murder Jonestown massacre Peoples Temple Guyana 1978
300 1000 Mass suicide Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God Uganda 2000, March
53 53 Mass suicide Order of the Solar Temple Switzerland, Canada 1994
39 39 Mass suicide Heaven's Gate California 1997
16 16 Mass suicide Order of the Solar Temple France 1995, December 23

See also

Other lists organized by death toll

Other lists with similar topics

Topics dealing with similar themes

References

  1. ↑ Sächsische Zeitung (Saxonian Newspaper), April 15, 2010: Mindestzahl der Dresdner Bombenopfer nach oben korrigiert (“lowest number of Dresden raids casualties corrected upwards”)
  2. ↑ "The Blitz – A-London-Guide.com". Virtual-london.com. Archived from the original on 2011-04-02. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  3. ↑ Thomson Reuters Foundation. "Humanitarian | Thomson Reuters Foundation News". Alertnet.org. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  4. ↑ Luke Harding, "Germany's forgotten victims", Guardian 22 October 2003
  5. ↑ Sultana: A Tragic Postscript to the Civil War Archived 2008-01-28 at the Wayback Machine.
  6. ↑ By WILLIAM J. BROADFEB. 2, 2009 (2009-02-02). "Company Says It’s Found 1744 Wreck of Famed British Warship - The New York Times". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  7. 1 2 Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). Directory of the World's Capital Ships p235, 252
  8. 1 2 Gröner, German Warships: 1815–1945 p. 52.
  9. ↑ "M.S. Wilhelm Gustloff – THE SINKING / TRAGEDY". Wilhelmgustloff.com. 1945-01-30. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  10. ↑ "GOYA CARGO SHIP 1940–1945 – WRECK WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  11. ↑ "ARMENIA PASSENGER SHIP 1928–1941 – WRECK WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  12. ↑ "CAP ARCONA OCEAN LINER 1927–1945 – WRECK WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  13. ↑ "ZYUNYO MARU CARGO SHIP 1913–1944 – WRECK WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  14. ↑ "TOYAMA MARU TROOP TRANSPORT 1915–1944 – WRECK WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  15. ↑ "RYUSEI MARU CARGO SHIP 1911–1944 – WRECK WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  16. ↑ "TAMATSU MARU CARGO SHIP 1943–1944 – WRECK WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  17. 1 2 3 "YOSHIDA MARU NO.1 PASSENGER/CARGO SHIP 1919–1944 – WRECK WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  18. ↑ "Operation "60,000" – 1944". WorldWar2.ro. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  19. ↑ "ORIA CARGO SHIP 1920–1944 – WRECK WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO". Wrecksite.eu. 2011-07-25. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  20. ↑ John Asmussen. "Hilfskreuzer (Auxiliary Cruiser / Raider) – Orion". Bismarck-class.dk. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  21. ↑ "LANCASTRIA OCEAN LINER 1920–1940 – WRECK WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  22. ↑ "URAL MARU PASSENGER SHIP 1929–1944 – WRECK WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  23. ↑ "MAYASAN MARU CARGO SHIP 1941–1944 – WRECK WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  24. ↑ Koburger, Charles W., Steel Ships, Iron Crosses, and Refugees, Praeger Publishers, NY, 1989, p.7. Koburger also notes that other equally reliable sources put the total embarked at 3,300.
  25. ↑ David L Williams. "In the Shadow of the Titanic: Merchant Ships Lost With Greater Fatalities". Retrieved 2016-08-06.
  26. ↑ "Imperial Battleships". Combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  27. ↑ "YAMATO BATTLESHIP 1940–1945 – WRECK WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  28. ↑ "Yamato Today". Battleshipyamato.info. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  29. ↑ "TANGO MARU CARGO SHIP 1926–1944 – WRECK WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  30. ↑ Williams, David L. (2012). In the Shadow of the Titanic: Merchant Ships Lost With Greater Fatalities (eBook). The History Press Ireland. ISBN 9780752477138.
  31. ↑ "THIELBEK PASSENGER SHIP 1940–1945 – WRECK WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO". Wrecksite.eu. 2008-08-16. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  32. ↑ "WRECKSITE - LENIN PASSENGER/CARGO SHIP 1909-1941". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-27. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  33. ↑ "WRECKSITE - PETRELLA PASSENGER/CARGO SHIP 1923-1944". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  34. ↑ "WRECKSITE - TEIA MARU TROOP TRANSPORT (EX-OCEAN LINER) (EX-CRUISER (AUXILIARY)) 1932-1944". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  35. ↑ "Maritime Disasters of WWII 1944, 1945". Members.iinet.net.au. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  36. ↑ {http://www.combinedfleet.com/Akitsu_t.htm
  37. ↑ "WRECKSITE - HAWAII MARU OCEAN LINER 1915-1944". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  38. ↑ "WRECKSITE - EDOGAWA MARU CARGO SHIP 1944-1944". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  39. ↑ "Japanese Escorts". Combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  40. ↑ Garzke, William H.; Dulin, Robert O. (1985). Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-101-0 p246
  41. ↑ "WRECKSITE - SINFRA OCEAN LINER 1929-1943". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-27. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  42. ↑ "WRECKSITE - KAMAKURA MARU OCEAN LINER 1930-1943". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-27. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  43. ↑ "WRECKSITE - AWA MARU OCEAN LINER 1942-1945". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  44. ↑ Ship was sunk in violation of a safe passage agreement, apparently in error by US submarine Queenfish.
  45. ↑ "WRECKSITE - DAINICHI MARU CARGO SHIP 1922-1943". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-27. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  46. ↑ "WRECKSITE - SALZBURG PASSENGER/CARGO SHIP 1921-1942". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-27. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  47. ↑ "WRECKSITE - SCHARNHORST BATTLESHIP 1939-1943". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  48. ↑ "WRECKSITE - GAETANO DONIZETTI PASSENGER/CARGO SHIP 1928-1943". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  49. ↑ "WRECKSITE - ARISAN MARU PASSENGER SHIP 1944-1944". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  50. ↑ "WRECKSITE - ARABIA MARU PASSENGER/CARGO SHIP 1918-1944". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-30. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  51. ↑ "WRECKSITE - TAKATIHO MARU OCEAN LINER 1932-1943". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  52. ↑ "WRECKSITE - LACONIA OCEAN LINER 1922-1942". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-27. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  53. ↑ "Imperial Flattops". Combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  54. ↑ "WRECKSITE - TAIHO AIRCRAFT CARRIER 1944-1944". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
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  56. ↑ "WRECKSITE - KOSHU MARU PASSENGER/CARGO SHIP 1937-1944". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-27. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  57. ↑ "WRECKSITE - TSUSHIMA MARU CARGO SHIP 1938-1944". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
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  59. ↑ "WRECKSITE - MAEBASHI MARU PASSENGER/CARGO SHIP 1921-1943". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
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  62. ↑ "WRECKSITE - SHIRANESAN MARU CARGO SHIP 1943-1944". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  63. ↑ "HMS Hood Association: Frequently Asked Questions". HMS Hood Association. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
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  65. ↑ "WRECKSITE - CHIKUMA CRUISER (HEAVY) 1938-1944". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  66. ↑ "WRECKSITE - TATSUTA MARU OCEAN LINER 1929-1943". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  67. ↑ "WRECKSITE - FUSO MARU OCEAN LINER 1908-1944". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  68. ↑ {http://www.betasom.it/forum/index.php?showtopic=31791
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  71. ↑ "WRECKSITE - KHEDIVE ISMAIL OCEAN LINER 1922-1944". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  72. ↑ "WRECKSITE - SHOKAKU AIRCRAFT CARRIER 1941-1944". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  73. ↑ "WRECKSITE - ROMA BATTLESHIP 1940-1943". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  74. ↑ "WRECKSITE - KONGO BATTLECRUISER 1912-1944". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
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  76. ↑ "WRECKSITE - UNRYU AIRCRAFT CARRIER 1944-1944". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  77. ↑ "WRECKSITE - GLORIOUS AIRCRAFT CARRIER 1917-1940". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  78. ↑ "WRECKSITE - RAKUYO MARU OCEAN LINER 1921-1944". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-27. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  79. ↑ "WRECKSITE - ROHNA PASSENGER SHIP 1926-1943". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  80. ↑ "People of the Plaque - Montevideo Maru". Jje.info. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
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  83. ↑ "WRECKSITE - MUSASHI BATTLESHIP 1940-1944". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  84. ↑ "WRECKSITE - EIWA MARU TANKER 1944-1944". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  85. ↑ "WRECKSITE - GALILEA OCEAN LINER 1918-1942". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-27. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
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  87. ↑ "WRECKSITE - BRETAGNE BATTLESHIP 1913-1940". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  88. ↑ "WRECKSITE - SHUNTIEN PASSENGER/CARGO SHIP 1934-1941". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-27. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  89. ↑ "WRECKSITE - KARLSRUHE CARGO SHIP 1905-1945". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-27. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
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  91. ↑ "WRECKSITE - PALATIA PASSENGER/CARGO SHIP 1928-1942". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-27. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  92. ↑ Small, Ken; Rogerson, Mark (1988). The Forgotten Dead – Why 946 American Servicemen Died Off The Coast Of Devon In 1944 – And The Man Who Discovered Their True Story. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 0-7475-0309-5.
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  94. ↑ "WRECKSITE - CORREGIDOR OCEAN LINER 1911-1941". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  95. ↑ "Imperial Flattops". Combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
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  99. ↑ "WRECKSITE - TIRPITZ BATTLESHIP 1941-1944". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  100. ↑ "WRECKSITE - INDIANAPOLIS CRUISER (HEAVY) 1932-1945". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
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  102. ↑ "WRECKSITE - BARHAM BATTLESHIP 1913-1941". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  103. ↑ "WRECKSITE - NOVA SCOTIA PASSENGER SHIP 1926-1942". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-27. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  104. ↑ "WRECKSITE - LISBON MARU PASSENGER SHIP 1920-1942". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  105. ↑ "WRECKSITE - ZUIKAKU AIRCRAFT CARRIER 1941-1944". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  106. ↑ "WRECKSITE - ROYAL OAK BATTLESHIP 1914-1939". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  107. ↑ "Japanese Army Auxiliary Transports". Combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  108. ↑ "Imperial lattops". Combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  109. ↑ "WRECKSITE - LEOPOLDVILLE PASSENGER SHIP 1929-1944". Wrecksite.eu. 2014-10-27. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
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