List of abstract strategy games
An abstract strategy game is a board, card or other game with perfect information, no chance or physical skill, and (usually) two players or teams. Some board games which do not involve the removal of taken pieces can be played as pen-and-paper games.
Chess and chess-like games
- Chaturaji (India)
- Chaturanga (Indian chess)
- Chess (Western chess)
- Chess on an Infinite Plane
- Congo
- Courier chess (German chess)
- Djambi (modern French chess variant)
- Fortress chess (Russia)
- Four-handed chess
- Hexagonal chess
- Hnefatafl (Nordic chess-like game)
- Hiashatar (Mongolian chess variant)
- Hive (boardless chess-like game)
- Janggi (Korean chess)
- Jeson Mor (Mongolian chess variant)
- Maharajah and the Sepoys (Indian chess variant)
- Makruk (Thai chess)
- Ploy (board game)
- Senterej (Ethiopian chess)
- Shatar (Mongolian chess)
- Shatranj (Persian and Arabian chess)
- Shogi (Japanese chess)
- Shogi variants (other shogi-like games)
- Sittuyin (Burmese chess)
- Tak (America)
- Tamerlane chess (Persian)
- Three-player chess
- Trappist-1
- Xiangqi (Chinese chess)
Paper and pencil games
"All-in-a-row" games
All-in-a-row games[1] involve placing and/or moving pieces on a game board attempting to create a layout of n of your pieces in a straight line (often n=3, but not always). Positional games[2] involve only playing pieces, with no movement or captures afterwards. Many of these positional games can also be played as paper and pencil games, and these are marked †. (Generally, 3D games are difficult to play on paper.)
- Positional "n-in-a-row" games
- Andantino †
- Connect Four †
- Connect 4x4
- Connect6 †
- Gobblet
- Gomoku †
- Hijara †
- Join Five (aka. Morpion solitaire, Cross 'n' Lines, Line Game) †
- Quarto
- Qubic
- Renju †
- Rhumb Line †
- Score Four
- Tic Tac Toe † (aka Noughts and Crosses)
- Non-Positional "All-in-a-row" games, i.e. games with movements and/or captures
- Achi
- Boku
- Check Lines
- Dala
- Dara
- Kamisado
- Morabaraba
- Morris - Three, Six and Nine Men's Morris
- Nine Holes
- Pentago
- Pente, a slight simplification of Ninuki-renju
- Picaria
- Shax
- Shisima
- Square chess
- Tant Fant
- Tapatan
- Teeko
- Tsoro Yematatu
- Wali
- Yinsh
Blockade games
Blockade games[3][4] primarily involve moving your pieces, following the game rules, so as to block your opponent from having any move they can make. In symmetric blockade games, both players have the same number of pieces with the same movement capabilities. In asymmetric blockade games, players have different numbers of pieces with different movement capabilities—usually one player having a single piece of greater movement range and the other player having multiple pieces of lesser movement capabilities.
- Symmetric Blockade Games
- Berry Patch Scramble
- Grinder
- Mlýnek
- Mū tōrere
- Pat Gonu or Hobag Gonu
- Pong Hau K'i (aka Sua tok tong, Umul Gonu, Gang Gonu or Do-guti)
- Tako Judo (Octopuss Wrestling)
- Asymmetric Blockade Games
Connection games
A connection game[5] is a type of abstract strategy game in which players attempt to complete a specific type of connection with their pieces. This could involve forming a path between two or more goals, completing a closed loop, or connecting all of one's pieces so they are adjacent to each other. Those marked † can also be played as paper and pencil games.
- Atoll
- Bridg-It, also called Gale
- Brique
- Connect Four
- Crosstrack
- Crossway
- Dots
- Dots and boxes †
- Gonnect
- Havannah †
- Hex †
- Onyx
- Pex
- PÜNCT
- Quax
- Quentin
- Selfo
- Shannon switching game
- Star
- *Star †
- Tak
- Through the Desert
- Trax
- TwixT († with modified rules)
- Unlur
- Vimbre
- Y †
Stacking games
Capture Games
This category is in development, while we re-analyze the collection of games listed under "Other Games".
Capture games have as a central goal the idea of capturing all of the opponents pieces before they can capture yours. The rules for how a capture is accomplished vary greatly. A classic example of this category is checkers.The two most common forms of capture are jump (one piece jumps an opponent's piece) and surrounds (one piece is surrounded by two or more opponent pieces). We include here both "capture and remove from the board" games and "capture and convert to one of your pieces" games.
- Agon
- Alquerque
- Apit-sodok
- Armenian checkers
- Astar
- Ataxx
- Awithlaknannai Mosona
- Bizingo
- Butterfly
- Canadian checkers
- Catch the Hare (aka Cercar la Liebre or Corner the Rabbit)
- Choko
- Cinc Camins
Counting games
'This category is in development, while we re-analyze the collection of games listed under "Other Games".
These games involve some aspect of counting, especially to determine the relative outcomes of various alternatives at points along the way. A classic example of this category are the various Mancala games.
Positional games
'This category is in development, while we re-analyze the collection of games listed under "Other Games".
Positional games allow no captures, but require some arrangement of pieces that constitutes a "win". This is a broad category that includes, as sub-categories, both the "All-in-a-row" games and the "Blockade" games. We include here only the positional games that do not fit into those two categories.
Hunting games
'This category is in development, while we re-analyze the collection of games listed under "Other Games".
In "hunting" games, one player's pieces are "hunting" the other player's pieces, so that one player is trying to capture the second player's pieces, while the second player is trying to avoid captures, arranging their pieces to surround the hunters, to be protected from the hunters, etc. A classic example of this category is Fox and Geese. These games tend to have the hunter playing a "capture" game while the pry is playing a "positional" game.
Other games
Those marked † can also be played as paper and pencil games. This category is being reviewed, with some games being moved to other named categories. The review is complete through the C's.
- Amazons
- Arimaa
- Awithlaknakwe
- Blokus
- Blue and Gray
- Brax (game)
- Breakthrough
- Breakthru
- Camelot
- Cathedral
- Conquest
- Crossings
- Dablot Prejjesne
- Dash-guti
- Death Stacks
- Demala diviyan keliya
- Diaballik
- Diamond
- Dominoes
- Draughts (also known as checkers)
- Egara-guti
- En Gehé
- Entropy (1977)
- Entropy (1994)
- Epaminondas
- Fanorona
- Felli
- Fetaix
- Fitchneal
- Five Field Kono
- Four Field Kono
- Fox games, such as Fox and Geese
- Game of the Generals
- The GIPF project games:
- Go
- Gol-skuish
- Halatafl
- Halma
- Hare & Tortoise
- Hat diviyan keliya
- HexAgony
- High Jump
- Hive
- Hnefatafl
- Indian and jackrabbits
- Ingenious
- Irensei
- Isola
- Italian Damone
- Jarmo
- Jul-Gonu
- Jungle (Dou Shou Qi, The Game of Fighting Animals)
- Kalah
- Kaooa
- Kensington
- Kharbaga
- Khla si ko
- Khet
- Kolowis Awithlaknannai (Fighting Serpents)
- Komikan
- Konane
- Kotu Ellima
- L game
- Lau kata kati
- Leap Frog (board game)
- Len Choa
- Len cúa kín ngoa
- Liberian Queah
- Lines of Action
- Lotus
- Ludus latrunculorum
- Main Tapal Empat
- Mak-yek
- Makonn
- Martian chess (for two to six players)
- Meurimueng-rimueng-do
- Meurimueng-rimueng peuet ploh or Dam-daman or Ratti-chitti-bakri
- Ming Mang
- Mozaic
- Neutron
- Nim †
- Paddles
- Pasang
- Peralikatuma
- Permainan-Tabal
- Phutball
- Ponte del Diavolo
- Pretwa
- Pulijudam
- Quod †
- Quoridor
- Rek (Game), and its variant Min Rek Chanh
- Reversi, also known as Othello
- Rhumb Line
- Rhythmomachy
- Rimau
- Rimau-rimau
- Ringo
- Salta
- Sher-bakar
- Sixteen Soldiers (aka "Cows and Leopards" or "Sholo guti")
- Stratego
- Sua Ghin Gnua (aka Tigers and Oxen)
- Surakarta
- Sz'Kwa
- Tafl games
- Terhuchu
- Terrace
- Three Musketeers
- Thud
- Tiger and Buffaloes
- Tuknanavuhpi
- Tukvnanawopi
- Turkish draughts
- Ugolki
- Xoliba
- Yoté
- Zamma
References
Bibliography
- Bell, R.C., (1979), Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations, p. 478, which refers to our "Blockade Games" as "Blocking Games".
- Drabble, Margaret, (2010), The Pattern in the Carpet: A Personal History with Jigsaws, p. 66. "Irving Finkel, the colourful curator of the Department of Ancient Near East at the British Museum, is an expert on games of the ancient world. All games, he claims, fit into groups -- race games, all-in-a-row games, hunt games, position games, counting games and war games."
- D. Hefetz, M. Krivelevich, M. Stojaković and T. Szabó: Positional Games, Oberwolfach Seminars, Vol. 44, Birkhäuser Basel, 2014.
- Michaelsen, Peter, (2014) "Haretavl – Hare and Hounds as a board game", in Sport und Spiel bei den Germanen, M. Teichert, pp. 197–216
- Popova, Assia, (1974). "Analyse formelle et classification des jeux de calculs mongols" in Études Mongoles 5, pp. 7–60.