List of Prime Ministers of Spain

Kingdom of Spain
This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Spain
Constitution Constitutional history Constitutional Court Human rights Taxation
The Crown Monarch King Felipe VI Princess of Asturias Leonor Royal Family
Executive Government Second Rajoy Government Prime Minister (list) Mariano Rajoy Deputy Prime Minister Soraya S. de Santamaría Ministries Council of State
Legislature Cortes Generales (parliament) Congress of Deputies Speaker: Ana Pastor Senate Speaker: Pío García-Escudero People's Defender (ombudsman) Court of Accounts
Judiciary General Council of the Judiciary Supreme Court Audiencia Nacional
Elections Political parties Recent elections Parliamentary: 2016 2015 2011 2008 European: 2014 2009 2004
Administrative geography Spain Autonomous communities Regional governments Regional legislatures Provinces Municipalities
Foreign relations Foreign relations Diplomatic missions of Spain in Spain Politics of the European Union
Related topics Spanish Armed Forces National Police Corps
Other countries Atlas

The following is the list of those who have served as President of the Government (i.e., the Prime Minister) of Spain. It also includes similar offices presiding over the Council of Ministries since the position gained a significant power.

Kingdom of Spain (1705–1873)

Secretaries of the Universal Bureau

Picture	Name	From	Until	Monarch (Reign)
	Pedro Fernández del Campo y Angulo, Marquis of Mejorada	11 July 1705	15 April 1714	King Philip V (1700–1724)
	Manuel de Vadillo y Velasco	15 April 1714	30 November 1714
	José de Grimaldo y Gutiérrez de Solórzano Marquis of Grimaldo (1st time)	30 November 1714	14 January 1724
	Juan Bautista de Orendáin y Azpilicueta (1st time)	14 January 1724	4 September 1724	King Louis I (1724)
	José de Grimaldo y Gutiérrez de Solórzano Marquis of Grimaldo (2nd time)	4 September 1724	12 December 1725	King Philip V (1724–1746)
	Juan Guillermo Ripperdá Duke and Baron of Ripperdá	12 December 1725	14 April 1726
	José de Grimaldo y Gutiérrez de Solórzano Marquis of Grimaldo (3rd time)	14 April 1726	1 October 1726
	Juan Bautista de Orendáin y Azpilicueta Marquis of La Paz (2nd time)	1 October 1726	21 November 1734

First Secretaries of State

Picture	Name	From	Until	Monarch (Reign)
	José de Patiño y Rosales	21 November 1734	3 November 1736	King Philip V (1724–1746)
	Sebastián de la Cuadra y Llerena 1st Marquis of Villarías	26 November 1736	4 December 1746
	José de Carvajal y Lancaster	4 December 1746	9 April 1754	King Ferdinand VI (1746–1759)
	Fernando de Silva Mendoza y Toledo Duke of Huéscar	9 April 1754	15 May 1754
	Ricardo Wall y Devreux	15 May 1754	10 August 1759
		10 August 1759	9 October 1763	King Charles III (1759–1788)
	Pablo Jerónimo de Grimaldi y Pallavicini Duke of Grimaldi	9 October 1763	19 February 1777
	José Moñino y Redondo Count of Floridablanca	19 February 1777	14 December 1788
		14 December 1788	28 February 1792	King Charles IV (1788–1808)
	Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea y Ximénez de Urrea Count of Aranda Acting First Secretary of State	28 February 1792	15 November 1792
	Manuel de Godoy y Álvarez de Faria Duke of Alcudia	15 November 1792	28 March 1798
	Francisco Saavedra de Sangronis Acting First Secretary of State until 6 September 1798	30 March 1798	21 February 1799
	Mariano Luis de Urquijo y Muga Acting First Secretary of State	12 February 1799	13 December 1799
	Pedro Cevallos Guerra (1st time)	13 December 1799	3 March 1808
	Gonzalo O'Farrill y Herrera Acting First Secretary of State	3 March 1808	19 March 1808
	Pedro Cevallos Guerra (2nd time)	19 March 1808	7 July 1808	King Ferdinand VII (1808)
	Mariano Luis de Urquijo y Muga (2nd time)	7 July 1808	27 June 1813	King Joseph I (1808–1813)
	Juan O'Donoju O'Ryan Acting First Secretary of State	10 October 1813	17 October 1813
	Fernando de Laserna Acting First Secretary of State	17 October 1813	3 December 1813
	José Luyando Acting First Secretary of State	3 December 1813	4 May 1814	King Ferdinand VII (1813–1833)
	José Miguel de Carvajal-Vargas y Manrique de Lara Duke of San Carlos	4 May 1814	15 November 1814
	Pedro Cevallos Guerra (3rd time)	15 November 1814	24 January 1816
	Juan Esteban Lozano de Torres	24 January 1816	26 January 1816
	Pedro Cevallos Guerra (4th time)	26 January 1816	30 October 1816
	José García de León y Pizarro	30 October 1816	14 September 1818
	Carlos Martínez de Irujo y Tacón Marquis of Casa Irujo Acting First Secretary of State	14 September 1818	12 June 1819
	Manuel González Salmón y Gómez de Torres Acting First Secretary of State	12 June 1819	12 September 1819
	Joaquín José Melgarejo y Saurín Duke of San Fernando de Quiroga	12 September 1819	18 March 1820
	Juan Jabat Aztal Acting First Secretary of State	18 March 1820
	Evaristo Pérez de Castro y Brito	18 March 1820	2 March 1821
	Joaquín Anduaga Cuenca Acting First Secretary of State	2 March 1821	23 April 1821
	Francisco de Paula Escudero Acting First Secretary of State	23 April 1821
	Eusebio Bardají y Azara	23 April 1821	8 January 1822
	Ramón López Pelegrín Acting First Secretary of State	8 January 1822	24 January 1822
	José Gabriel de Silva y Bazán Marquis of Santa Cruz	24 January 1822	30 January 1822
	Ramón López Pelegrín Acting First Secretary of State	30 January 1822	28 February 1822
	Francisco Martínez de la Rosa	28 February 1822	5 August 1822
	Evaristo Fernández San Miguel y Valledor Acting First Secretary of State from 28 February 1822	5 August 1822	25 April 1823
	José Manuel Vadillo Acting First Secretary of State	25 April 1823	7 May 1823
	Santiago Usoz y Mozi Acting First Secretary of State	7 May 1823	13 May 1823
	José María Pando de la Riva y Ramírez de Laredo	13 May 1823	29 August 1823
	Luis María de Salazar y Salazar Acting First Secretary of State	29 August 1823	4 September 1823
	Juan Antonio Yandiola Garay Acting First Secretary of State	4 September 1823	6 September 1823
	José Luyando (2nd time)	6 September 1823	1 October 1823
	Víctor Damián Sáez y Sánchez-Mayor Acting First Secretary of State until 7 August 1823 (counter-government until 1 October 1823.)	25 April 1823	2 December 1823
	Carlos Martínez de Irujo y Tacón Marquis of Casa Irujo (2nd time)	2 December 1823	18 January 1824
	Narciso Fernández de Heredia y Begines de los Ríos Count of Ofalia	18 January 1824	11 July 1824
	Luis María de Salazar y Salazar Acting First Secretary of State	11 July 1824
	Francisco Cea Bermúdez (1st time)	11 July 1824	24 October 1825
	Pedro Alcantara Álvarez de Toledo y Salm Salm Duke of the Infantado	24 October 1825	19 August 1826
	Manuel González Salmón y Gómez de Torres Acting First Secretary of State until 15 October 1830	19 August 1826	20 January 1832
	Francisco Tadeo Calomarde y Arría Acting First Secretary of State	20 January 1832	22 February 1832
	Antonio de Saavedra y Frígola, conde de Alcudia Acting First Secretary of State	22 February 1832	1 October 1832
	José Cafranga Costilla Acting First Secretary of State	1 October 1832	29 November 1832
	Francisco Cea Bermúdez (2nd time)	29 November 1832	15 January 1834

Prime Ministers (Presidents of the Council of Ministers)

Political Persuasion:   Moderate   Progressive   Liberal Union   Radical Democratic

Portrait		Name	Term of office		Political Party	Government	Monarch (Reign)
		Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Berdejo	15 January 1834	7 June 1835	Moderate Royalist	Martínez de la Rosa	Queen Dowager Maria Christina Regent for Queen Isabella II (1833–1840)
		José María Queipo de Llano Ruiz de Saravia, 7th Count of Toreno	7 June 1835	14 September 1835		Toreno
		Miguel Ricardo de Álava y Esquivel (rejected his nomination, staying as the Spanish ambassador in London.)	14 September 1835	25 September 1835	Progressive	Álava
		Juan Álvarez Mendizábal	25 September 1835	15 May 1836		Mendizábal
		Francisco Javier Isturiz y Montero (1st time)	15 May 1836	14 August 1836	Moderate	Isturiz I
		José María Calatrava y Peinado	14 August 1836	18 August 1837	Progressive	Calatrava
		Baldomero Espartero, Count of Luchana (1st time)	18 August 1837	18 October 1837		Espartero I
		Eusebio Bardají y Azara	18 October 1837	16 December 1837	Moderate	Bardají
		Narciso de Heredia y Begines de los Ríos, Count of Ofalia	16 December 1837	6 September 1838		Heredia
		Bernardino Fernández de Velasco, 14th Duke of Frías	6 September 1838	9 December 1838		Frías
		Isidro de Alaix Fábregas Acting Prime Minister	9 December 1838	3 February 1839		—
		Evaristo Pérez de Castro y Brito	(9 December 1838) 3 February 1839	18 July 1840		Pérez de Castro
		Antonio González y González (1st time)	20 July 1840	12 August 1840	Progressive	González I
		Valentín Ferraz y Barrau	12 August 1840	28 August 1840		Ferraz
		Modesto Cortázar Acting Prime Minister	29 August 1840	11 September 1840		—
		Vicente Sancho y Cobertores	11 September 1840	16 September 1840		Sancho
		Baldomero Espartero, Duke of la Victoria (2nd time)	16 September 1840	10 May 1841	Progressive	Espartero II	Baldomero Espartero Regent for Queen Isabella II (1840–1843)
		Joaquín María de Ferrer y Cafranga	10 May 1841	20 May 1841		Ferrer
		Antonio González y González (2nd time)	20 May 1841	17 June 1842		González II
		José Ramón Rodil y Campillo, Marquis of Rodil	17 June 1842	9 May 1843		Rodil
		Joaquín María López y López (1st time)	9 May 1843	19 May 1843		López I
		Álvaro Gómez Becerra	19 May 1843	23 July 1843		Gómez Becerra
		Joaquín María López y López (2nd time)	23 July 1843	20 November 1843		López II	Queen Isabella II (1833/1843–1868)
		Salustiano de Olózaga y Almandoz	20 November 1843	5 December 1843		Olózaga
		Luis González-Bravo y López de Arjona (1st time)	5 December 1843	3 May 1844	Moderate	González-Bravo
		Ramón María Narváez, 1st Duke of Valencia (1st time)	3 May 1844	12 February 1846	Moderate	Década Moderada
		Manuel de Pando, 6th Marquis of Miraflores (1st time)	12 February 1846	16 March 1846
		Ramón María Narváez, 1st Duke of Valencia (2nd time)	16 March 1846	5 April 1846
		Francisco Javier Isturiz y Montero (2nd time)	5 April 1846	28 January 1847
		Carlos Martínez de Irujo Marquis of Casa Irujo, Duke of Sotomayor	28 January 1847	28 March 1847
		Joaquín Francisco Pacheco y Gutiérrez Calderón	28 March 1847	31 August 1847
		José de Salamanca y Mayol	31 August 1847	12 September 1847
		Florencio García Goyena	12 September 1847	4 October 1847
		Ramón María Narváez, 1st Duke of Valencia (3rd time)	4 October 1847	19 October 1849
		Serafín María de Sotto, 3rd Count of Clonard (appointment revoked before he could take office.)	19 October 1849	20 October 1849
		Ramón María Narváez, 1st Duke of Valencia (4th time)	20 October 1849	14 January 1851
		Juan Bravo Murillo	14 January 1851	14 December 1852
		Federico de Roncali, 1st Count of Alcoy	14 December 1852	14 April 1853
		Francisco de Lersundi y Hormaechea	14 April 1853	19 September 1853
		Luis José Sartorius, 1st Count of San Luis	19 September 1853	17 July 1854
		Fernando Fernández de Córdova	17 July 1854	18 July 1854
		Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas	18 July 1854	19 July 1854
		Baldomero Espartero, Duke of la Victoria (3rd time)	19 July 1854	14 July 1856	Progressive	Bienio progresista
		Leopoldo O'Donnell y Jorris (1st time)	14 July 1856	12 October 1856	Liberal Union	O'Donnell I
		Ramón María Narváez, 1st Duke of Valencia (5th time)	12 October 1856	15 October 1857	Moderate	Narváez V
		Francisco Armero y Peñaranda, 1st Marquis of Nervión	15 October 1857	14 January 1858		Nervión
		Francisco Javier Isturiz y Montero (3rd time)	14 January 1858	30 June 1858		Isturiz III
		Leopoldo O'Donnell y Jorris (2nd time)	30 June 1858	2 March 1863	Liberal Union	O'Donnell II O'Donnell III
		Manuel de Pando, 6th Marquis of Miraflores (2nd time)	2 March 1863	17 January 1864	Moderate	Miraflores II
		Lorenzo Arrazola y García	17 January 1864	1 March 1864		Arrazola
		Alejandro Mon y Menéndez	1 March 1864	16 September 1864	Moderate	Mon
		Ramón María Narváez, 1st Duke of Valencia (6th time)	16 September 1864	21 June 1865	Moderate	Narváez VI
		Leopoldo O'Donnell y Jorris (3rd time)	21 June 1865	10 July 1866	Liberal Union	O'Donnell IV
		Ramón María Narváez, 1st Duke of Valencia (7th time)	10 July 1866	23 April 1868	Moderate	Narváez VII
		Luis González-Bravo y López de Arjona (2nd time)	23 April 1868	19 September 1868	Moderate	González-Bravo II
		José Gutiérrez de la Concha, 1st Marquis of Havana	19 September 1868	30 September 1868	Moderate	Havana
		Pascual Madoz Ibáñez Acting Prime Minister	30 September 1868	3 October 1868	Progressive	—	No formal Head of State
		Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, 1st Duke of La Torre (1st time)	3 October 1868	18 June 1869	Liberal Union	Serrano I
		General Juan Prim y Prats, 1st Marquis of Los Castillejos	18 June 1869	27 December 1870 (assassinated: died 30 December 1870)	Progressist Liberal	Prim	Regent Francisco Serrano y Domínguez (1869–1870)
		Juan Bautista Topete y Carballo Acting Prime Minister	27 December 1870	4 January 1871	Liberal Union	—	King Amadeo (1870–1873)
		Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, 1st Duke of La Torre (2nd time)	4 January 1871	24 July 1871		Serrano II
		Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla (1st time)	24 July 1871	5 October 1871	Radical Democratic Party	Ruiz Zorrilla I
		José Malcampo y Monge, 3rd Marquis of San Rafael	5 October 1871	21 December 1871	Democratic	Malcampo
		Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1st time)	21 December 1871	26 May 1872	Progressist Liberal	Sagasta I
		Juan Bautista Topete y Carballo Acting Prime Minister	26 May 1872	4 June 1872	Liberal Union	—
		Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, 1st Duke of La Torre (3rd time)	4 June 1872	13 June 1872		Serrano III
		Fernando Fernández de Córdova, 2nd Marquis of Mendigorría Acting Prime Minister	13 June 1872	16 June 1872	Radical Democratic Party	—
		Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla (2nd time)	16 June 1872	12 February 1873	Radical Democratic Party	Ruiz Zorrilla II

List of officeholders

Federal Republican       Constitutional
Portrait		Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office Electoral mandates		Days (Years and days)	Other ministerial offices held whilst Prime Minister	Political party	Government	President (Term)
		The Most Excellent Estanislao Figueras (1819–1882)	12 February 1873	11 June 1873	7002119000000000000♠119 days	– Minister of War from 1873	Federal Republican	Figueras I	Himself
								Figueras II
								Figueras III
								Figueras IV
			1873
			Antonio Dorregaray's military uprising; Cristino Martos' coup d'etat attempts in February and April; slavery in Puerto Rico abolished; federal republic proclaimed. Allegedly fed up with parliamentary and governmental deadlock in the political, economic and social situation of the country, he left the country and went into exile during the night.
		The Most Excellent Francesc Pi i Margall (1824–1901)	11 June 1873	18 July 1873	7001370000000000000♠37 days	– Minister of Governance	Federal Republican	Pi y Margall	Himself
			—
			1873 oil rebellion; Cartagena canton proclaimed, start of the Cantonal rebellion; Spanish Draft Constitution of 1873. Third Carlist War: Carlos VII advances into the Basque provinces.
		The Most Excellent Nicolás Salmerón (1838–1908)	18 July 1873	7 September 1873	7001510000000000000♠51 days	—	Federal Republican	Salmerón	Himself
			—
			Cantonal rebellion: cantonal ships declared as pirates; Provisional Government of the Spanish Federation created by the Cartagena canton; Battle of Chinchilla; start of Siege of Cartagena. Resigned after refusing to sign the death sentences of soldiers tried for collaborating with cantonalists.
		The Most Excellent Emilio Castelar (1832–1899)	7 September 1873	3 January 1874	7002118000000000000♠118 days	—	Federal Republican unitary republican	Castelar	Himself
			—
		The Most Excellent Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre (1810–1885)	3 January 1874	26 February 1874	7001540000000000000♠54 days	—	Constitutional conservative wing	Serrano V	Himself
			—
		The Most Excellent Juan Zavala y de la Puente, 1st Marquess of Sierra Bullones (1804–1879)	26 February 1874	3 September 1874	7002189000000000000♠189 days	– Minister of War	Constitutional conservative wing	Zavala I	Francisco Serrano (1874)
								Zavala II
			—
		The Most Excellent Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1825–1903)	3 September 1874	31 December 1874	7002119000000000000♠119 days	– Minister of Governance	Constitutional progressive wing	Sagasta III
								Sagasta IV
			—
Conservative       Liberal Fusionist/Liberal       Dynastic Left       Conservative Union       Liberal Democrats       Maurist       Military       Patriotic Union       Monarchists
Portrait		Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office Electoral mandates		Days (Years and days)	Other ministerial offices held whilst Prime Minister	Political party	Government	Monarch (Reign)
		The Most Excellent Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1828–1897)	31 December 1874	12 September 1875	7002255000000000000♠255 days	– President of the Ministry-Regency until 1875 – Minister of the Navy during 1875	Conservative	Cánovas I	Alfonso XII (1874–1885)
			—
			President of the Ministry-Regency until King Alfonso XII's return from exile; return of ecclesiastical goods; closure of several opposition newspapers; re-incorporation of military officers expelled during the revolutionary period.
		The Most Excellent Joaquín Jovellar (1819–1892)	12 September 1875	2 December 1875	7001810000000000000♠81 days	– Minister of War	Conservative	Jovellar
			—
			Named to the post to organize the 1876 Constituent Cortes election.
		The Most Excellent Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1828–1897)	2 December 1875	7 March 1879	7003119000000000000♠3 years, 94 days	—	Conservative	Cánovas II
			1876
			End of Third Carlist War; Spanish Constitution of 1876 adopted; abolition of the fueros in the Vascongadas and Navarre; German–Spanish secret agreement for military cooperation; Pact of Zanjón ending Ten Years' War; Alfonso XII married to Mercedes of Orléans, who would die later that year of typhoid fever; 1878 pro-Republican protest in Navalmoral de la Mata; electoral law introducing census suffrage; unsuccessful 1878 assassination attempt on Alfonso XII.
		The Most Excellent Arsenio Martínez Campos (1831–1900)	7 March 1879	9 December 1879	7002277000000000000♠277 days	– Minister of War	Conservative	Martínez Campos
			1879
			Reforms in Cuba resulting from the Pact of Zanjón; outbreak of Little War; Print Law 1979; Alfonso XII married to Maria Christina of Austria.
		The Most Excellent Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1828–1897)	9 December 1879	8 February 1881	7002427000000000000♠1 year, 61 days	– Minister of State during 1880	Conservative	Cánovas III
			—
			Slavery in Cuba abolished; end of Little War; unsuccessful 1879 assassination attempt on Alfonso XII and Maria Christina of Austria; Madrid Conference of 1880; issue of mortgage notes from the Treasury of the island of Cuba; Public Meetings Law 1880; Civil Procedure Law 1881. Resigned after the King refused to sign the Debt Conversion Law 1881.
		The Most Excellent Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1825–1903)	8 February 1881	13 October 1883	7002977000000000000♠2 years, 247 days	—	Liberal Fusionist	Sagasta V
			1881
			First turno Prime Minister. María de las Mercedes becomes Princess of Asturias; Catalan industrialists proters over 1880 Franco–Spanish commercial agreement; progresses in press freedom and labour movement claims; Criminal Procedure Law 1882; commercial agreements with the German and British Empires. The 1883 pro-Republican protests in Badajoz, Santo Domingo de la Calzada and Seo de Urgel, the Paris Incident during Alfonso XII state visit and political pressure from the Dynastic Left led to his resignation.
		The Most Excellent José Posada Herrera (1814–1885)	13 October 1883	18 January 1884	7001970000000000000♠97 days	—	Dynastic Left	Posada Herrera
			—
			Previously President of the Congress of Deputies in 1876–78 and from 1881. Reform of Public Instruction Law; use of shackles abolished in Cuba; creation of Social Reform Commission. Resigned after his rivalry with Sagasta resulted in the loss of a parliamentary vote on the implantation of universal suffrage.
		The Most Excellent Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1828–1897)	18 January 1884	27 November 1885	7002679000000000000♠1 year, 313 days	—	Conservative	Cánovas IV
			1884
			Spanish annexation of Río de Oro; 1885 cholera pandemic; crackdown on pro-Republican protests supporters; 1885 Commercial Code; start of Caroline Crisis; Madrid Protocol of 1885; Pact of El Pardo. Death of King Alfonso XII on 25 November 1885.
		The Most Excellent Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1825–1903)	27 November 1885	5 July 1890	7003168100000000000♠4 years, 220 days	—	Liberal	Sagasta VI	Maria Christina (1886–1902) Regent for Alfonso XIII
								Sagasta VII
								Sagasta VIII
								Sagasta IX
			1886
			Longest Restoration term (Long Parliament). End of Caroline Crisis through the arbitration of Pope Leo XIII; birth of King Alfonso XIII on 17 May 1886; abolition of patronage in Cuba; Associations Law 1887 and legalization of trade unions; 1887 Mediterranean Agreements; Cassola's military service reform to end redemptions; Jurisdiction Law 1888; 1888 Barcelona Universal Exposition; 1889 Civil Code; 1890 electoral law introducing universal manhood suffrage.
		The Most Excellent Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1828–1897)	5 July 1890	11 December 1892	7002890000000000000♠2 years, 159 days	– Minister of the Navy during 1890–1891	Conservative	Cánovas V
								Cánovas VI
			1891
			1890–92 Phylloxera Blight; Weyler's campaign in Mindanao; introduction of 1891 Cánovas Tariff and move of economic policy towards protectionism; Amnesty Law por political offences; 1892 Jerez Insurrection; Plaza Real bombing; surge of Catalan nationalism (Manresa Bases 1892). Resigned after a corruption scandal in the City Council of Madrid prompted a rebellion within his party led by Francisco Silvela.
		The Most Excellent Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1825–1903)	11 December 1892	23 March 1895	7002832000000000000♠2 years, 102 days	—	Liberal	Sagasta X
								Sagasta XI
								Sagasta XII
			1893
			Margallo War; Buenaventura Abarzuza's autonomy plan for the Philippines; unsuccessful administrative decentralization plan for Cuba and Puerto Rico; unsuccessful 1893 assassination attempt on General Martínez Campos; Liceu Bomb. The start of the Cuban War of Independence led to Sagasta's government downfall.
		The Most Excellent Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1828–1897)	23 March 1895	8 August 1897†	7002869000000000000♠2 years, 138 days	—	Conservative	Cánovas VII
			1896
			Rise of Basque nationalism (PNV founded); 1896 Corpus procession bombing; start of Philippine Revolution. †Assassinated by Italian anarchist Michele Angiolillo.
		The Most Excellent Marcelo Azcárraga (1832–1915)	8 August 1897	21 August 1897	7001570000000000000♠57 days	– Minister of War	Conservative	(acting)
			21 August 1897	4 October 1897				Azcárraga I
			—
			Served as Minister of War under Cánovas and as acting Prime Minister following his assassination. He was appointed officeholder on 21 August 1897, before giving way to a new Sagasta government in October 1897.
		The Most Excellent Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1825–1903)	4 October 1897	4 March 1899	7002516000000000000♠1 year, 151 days	– Minister of Development during 1898–1899	Liberal	Sagasta XIII
								Sagasta XIV
			1898
			Approval of 1897 Autonomy Charts for Cuba and Puerto Rico; Pact of Biak-na-Bato; Sinking of USS Maine leading the US to declare war on Spain, starting the Spanish–American War; 1898 Treaty of Paris resulting in the loss of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines.
		The Most Excellent Francisco Silvela (1843–1905)	4 March 1899	23 October 1900	7002598000000000000♠1 year, 233 days	– Minister of State until 1900 – Minister of the Navy from 1900	Conservative Union	Silvela I
								Silvela II
			1899
			1899 German–Spanish Treaty, under which the Caroline Islands and the Northern Mariana Islands were sold to Germany; Silvela–Polavieja agreement for regenerationist reform; Overseas Ministry disestablished; policial crisis over the Princess of Asturias' engagement to Carlos of Bourbon; Fernández Villaverde's tax reform; 1899 taxpayer strike in Barcelona (tancament de caixes); Work Accidents Law 1900; Ministry of Public Instruction established. Silvela's government fell as a result of party division over budgetary balance.
		The Most Excellent Marcelo Azcárraga (1832–1915)	23 October 1900	6 March 1901	7002134000000000000♠134 days	– Minister of the Navy until 1900	Conservative	Azcárraga II
			—
			Princess of Asturias' marriage with Carlos of Bourbon and subsequent protests; Carlist uprisings in some areas of Catalonia, Valencia and Alicante.
		The Most Excellent Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1825–1903)	6 March 1901	6 December 1902	7002640000000000000♠1 year, 275 days	—	Liberal	Sagasta XV
								Sagasta XVI
								Sagasta XVII	Alfonso XIII (1886/1902–1931)
								Sagasta XVIII
			1901
			1901 anti-clerical protests and Royal Decree on Religious Associations; University Autonomy Law 1901; creation of Institute for Work; Alfonso XIII comes of age on 17 May 1902, end of Maria Christina's regency. Resigned due to ill health; died one month after leaving office.
		The Most Excellent Francisco Silvela (1843–1905)	6 December 1902	20 July 1903	7002226000000000000♠226 days	—	Conservative	Silvela III
			1903
			The resignation of Raimundo Fernández Villaverde as Minister of Finance on 26 March 1903 weakened Silvela's government; student protests resulting in the death of two students in Salamanca. Tired, Silvela resigned from all his offices and retired from politics.
		The Most Excellent Raimundo Fernández Villaverde (1848–1905)	20 July 1903	5 December 1903	7002138000000000000♠138 days	—	Conservative	Villaverde I
			—
			Previously President of the Congress of Deputies in 1900–01 and from 1903. Labor conflicts led to a general strike which in Biscay obliged to declare the "state of war".
		The Most Excellent Antonio Maura (1853–1925)	5 December 1903	16 December 1904	7002377000000000000♠1 year, 11 days	—	Conservative	Maura I
			—
			Nozaleda issue; Law on Sunday Rest; 1904 assassination attempt; Spain–Holy See Agreements of 1904; creation of Army Staff. Government crisis over King Alfonso XIII pressures for General Camilo García de Polavieja to become new Chief of the Army Staff ahead of the government's candidate Francisco de Paula Loño y Pérez; resigned shortly afterwards.
		The Most Excellent Marcelo Azcárraga (1832–1915)	16 December 1904	27 January 1905	7001420000000000000♠42 days	– Minister of the Navy until 1905	Conservative	Azcárraga III
			—
			Third and final time as Prime Minister.
		The Most Excellent Raimundo Fernández Villaverde (1848–1905)	27 January 1905	23 June 1905	7002147000000000000♠147 days		Conservative	Villaverde II
			—
			Kept the Cortes closed until June 1905 due to lack of parliamentary support. Resigned after defeats in the Senate (17 June) and Congress (21 June).
		The Most Excellent Eugenio Montero Ríos (1832–1914)	23 June 1905	1 December 1905	7002161000000000000♠161 days	—	Liberal	Montero Ríos I
								Montero Ríos II
			1905
			Unsuccessful 1905 assassination attempt on Alfonso XIII in Paris; ¡Cu-Cut! incident. Resigned after King Alfonso XIII refused to support punishments on the military personnel involved in the attack.
		The Most Excellent Segismundo Moret (1833–1913)	1 December 1905	6 July 1906	7002217000000000000♠217 days	—	Liberal	Moret I
			—
			Algeciras Conference; Jurisdiction Law 1906 redirecting all crimes "against the country or the army" to military justice; massive protests in Catalonia against the law and creation of Catalan Solidarity. Resigned after the unsuccessful 1906 assassination attempt on King Alfonso XIII.
		The Most Excellent José López Domínguez (1829–1911)	6 July 1906	30 November 1906	7002147000000000000♠147 days	– Minister of War until 1906	Liberal	López Dominguez
			—
			The Papelito crisis caused by Segismundo Moret led to the government's downfall.
		The Most Excellent Segismundo Moret (1833–1913)	30 November 1906	4 December 1906	7000400000000000000♠4 days	—	Liberal	Moret II
			—
			Papelito crisis leading to Moret lacking the necessary support to govern. Resigned before a successful vote of no confidence in the Senate was enforced.
		The Most Excellent Antonio Aguilar y Correa, 8th Marquess of la Vega de Armijo (1824–1908)	4 December 1906	25 January 1907	7001520000000000000♠52 days	—	Liberal	Aguilar y Correa
			—
			Previously President of the Congress of Deputies in 1893–95, 1898–99, 1901, 1902–03 and from 1905. His brief tenure was limited to having the 1907 budget passed. The crisis within the Liberal Party led the King to dismiss them from the government.
		The Most Excellent Antonio Maura (1853–1925)	25 January 1907	21 October 1909	7003100000000000000♠2 years, 269 days	—	Conservative	Maura II (Long Government)
			1907
			"Revolution from above". 1907 electoral law, introducing automatic election for candidates running unopposed; Pact of Cartagena; creation of National Insurance Institute; Local Administration and Terrorism Suppression Laws not approved; Hispano-French Exposition of 1908; Second Melillan Campaign and Lobo Canyon Disaster; 1909 Tragic Week in Barcelona. After public outrage over the execution of Francisco Ferrer, King Alfonso XIII withdrew his support from Maura's government, leading to his downfall.
		The Most Excellent Segismundo Moret (1833–1913)	21 October 1909	9 February 1910	7002111000000000000♠111 days	– Minister of Governance	Liberal	Moret III
			—
			His approachment to Alejandro Lerroux's republicans and Melquíades Álvarez's reformists led to a crisis within the Liberals and cost him the support of the King. Resigned after Alfonso XIII refused to sign Moret's decree of dissolution of the Cortes.
		The Most Excellent José Canalejas (1854–1912)	9 February 1910	12 November 1912†	7003100700000000000♠2 years, 277 days	– Minister of Grace and Justice during 1911–1912	Liberal	Canalejas I
								Canalejas II
								Canalejas III
			1910
			Previously President of the Congress of Deputies in 1906–07. 1910–12 restriction of religious congregation establishments (Padlock Law); prohibition of night work for women; Crime of Cuenca; Law of chair recognising women the right to a seat during worktime; industrial courts reform; Third Melillan campaign; Establishment of compulsory military service; 1912 railway strike; draft for Catalan Management Community. †Assassinated by Spanish anarchist Manuel Pardiñas.
		The Most Excellent Manuel García Prieto, 1st Marquess of Alhucemas (1859–1938) Acting Prime Minister	12 November 1912	14 November 1912	7000200000000000000♠2 days	– Minister of State	Liberal	(acting)
			—
			Served as Minister of State under Canalejas and as acting Prime Minister following his assassination.
		The Most Excellent Álvaro Figueroa y Torres, 1st Count of Romanones (1863–1950)	14 November 1912	27 October 1913	7002347000000000000♠347 days	– Minister of Grace and Justice during 1913	Liberal	Romanones I
								Romanones II
			—
			Previously President of the Congress of Deputies from 1910. Treaty Between France and Spain Regarding Morocco; Spanish protectorate in Morocco established; Jebala tribes uprising in Morocco, led by Ahmed er Raisuni.
		The Most Excellent Eduardo Dato (1856–1921)	27 October 1913	9 December 1915	7002773000000000000♠2 years, 43 days	– Minister of Grace and Justice during 1914–1915	Conservative	Dato I
			1914
			Previously President of the Congress of Deputies in 1907–10. Establishment of Catalan Management Community; First World War outbreak, with Spain maintaining neutrality; High Commissioner in Morocco José Marina Vega replaced by Francisco Gómez Jordana.
		The Most Excellent Álvaro Figueroa y Torres, 1st Count of Romanones (1863–1950)	9 December 1915	19 April 1917	7002497000000000000♠1 year, 131 days	– Minister of State during 1916	Liberal	Romanones III
			1916
			Luque y Coca's military reform and creation of the Boards of Defence; Alfonso XIII's refusal to the government's attempted dissolution of the Boards; February Revolution in Russia. U-boat campaign during the War resulting in the sinking of Spanish merchant shipping; his pro-belligerent stance on Germany was unsupported by his allies, leading to his resignation.
		The Most Excellent Manuel García Prieto, 1st Marquess of Alhucemas (1859–1938)	19 April 1917	11 June 1917	7001530000000000000♠53 days	—	Liberal Democrats	García Prieto I
			—
			Start of Spanish Crisis of 1917. Resigned after an attempted crack down on the Boards of Defence led to massive military outcry.
		The Most Excellent Eduardo Dato (1856–1921)	11 June 1917	3 November 1917	7002145000000000000♠145 days	—	Conservative	Dato II
			—
			Spanish Crisis of 1917: Assembly of Parliamentarians and 1917 general strike; outbreak of pistolerismo. Government fell due to pressures from the Boards of Defence.
		The Most Excellent Manuel García Prieto, 1st Marquess of Alhucemas (1859–1938)	3 November 1917	22 March 1918	7002139000000000000♠139 days	– Minister of State	Liberal Democrats	García Prieto II (Lib.Dem.–Lib.rom.–Maur.–Cierv. –LRC until 1918)
			—
			Formed national unity government with members from several ideologies (liberal democrats, conservatives and regionalists); October Revolution in Russia; 1918 flu pandemic; de la Cierva's attempt to legislate in favour of the Boards of Defence; 1918 mail strike.
		The Most Excellent Antonio Maura (1853–1925)	22 March 1918	9 November 1918	7002232000000000000♠232 days	– Minister of Grace and Justice from 1918	Maurist	Maura III (National unity)
			1918§
			§Hung parliament; formed national unity government. 1918 Law of Bases on the inalienability of the civil servants; riots in several cities against high prices (subsistence problems).
		The Most Excellent Manuel García Prieto, 1st Marquess of Alhucemas (1859–1938)	9 November 1918	5 December 1918	7001260000000000000♠26 days	– Minister of Development	Liberal Democrats	García Prieto III
			—
			End of First World War; start of Catalan autonomist campaign of 1918–19.
		The Most Excellent Álvaro Figueroa y Torres, 1st Count of Romanones (1863–1950)	5 December 1918	15 April 1919	7002131000000000000♠131 days	– Minister of State	Liberal	Romanones IV
			—
			The Bolshevik Three Years in Andalusia; La Canadiense strike; public pension system established; Eight-hour day Decree.
		The Most Excellent Antonio Maura (1853–1925)	15 April 1919	20 July 1919	7001960000000000000♠96 days	—	Maurist	Maura IV (Maur.–Cierv.–Lib.)
			—
			Called a general election for June 1919, but failed to win an outright majority. Unrecognized by the Conservatives as their leader, his government fell shortly thereafter.
		The Most Excellent Joaquín Sánchez de Toca (1852–1942)	20 July 1919	12 December 1919	7002145000000000000♠145 days	—	Conservative	Sánchez de Toca
			1919§
			Creation of Sindicatos Libres. Social tensions and pressure from the Boards of Defence led to the government's downfall.
		The Most Excellent Manuel Allendesalazar (1856–1923)	12 December 1919	5 May 1920	7002145000000000000♠145 days	– Minister of the Navy from 1920	Conservative	Allendesalazar I (Con.–Lib.)
			—
			League of Nations founded; first newly-approved budget since 1914.
		The Most Excellent Eduardo Dato (1856–1921)	5 May 1920	8 March 1921†	7002307000000000000♠307 days	– Minister of the Navy	Conservative	Dato III
			1920§
			Ministry of Labour created; start of Rif War; Severiano Martínez's state terror campaign on trade unionists. †Assassinated by Spanish anarchist Pedro Mateu.
		The Most Excellent Gabino Bugallal, 2nd Count of Bugallal (1861–1932) Acting Prime Minister	8 March 1921	13 March 1921	7000500000000000000♠5 days	– Minister of Governance	Conservative	(acting)
			—
			Served as Minister of Governance under Dato in 1920–21 and as acting Prime Minister following his assassination.
		The Most Excellent Manuel Allendesalazar (1856–1923)	13 March 1921	14 August 1921	7002154000000000000♠154 days	—	Conservative	Allendesalazar II
			—
			Disaster of Annual. After losing Conservative support in favour of Maura, his government resigned.
		The Most Excellent Antonio Maura (1853–1925)	14 August 1921	8 March 1922	7002206000000000000♠206 days	—	Maurist	Maura V (Con.–Lib.–LRC)
			—
			Rif Republic established. Resigned after refusing to accept the Liberals, Republicans and Socialists' demand to restitute the constitutional guarantees (suspended since 1919).
		The Most Excellent José Sánchez-Guerra (1859–1935)	8 March 1922	7 December 1922	7002274000000000000♠274 days	– Minister of War from 1922	Conservative	Sánchez-Guerra (Con.–LRC)
			—
			Previously President of the Congress of Deputies from 1919. 1922 postal officials strike; crisis over the Picasso report. After opposition parties censured Allendesalazar and Sánchez-Guerra's government during the report's debate in the Congress, he tendered his resignation to the King.
		The Most Excellent Manuel García Prieto, 1st Marquess of Alhucemas (1859–1938)	7 December 1922	15 September 1923	7002282000000000000♠282 days	—	Liberal Democrats	García Prieto IV
			1923
			Attempted liberal reform of the Restoration system; killing of Archbishop of Barcelona Juan Soldevilla; Primo de Rivera's coup d'etat.
		The Most Excellent Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquess of Estella (1870–1930)	15 September 1923	3 December 1925	7003232900000000000♠6 years, 137 days	– President of the Military Directory until 1925 – Minister of State during 1927–1928 – Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1928	Military	Military Directory
			3 December 1925	30 January 1930			Patriotic Union	Civil Directory
			—
			Establishment of an authoritarian military dictatorship and suppression of the 1876 Constitution. National Somatén Decree; Municipal Statute of 1924; Patriotic Union created; Provincial Statute of 1925; Alhucemas landing and end of the Rif War; 1926 coup d'etat attempt (Sanjuanada); creation of Telefónica, CAMPSA, National Circuit Special Firms and of hydrographic confederations; 1928 Penal Code; 1929 Ibero-American and Barcelona International Expositions; draft Constitution of 1929 (Fundamental Statute of the Monarchy); 1929 coup d'etat attempt; Great Depression. Resigned after growing political and social unrest, mounting economic problems, the withdrawal of support from the King and the Armed Forces and the impending threat of a new coup attempt, ending the dictatorship. Died two months after leaving office.
		The Most Excellent Dámaso Berenguer, 1st Count of Xauen (1873–1953)	30 January 1930	18 February 1931	7002384000000000000♠1 year, 19 days	– Minister of the Army	Military	Berenguer
			—
			Dictablanda. Government promises to call for elections and restore the Constitution; Pact of San Sebastián; Jaca Uprising. Rejection from political parties to participate in a Restoration-style general election led to his resignation.
		The Most Excellent Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas (1860–1933)	18 February 1931	14 April 1931	7001550000000000000♠55 days	—	Monarchist	Aznar-Cabañas
			—
			Republican victory in the 1931 local elections leading to the government's resignation; the Second Spanish Republic and Provisional Government established; Alfonso XIII flees the country into exile.
DLR       AR       PRR       Independent       IR       UR       PSOE
Portrait		Name Honorifics & Constituency (Birth–Death)	Term of office Electoral mandates		Days (Years and days)	Other ministerial offices held whilst Prime Minister	Political party	Government	President (Term)
		The Most Excellent Niceto Alcalá-Zamora (1877–1949)	14 April 1931	14 October 1931	7002183000000000000♠183 days	—	DLR	Provisional I (Republican coalition)	Himself
			—
			Statute of the Provisional Government; Francesc Macià proclaims the Catalan Republic within the Iberian Confederation; the Generalitat de Catalunya is re-established; 1931 Burning of Convents and subsequent May Decrees for Church and State Separation in Education; freedom of worship and conscience in schools; Azaña's military reform (Azaña Law); Largo Caballero's Agrarian Decrees; draft Basque–Navarrese Statute (Statute of Estella).
		The Most Excellent Manuel Azaña (1880–1940)	14 October 1931	16 December 1931	7001630000000000000♠63 days	– Minister of War	AR	Provisional II (Azaña I) (Republican coalition)	Himself
			1931§
			Defense of the Republic Law 1931; Labor Contracts Law; Mixed Juries Law; Spanish Constitution of 1931 adopted.
		The Most Excellent Manuel Azaña (1880–1940)	16 December 1931	12 June 1933	7002636000000000000♠1 year, 270 days	– Minister of War	AR	Azaña II (AR–PSOE–PRRS–ERC–ORGA)	Niceto Alcalá-Zamora (1931–1936)
			12 June 1933	12 September 1933				Azaña III (AR–PSOE–PRRS–ERC–ORGA–PRDF)
			—
			Reformist Biennium. 1932 Catalonia Statute of Autonomy; Divorce Law 1932; 1932 coup d'état attempt (La Sanjurjada); Agrarian Reform Law 1932; Income Tax introduced; January 1933 anarchist uprising and Casas Viejas incident; Public Order Law 1933; Confessions and Religious Congregations Law 1933; creation of Constitutional Guarantees Court; introduction of women's suffrage. President Niceto Alcalá-Zamora withdrew his support from the government after an unsuccessful vote of no confidence, causing its downfall.
		The Most Excellent Alejandro Lerroux (1864–1949)	12 September 1933	9 October 1933	7001270000000000000♠27 days	—	PRR	Lerroux I (PRR–PRRS–IRS–ERC–AR–ORGA)
			—
			Named to the post after Azaña's resignation. Resigned after failing to form a stable government.
		The Most Excellent Diego Martínez Barrio (1883–1962)	9 October 1933	16 December 1933	7001680000000000000♠68 days	—	PRR	Martínez Barrio I (PRR–PRRS–IRS–ERC–AR–ORGA–PP)
			—
			Named to the post to organize the 1933 election.
		The Most Excellent Alejandro Lerroux (1864–1949)	16 December 1933	3 March 1934	7002133000000000000♠133 days	—	PRR	Lerroux II (PRR–PAE–PP–PLD)
			3 March 1934	28 April 1934				Lerroux III (PRR–PAE–PP–PLD)
			1933§
			Start of Black Biennium. December 1933 anarchist uprising; gained support from CEDA to govern. President Niceto Alcalá-Zamora's attempt to veto the Amnesty Law 1934 (releasing all involved in the 1932 coup d'etat from prison) led to his resignation.
		The Most Excellent Ricardo Samper (1881–1938)	28 April 1934	4 October 1934	7002159000000000000♠159 days	—	PRR	Samper (PRR–PAE–PP–PLD)
			—
			1934 day laborers' strike; Barcelona–Madrid political crisis over Constitutional Guarantees Court's nullification of the 1934 Catalan Crop Contracts Law. Resigned after pressures from CEDA.
		The Most Excellent Alejandro Lerroux (1864–1949)	4 October 1934	3 April 1935	7002356000000000000♠356 days	– Minister of War until 1935	PRR	Lerroux IV (PRR–CEDA–PAE–PLD)
			3 April 1935	6 May 1935				Lerroux V (PRR–PP)
			6 May 1935	25 September 1935				Lerroux VI (PRR–CEDA–PAE–PLD)
			—
			CEDA's incorporation into the government. 1934 Asturian miners' strike (Revolution of 1934); proclamation of Catalan State and government's crack down on uprisings (Events of October the 6th); suspension of the Catalonia Statute of Autonomy; Agrarian Reform Law 1935. PRR–CEDA divisions over an attempted constitutional reform and the Catalan issue led to his resignation as Prime Minister.
		The Most Excellent Joaquín Chapaprieta (1871–1951)	25 September 1935	14 December 1935	7001800000000000000♠80 days	– Minister of Finance	Independent	Chapaprieta I (PRR–CEDA–PAE–LlC)
								Chapaprieta II (PRR–CEDA–PAE–LlC)
			—
			The Straperlo and Nombela corruption scandals led to CEDA withdrawing support from the government and causing its fall.
		The Most Excellent Manuel Portela Valladares (1867–1952)	14 December 1935	30 December 1935	7001670000000000000♠67 days	– Minister of Governance	Independent	Portela I (PRR–LlC–PLD–PP)
			30 December 1935	19 February 1936				Portela II (Centr.–PP)
			—
			Coup d'etat attempt on 17–18 February; Popular Front victory in the 1936 election.
		The Most Excellent Manuel Azaña (1880–1940)	19 February 1936	10 May 1936	7001810000000000000♠81 days	—	IR	Azaña IV (IR–UR)
			1936§
			Elected to the post after the Popular Front victory. Amnesty Law releasing all involved in the 1934 events; restoration of the Generalitat de Catalunya; removal of Alcalá-Zamora as President of the Republic. Left the office to become new President.
		The Most Excellent Augusto Barcía Trelles (1881–1961) Acting Prime Minister	10 May 1936	13 May 1936	7000300000000000000♠3 days	– Minister of State	IR	(acting) (IR–UR)	Manuel Azaña (1936–1939)
			—
			Served as Minister of State under Azaña and as acting Prime Minister following his resignation.
		The Most Excellent Santiago Casares Quiroga (1884–1950)	13 May 1936	19 July 1936	7001670000000000000♠67 days	– Minister of War	IR	Casares Quiroga (IR–UR–ERC)
			—
			1936 Galicia autonomy referendum and ratification of the 1936 Galician Statute of Autonomy (implementation aborted as a result of the Civil War outbreak). Political unrest leading to the killings of José Castillo and José Calvo Sotelo; Spanish coup of July 1936. Resigned after proving incapable of confronting the uprising.
		The Most Excellent Diego Martínez Barrio (1883–1962)	19 July 1936	19 July 1936	5000000000000000000♠0 days	—	UR	Martínez Barrio II (UR–IR–PNR–ERC)
			—
			Never confirmed, took on the role as incumbent President of the Cortes; failed negotiation attempt with the Nationalists; Spanish Civil War outbreak. To date the shortest-serving Prime Minister.
		The Most Excellent José Giral (1879–1962)	19 July 1936	4 September 1936	7001470000000000000♠47 days	– Minister of the Navy	IR	Giral (IR–UR–ERC)
			—
			Spanish Civil War: Non-Intervention Agreement and Committee by European powers (August 1936); massacrees of Badajoz and Modelo prison in Madrid; Siege of the Alcázar and Extremaduran and Gipuzkoa campaigns. Outbreak of Spanish Revolution of 1936. Resigned after the Fall of Talavera allowed the Nationalists to lay siege to Madrid.
		The Most Excellent Francisco Largo Caballero (1869–1946)	4 September 1936	4 November 1936	7002255000000000000♠255 days	– Minister of War	PSOE	Caballero I (PSOE–IR–PCE–UR–ERC–PNV)
			4 November 1936	17 May 1937				Caballero II (PSOE–CNT–IR–PCE–UR–ERC–PNV)
			—
			1936 Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country; expropriation and nationalization of land. Spanish Civil War: Fernando Poo island revolt; 1936 Battle of Cape Spartel; International Brigades created; start of Siege of Madrid; the Republican government moves to Valencia on 7 November 1936; Battle of Ciudad Universitaria; Aceituna Campaign; Paracuellos and Málaga–Almería road massacres; Battles of Jarama and Guadalajara; start of Biscay Campaign and War in the North; Bombing of Guernica; 1937 May Days and end of Spanish Revolution.
		The Most Excellent Juan Negrín (1892–1956)	17 May 1937	5 April 1938	7002683000000000000♠1 year, 318 days	– Minister of Finance and Economy until 1938 – Minister of National Defence from 1938	PSOE	Negrín I (PSOE–IR–PCE–UR–ERC–PNV)
			5 April 1938	31 March 1939				Negrín II (PSOE–IR–PCE–UR–ERC–ANV–CNT –PSUC from 1938)
			—						Diego Martínez Barrio (1939) Acting President
			Spanish Civil War: Fall of Bilbao; Battle of Brunete; Zaragoza Offensive; Sovereign Council of Asturias and León proclaimed; Asturias Offensive; Battles of Teruel and Cape Palos; Aragon and Levante Offensives; Thirteenth Points of Negrín; Battle of the Ebro; disbandment of the International Brigades; Catalonia Offensive; resignation of President Manuel Azaña on 27 February 1939; Segismundo Casado's coup d'etat and establishment of the National Defence Council under José Miaja on 5 March. Final offensive of the Spanish Civil War.
No party       National Movement
Portrait		Name Honorifics & Constituency (Birth–Death)	Term of office Electoral mandates		Days (Years and days)	Other ministerial offices held whilst Prime Minister	Political party	Government	Head of State (Term)
		His Excellency Generalissimo Francisco Franco (1892–1975)	Franco Dictatorship		7004129150000000000♠35 years, 131 days	– Caudillo	No party (Military/National Movement)	Franco I	Francisco Franco (1936–1975)
			31 January 1938	11 June 1973				Franco II
								Franco III
								Franco IV
								Franco V
								Franco VI
								Franco VII
								Franco VIII
			—
			Head of State and of Government within the Nationalist faction since 1 October 1936. Republican defeat in 1939 (end of Spanish Civil War); establishment of an autocratic one-party military dictatorship. White Terror; 1939–59 Spanish Autarky; Spanish Maquis; non-belligerency during the Second World War; Hendaye Meeting; nationalization of Spanish railways and creation of RENFE; signing of Anti-Comintern Pact; Begoña Bombing; Fundamental Laws of the Realm; Laurel Incident; Endesa founded; Spanish Question; beginning of the Cold War; 1947 law of succession referendum; Obligatory Old-Age and Disability Insurance (SOVI); Spain entry to the United Nations; Concordat of 1953; Pact of Madrid; TVE incorporated; independence of Morocco and Ifni War; Valle de los Caídos built; Stabilization Plan of 1959 and 1959–74 Spanish Miracle; ETA and FRAP are created (start of Basque conflict); 1962 Asturian miners' strike; Spanish Methanol Poisonings; Public Order Courts established; creation of social security system (Social Security Bases Law 1963 and General Social Security Law 1966); Palomares Incident; Press and Print Law 1966; 1966 organic law referendum; decolonization of Spanish Guinea; Eurovision Song Contest 1969; closure of Gibraltar–Spain border; Juan Carlos de Bourbon named Prince of Spain and Franco's heir apparent; Matesa affair; Burgos Trial of 1970; General Education Law 1970.
		The Most Excellent Luis Carrero Blanco (1904–1973)	11 June 1973	20 December 1973†	7002192000000000000♠192 days	—	National Movement	Carrero Blanco
			—
			1973 Penal Code. †Assassinated by ETA members six months after taking office (last Prime Minister to die while in office).
		The Most Excellent Torcuato Fernández-Miranda (1915–1980) Acting Prime Minister	20 December 1973	29 December 1973	7000900000000000000♠9 days	– Deputy Prime Minister – Minister-Secretary General of the Movement	National Movement	(acting)
			—
			Served as Deputy Prime Minister under Carrero Blanco and as acting Prime Minister following his assassination.
		The Most Excellent Carlos Arias Navarro (1908–1989)	29 December 1973	22 November 1975	7002693000000000000♠1 year, 328 days	—	National Movement	Arias Navarro I
			—
			Appointed to the office as a result of the assassination of Luis Carrero Blanco; served as interim until 3 January 1974. 1973–74 oil crisis; Spirit of 12 February; Carnation Revolution in Portugal; Military Democratic Union founded; garroting of Catalan anarchist Salvador Puig Antich; Cafetería Rolando bombing; launching of the PCE-led Democratic Junta and the PSOE-led Democratic Convergence Platform; last use of capital punishment in Spain; Green March and Madrid Accords ending Spanish presence in the Sahara. Death of Francisco Franco on 20 November 1975.
National Movement       UCD       PSOE       PP
Portrait		Name Honorifics & Constituency (Birth–Death)	Term of office Electoral mandates		Days (Years and days)	Other ministerial offices held whilst Prime Minister	Political party	Government	Monarch (Reign)
		The Most Excellent Carlos Arias Navarro (1908–1989)	22 November 1975	1 July 1976	7002222000000000000♠222 days	—	National Movement	Arias Navarro I	Juan Carlos I (1975–2014)
								Arias Navarro II
			—
			Confirmed by King Juan Carlos I after Franco's death. Vitoria and Montejurra massacres. Disagreements over political and democratic reform led to the King demanding his resignation, which he tendered.
		The Most Excellent Fernando de Santiago (1910–1994) Acting Prime Minister	1 July 1976	3 July 1976	7000200000000000000♠2 days	– First Deputy Prime Minister for Defence Affairs	National Movement	(acting)
			—
			Served as First Deputy Prime Minister for Defence Affairs under Arias Navarro and as acting Prime Minister following his resignation.
		The Most Excellent Adolfo Suárez (1932–2014)	3 July 1976	4 July 1977	7003169800000000000♠4 years, 237 days	—	National Movement	Suárez I
			4 July 1977	25 February 1981			UCD	Suárez II
								Suárez III
			1977§ 1979§
			Appointed in 1976 by King Juan Carlos I after Arias Navarro's resignation. First Prime Minister appointed by a democratically elected parliament since the Second Republic. Spanish transition to democracy; 1976 political reform referendum; Political Reform Law 1977; Massacre of Atocha; PCE legalized; Amnesty Law 1977; Moncloa Pact; Spanish Constitution of 1978 adopted after its approval and ratification in referendum; Operation Galaxia; Spain–Holy See Agreements of 1979; first autonomy referenda in Andalusia, Basque Country, Catalonia and Galicia; Constitutional Court of Spain established; Alonsotegi bombing; 1979 energy crisis and early 1980s recession; unsuccessful 1980 vote of no confidence. Resignation announced on 29 January 1981, remaining in the post as a caretaker until Calvo-Sotelo's appointment.
		The Most Excellent Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo (1926–2008)	25 February 1981	2 December 1982	7002645000000000000♠1 year, 280 days	—	UCD	Calvo-Sotelo
			—
			Served as Second Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economic Affairs under Suárez in 1980–81, succeeding him after his resignation. 1981 failed coup d'état during investiture. Divorce legalized; Spain entry to NATO; toxic oil syndrome scandal; change of national flag; 1981 autonomic pacts; 1982 coup d'état attempt.
		The Most Excellent Felipe González (born 1942)	2 December 1982	5 May 1996	7003490300000000000♠13 years, 155 days	—	PSOE	González I
								González II
								González III
								González IV
			1982 1986 1989 1993§
			Expropriation of Rumasa in 1983. Social security reforms leading to the establishment of a welfare state in Spain, including: 40-hour week, free and compulsory education and fixed-term contracts; decriminalization of abortion and creation of the National Health System. Reorganization of the Spanish Armed Forces to deal with military insurrectionism; industrial reconversion program; Flick affair; re-opening of Gibraltar–Spain border; 1985 El Descanso bombing; introduction of VAT; NATO membership referendum; Spain entry to the EEC; Plaza República Dominicana bombing; unsuccessful 1987 vote of no confidence; Hipercor bombing; Inheritance and Donation Taxes introduced; 1988 general strike; Collapse of Communism and dissolution of the USSR; legalization of private TV channels and temporary employment agencies; Education Law 1990 (LOGSE); Gulf War; ratification of the Maastricht Treaty; Barcelona 1992 Summer Olympics and Seville Expo '92; inauguration of AVE Madrid–Seville line; §Hung parliament; minority government reliant on CiU support. 1993 economic crisis; 1993 EEA Agreement; corruption scandals (Filesa, Luis Roldán, CESID espionage); 1994 general strike; Turbot War; pension system reform (1995 Toledo Pact); Corporate Tax introduced; 1995 Penal Code and abolition of the death penalty. Public outcry after the unveiling of GAL actions and withdrawal of CiU support led to the calling of a snap election in 1996, which was won by the PP.
		The Most Excellent José María Aznar (born 1953)	5 May 1996	17 April 2004	7003290400000000000♠7 years, 348 days	—	PP	Aznar I
								Aznar II
			1996§ 2000
			§Hung parliament; minority government reliant on CiU (Majestic Agreement) and CC support, initially including the PNV. Killing of Miguel Ángel Blanco and subsequent public outcry (Spirit of Ermua); privatization of many previously government-owned industries (Telefónica, Repsol YPF, Endesa and Tabacalera); 1997 economic boom; Doñana disaster; Land Law 1998; Non-Residents Income Tax introduced; 1998–99 ETA's ceasefire declaration; introduction of the euro; NATO bombing of Yugoslavia; Civil Procedure Law 2000; compulsory military service abolished; Immigration Law 2000; 2000–01 Mad Cow disease outbreak; 2001 Organic Law on Universities; 11 September attacks and support of US War in Afghanistan; National Hydrological Plan; Political Parties Law 2002 and banning of Batasuna; cuts in unemployment benefits resulting in a general strike in 2002; Perejil Island crisis; Prestige oil spill and Nunca Máis movement; Education Law 2002 (LOCE); Bush–Aznar memo; 2003 Iraq War and subsequent protests; Yak-42 air flight accident; 2004 Madrid train bombings.
		The Most Excellent José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (born 1960)	17 April 2004	21 December 2011	7003280400000000000♠7 years, 248 days	—	PSOE	Zapatero I
								Zapatero II
			2004§ 2008§
			§Hung parliaments. Spanish forces leave Iraq in 2004; social reforms (Gender Violence and Dependent Care Laws; same-sex marriage legalized); European Constitution referendum; Ibarretxe Plan; 2006 ETA's ceasefire and Madrid–Barajas Airport bombing; 2006–07 Statute of Autonomy reforms and new Catalonia Statute; Marbella City Council dissolution; Education Law 2006 (LOE); 2007 diplomatic conflicts with Venezuela and Morocco; ratification of the Lisbon Treaty; Historical Memory Law; Iñaki de Juana Chaos hunger strike and release; financial crisis of 2008–11; 2008 transport strike; Expo 2008; 2009 flu pandemic; 2009 Alakrana attack; retirement age increased to 67; labour market reform of 2010 and subsequent general strike; reform of abortion to a deadline-based scheme; "state of alarm" declared during the 2010 air traffic controllers strike; military intervention in Libya (Operation Unified Protector); 15-M anti-austerity movement; 2011 constitutional reform on budgetary stability; ETA's permanent ceasefire declaration and end of Basque conflict.
		The Most Excellent Mariano Rajoy (born 1955)	21 December 2011	Incumbent	7003206500000000000♠5 years, 238 days	—	PP	Rajoy I
								Rajoy II	Felipe VI (2014–present)
			2011 2015§ 2016§
			2012 labour market reform; budget cuts to public services (health and education); 2012 Asturian miners' strike; partial nationalization of Bankia, banking system crisis and bailout; start of Catalan sovereigntist process; 2012 general strikes; Parot doctrine repealed by the European Court of Human Rights; PP corruption scandals (Bárcenas affair, Púnica, Lezo); Santiago de Compostela derailment; Education Law 2013 (LOMCE); Islamic terrorism in Europe; abdication of Juan Carlos I; 2014 Ebola disease outbreak; 2014 Catalan self-determination referendum; Citizen Security Law 2015 (Gag Law); introduction of life imprisonment; Podemos and C's surge. §Hung parliaments; his second government was allowed by PSOE's abstention after 315 days in caretaker capacity. Gürtel case trial; ETA's disarmament; Banco Santander rescue of Banco Popular Español; unsuccessful 2017 vote of no confidence.

Timeline

See also

• Prime Minister of Spain
• List of Spanish monarchs
• List of heads of state of Spain
• President of the Republic (Spain)
• List of Spanish regents