List of municipalities in New Brunswick

Map of Canada with New Brunswick highlighted in red
Location of New Brunswick in Canada
Map showing locations of all of New Brunswick's municipalities
Distribution of New Brunswick's 107 municipalities and rural communities by municipal status type

New Brunswick is the eighth-most populous province in Canada with 747,101 residents as of the 2016 Census, and the third-smallest province in land area at 71,389 km2 (27,563 sq mi).[1] New Brunswick's 107 municipalities[2] cover only 9.9% of the province's land mass but are home to 68.7% of its population.

Municipalities in New Brunswick may incorporate under the Municipalities Act of 1973 as a city, town, village, regional municipality, or rural community.[3] Municipal governments are led by elected councils and are responsible for the delivery of services such as civic administration, land use planning, emergency measures, policing, road, and garbage collection.[4] New Brunswick has 8 cities, 26 towns, 65 villages, 1 regional municipality, and 7 rural communities.[4][5] Although rural communities are under the Municipalities Act, the provincial government distinguishes them from municipalities.[6]

In 1785, Saint John became the first community in what would eventually become Canada to incorporate as a city.[7] Moncton is New Brunswick's largest municipality by population with 71,889 residents and Saint John is the largest urban municipality by land area at 315.96 km2 (121.99 sq mi).[8] Approximately one-third of the residents of New Brunswick do not live in municipalities but reside in local service districts, which are unincorporated communities administered by the Minister of Environment and Local Government and have no local government of their own.[4]

Cities

The Lieutenant-Governor in Council may incorporate a town as a city under the Municipal Act if it has a population of at least 10,000.[3] Cities already in existence on January 1, 1967 continue to be incorporated regardless of population.[3] New Brunswick had eight cities that had a cumulative population of 275,965 in the 2016 Census.[8] Moncton is New Brunswick's largest city by population with 71,889 residents and Saint John is the largest by land area 315.96 km2 (121.99 sq mi) respectively.[8] Campbellton is New Brunswick's smallest city by population and land area with 6,883 residents and 18.58 km2 (7.17 sq mi).[8]

Towns

The Lieutenant-Governor in Council may incorporate a village as a town under the Municipal Act if it has a population of 1,500 or more, and provides a level of services that the Minister of Environment and Local Government considers appropriate.[3] Towns already in existence on January 1, 1967 continue to be incorporated regardless of population.[3] New Brunswick had 26 towns that had a cumulative population of 128,746 in the 2016 Census.[8] New Brunswick's largest town by population is Riverview with 19,667 residents and largest town by area is Sackville with a land area of 74.17 km2 (28.64 sq mi).[8] New Brunswick's smallest town by population is Nackawic with 941 residents and the smallest by land area is Saint-Quentin at 4.24 km2 (1.64 sq mi).[8]

Villages

In the 2016 Census, New Brunswick's 65 villages had a cumulative population of 72,880.[8] New Brunswick's largest village by population is Memramcook with 4,778 residents and largest village by area is Belledune with a land area of 189.47 km2 (73.15 sq mi).[8] New Brunswick's smallest village by population is Meductic with 173 residents and the smallest by land area is Bath at 2.00 km2 (0.77 sq mi).[8]

Regional municipalities

New Brunswick's first and only regional municipality was incorporated on May 12, 2014.[9] The Regional Municipality of Tracadie was formed through the amalgamation of the former Town of Tracadie–Sheila, eighteen local service districts and portions of two other local service districts.[9] Regional municipalities must have a population greater than 15,000 and a community grouping that includes at least one municipality.[4] Regional municipalities elect a local council but are responsible only for community administration, planning and emergency measures services, and all services previously provided by any former municipality that is now part of the regional municipality.[4] The Province of New Brunswick is responsible for police protection and road services, unless the regional municipality chooses to assume these responsibilities.[4]

Rural communities

New Brunswick seven rural communities, an increase from four as of the 2011 census following the incorporations of Kedgwick in 2012 and Cocagne and Hanwell in 2014.[lower-alpha 1] These seven rural communities had a cumulative population of 19,616 in the 2016 Census.[8] New Brunswick's largest and smallest rural communities are Beaubassin East and Saint-André with populations of 6,376 and 772 respectively.[8] Rural communities elect local councils and are responsible for the delivery of some local services, including administrative services, community planning and emergency measures.[4] The province of New Brunswick ensures the delivery of other services including solid waste collection and recreation services unless the rural community chooses to take on these responsibilities.[4] Rural communities that include a former village or town are an exception, as they are responsible to provide all services that were previously provided by their former municipality.[4]

Haut-Madawaska

In a 2016 plebiscite, the residents of six parishes (Baker Brook, Clair, Lac Baker, Madawaska, Saint-François, and Saint-Hilaire) and four villages (Baker Brook, Clair, Saint-François de Madawaska and Saint-Hilaire) within the New Brunswick Panhandle voted 493 to 299 in favour of incorporating a new rural community under the name of Haut-Madawaska.[13] The plebiscite was the second in as many years. In 2015, a similar plebiscite was held that also included a fifth village, Lac Baker. The residents of all communities involved voted in favour of incorporation as a rural community with the exception of Lac Baker's residents, thereby defeating the proposal.[14]

List of municipalities

Name Municipal type Incorporation
date[15]		 2016 Census of Population[8]
Population
(2016)		 Population
(2011)		 Change
 Land area
(km²)		 Population
density
Bathurst City 1912 11,897 12,275 −3.1% 92.04 129.3/km2
Campbellton City 1888 6,883 7,385 −6.8% 18.58 370.5/km2
Dieppe City 195225,384 23,310 +8.9% 54.05 469.6/km2
Edmundston City 1952 16,580 16,032 +3.4% 106.85 155.2/km2
Fredericton City 184858,220 56,224 +3.6% 132.57 439.2/km2
Miramichi City 1995 17,537 17,811 −1.5% 179.47 97.7/km2
Moncton City 189071,889 69,074 +4.1% 141.92 506.5/km2
Saint John City 178567,575 70,063 −3.6% 315.96 213.9/km2
Beresford Town19674,288 4,351 −1.4% 19.41 220.9/km2
Bouctouche Town19662,361 2,423 −2.6% 18.09 130.5/km2
Caraquet Town 1961 4,248 4,169 +1.9% 68.35 62.2/km2
Dalhousie Town 19053,126 3,512 −11.0% 15.22 205.4/km2
Florenceville-Bristol Town 2008 1,604 1,639 −2.1% 15.62 102.7/km2
Grand Bay-Westfield Town 19984,964 5,117 −3.0% 59.78 83.0/km2
Grand Falls Town 1890 5,326 5,706 −6.7% 18.09 294.4/km2
Hampton Town 1966 4,289 4,292 −0.1% 21.09 203.4/km2
Hartland Town 1918 957 947 +1.1% 9.45 101.3/km2
Lamèque Town 19661,285 1,432 −10.3% 12.51 102.7/km2
Nackawic Town 1976941 1,049 −10.3% 7.89 119.3/km2
Oromocto Town 19569,223 8,932 +3.3% 22.44 411.0/km2
Quispamsis Town 196618,245 17,941 +1.7% 57.21 318.9/km2
Richibucto Town 19661,266 1,286 −1.6% 11.93 106.1/km2
Riverview Town 197319,667 19,128 +2.8% 35.45 554.8/km2
Rothesay Town 1988 11,659 11,892 −2.0% 34.72 335.8/km2
Sackville Town 19035,331 5,558 −4.1% 74.17 71.9/km2
Saint Andrews Town19031,786 1,889 −5.5% 8.35 213.9/km2
St. George Town 1904 1,517 1,543 −1.7% 16.17 93.8/km2
Saint-Léonard Town19201,300 1,343 −3.2% 5.22 249.0/km2
Saint-Quentin Town19472,194 2,095 +4.7% 4.24 517.5/km2
St. Stephen Town1973[lower-alpha 2] 4,415 4,817 −8.3% 13.52 326.6/km2
Shediac Town19036,664 6,053 +10.1% 53.95 123.5/km2
Shippagan Town19472,580 2,631 −1.9% 10.02 257.5/km2
Sussex Town 19044,282 4,312 −0.7% 8.95 478.4/km2
Woodstock Town 1856 5,228 5,254 −0.5% 14.65 356.9/km2
Alma Village 1966 213 232 −8.2% 47.60 4.5/km2
Aroostook Village1966 306 351 −12.8% 2.23 137.2/km2
Atholville Village 1966 3,570 3,778 −5.5% 119.60 29.8/km2
Baker Brook Village 1967564 585 −3.6% 12.27 46.0/km2
Balmoral Village 19721,674 1,719 −2.6% 43.39 38.6/km2
Bas-Caraquet Village 19661,305 1,380 −5.4% 31.01 42.1/km2
Bath Village 1966476 532 −10.5% 2.00 238.0/km2
Belledune Village 19681,417 1,548 −8.5% 189.47 7.5/km2
Bertrand Village 19681,166 1,142 +2.1% 57.44 20.3/km2
Blacks Harbour Village1972894 982 −9.0% 9.06 98.7/km2
Blackville Village1966958 990 −3.2% 21.13 45.3/km2
Cambridge-Narrows Village1966562 620 −9.4% 107.19 5.2/km2
Canterbury Village1966336 336 0.0% 5.33 63.0/km2
Cap-Pelé Village19692,425 2,256 +7.5% 23.36 103.8/km2
Centreville Village1966557 542 +2.8% 2.67 208.6/km2
Charlo Village19661,310 1,324 −1.1% 31.30 41.9/km2
Chipman Village19661,104 1,236 −10.7% 19.02 58.0/km2
Clair Village1966781 857 −8.9% 10.61 73.6/km2
Doaktown Village1966792 793 −0.1% 29.07 27.2/km2
Dorchester Village19661,096 1,167 −6.1% 5.79 189.3/km2
Drummond Village 1967737 775 −4.9% 8.90 82.8/km2
Eel River Crossing Village19661,953 2,032 −3.9% 65.48 29.8/km2
Fredericton Junction Village1966704 752 −6.4% 23.85 29.5/km2
Gagetown Village1966711 698 +1.9% 49.47 14.4/km2
Grand Manan Village 19952,360 2,377 −0.7% 152.77 15.4/km2
Grande-Anse Village 1968899 738 +21.8% 24.33 37.0/km2
Harvey Village 1966358 363 −1.4% 2.45 146.1/km2
Hillsborough Village 19661,277 1,350 −5.4% 12.83 99.5/km2
Lac Baker Village 1967690 719 −4.0% 37.18 18.6/km2
Le Goulet Village 1986793 817 −2.9% 5.49 144.4/km2
Maisonnette Village 1986495 573 −13.6% 12.90 38.4/km2
McAdam Village19661,151 1,284 −10.4% 14.28 80.6/km2
Meductic Village1966173 228 −24.1% 6.67 25.9/km2
Memramcook Village19954,778 4,831 −1.1% 187.67 25.5/km2
Millville Village1966273 307 −11.1% 12.15 22.5/km2
Minto Village19662,305 2,505 −8.0% 31.68 72.8/km2
Neguac Village19671,684 1,678 +0.4% 26.75 63.0/km2
New Maryland Village19914,174 4,232 −1.4% 21.33 195.7/km2
Nigadoo Village1967963 952 +1.2% 7.65 125.9/km2
Norton Village19661,382 1,301 +6.2% 75.35 18.3/km2
Paquetville Village1966720 706 +2.0% 9.26 77.8/km2
Perth-Andover Village19661,590 1,778 −10.6% 8.97 177.3/km2
Petitcodiac Village19661,383 1,429 −3.2% 17.21 80.4/km2
Petit-Rocher Village19661,897 1,908 −0.6% 4.49 422.5/km2
Plaster Rock Village19661,023 1,135 −9.9% 3.04 336.5/km2
Pointe-Verte Village1966886 976 −9.2% 13.76 64.4/km2
Port Elgin Village1922408 418 −2.4% 2.66 153.4/km2
Rexton Village1966830 818 +1.5% 6.18 134.3/km2
Riverside-Albert Village1966350 353 −0.8% 3.35 104.5/km2
Rivière-Verte Village1966724 744 −2.7% 6.70 108.1/km2
Rogersville Village19661,166 1,170 −0.3% 7.20 161.9/km2
Sainte-Anne-de-Madawaska Village1966957 1,002 −4.5% 9.19 104.1/km2
Saint-Antoine Village1966[lower-alpha 3]1,733 1,770 −2.1% 6.32 274.2/km2
Saint-François-de-Madawaska Village1966470 533 −11.8% 6.39 73.6/km2
Saint-Hilaire Village1967252 303 −16.8% 5.68 44.4/km2
Saint-Isidore Village1966764 748 +2.1% 22.94 33.3/km2
Saint-Léolin Village1978 647 684 −5.4% 19.73 32.8/km2
Saint-Louis de Kent Village1966856 930 −8.0% 2.01 425.9/km2
Sainte-Marie-Saint-Raphaël Village1986 879 955 −8.0% 15.90 55.3/km2
St. Martins Village1966276 314 −12.1% 2.35 117.4/km2
Salisbury Village19662,284 2,208 +3.4% 13.54 168.7/km2
Stanley Village1966412 419 −1.7% 17.11 24.1/km2
Sussex Corner Village19661,461 1,495 −2.3% 9.34 156.4/km2
Tide Head Village1966938 1,036 −9.5% 19.43 48.3/km2
Tracy Village 1966608 611 −0.5% 29.46 20.6/km2
Tracadie Regional municipality 2014[16]16,114 16,137 −0.1% 516.61 31.2/km2
Beaubassin East Rural community 1995[17] 6,376 6,200 +2.8% 291.08 21.9/km2
Campobello Island Rural community 2010[18] 872 925 −5.7% 39.67 22.0/km2
Cocagne Rural community 2014[11] 2,649 2,540 +4.3% 66.78 39.7/km2
Hanwell Rural community 2014[12] 4,750 4,740 +0.2% 151.32 31.4/km2
Kedgwick[lower-alpha 4] Rural community 2012[10] 1,979 2,089 −5.3% 658.08 3.0/km2
Saint-André Rural community 2006[19] 772 819 −5.7% 8.04 96.0/km2
Upper Miramichi Rural community 2008[20] 2,218 2,373 −6.5% 1,835.40 1.2/km2
Total cities — — 275,965 272,174 +1.4% 1,041.44 265.0/km2
Total regional municipality — — 16,114 16,137 −0.1% 516.61 31.2/km2
Total rural communities — — 19,616 19,686 −0.4% 3,050.37 6.4/km2
Total towns — — 128,746 129,311 −0.4% 636.49 202.3/km2
Total villages — — 72,880 75,325 −3.2% 1,810.93 40.2/km2
Total municipalities — — 513,321 512,633 +0.1% 7,055.84 72.8/km2
Province of New Brunswick — — 747,101 751,171 −0.5% 71,388.81 10.5/km2

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Kedgwick was incorporated as a rural community through the amalgamation of the former Village of Kedgwick with the former local service district of the parish of Grimmer,[10] while Cocagne and Hanwell were previously local service districts.[11][12]
  2. ↑ St. Stephen was incorporated as a town in 1871, but amalgamated with Milltown in 1973 and renamed St. Stephen-Milltown but the name reverted to St. Stephen in 1975.[15]
  3. ↑ Incorporated as St. Anthony but the name was changed to Saint-Antoine in 1969.[15]
  4. ↑ Figures include the local service district of the parish of Grimmer which was incorporated with Kedgwick in 2012[10]

References

  1. ↑ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data". Statistics Canada. February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
  2. ↑ "Welcome to the Association of Municipal Administrators of New Brunswick". The Association of Municipal Administrators of New Brunswick. 2015. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Municipalities Act (R.S.N.B. 1973, c. M-22)". Government of New Brunswick. 1973. Retrieved April 24, 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Types of Local Governments". Government of New Brunswick. 2015. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
  5. ↑ "Community Profiles". Government of New Brunswick. 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
  6. ↑ "Municipalities (Cities, Towns, Villages) and Rural Communities". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
  7. ↑ "Provincial Archives of New Brunswick". Government of New Brunswick. 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (New Brunswick)". Statistics Canada. February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
  9. 1 2 "Establishing the Regional Municipality of Grand Tracadie-Sheila" (PDF). New Brunswick Department of Environment and Local Government. February 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
  10. 1 2 3 "Rural Community of Kedgwick Regulation – Municipalities Act" (PDF). Queen's Printer for New Brunswick. March 15, 2012. p. 2. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  11. 1 2 "Rural Community of Cocagne Regulation – Municipalities Act" (PDF). Queen's Printer for New Brunswick. March 28, 2014. p. 2. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  12. 1 2 "Rural Community of Hanwell Regulation – Municipalities Act" (PDF). Queen's Printer for New Brunswick. March 28, 2014. p. 2. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  13. ↑ "Miramichi picks Adam Lordon as new mayor". CBC. November 14, 2016. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  14. ↑ "No amalgamation for Sussex area, Haut-Madawaska". CBC. November 9, 2015. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  15. 1 2 3 "Provincial Archives of New Brunswick". Government of New Brunswick. 2015. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
  16. ↑ "Regional Municipality of Grand Tracadie-Sheila Regulation – Municipalities Act" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick Office of the Attorney General. March 28, 2014. p. 3. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  17. ↑ "Rural Community of Beaubassin East Regulation – Municipalities Act" (PDF). Queen's Printer for New Brunswick. March 24, 1995. p. 6. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  18. ↑ "Rural Community of Campobello Island Regulation – Municipalities Act" (PDF). Queen's Printer for New Brunswick. August 31, 2010. p. 2. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  19. ↑ "Rural Community of Saint-André Regulation – Municipalities Act" (PDF). Queen's Printer for New Brunswick. May 26, 2006. p. 4. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  20. ↑ "Rural Community of Upper Miramichi Regulation – Municipalities Act" (PDF). Queen's Printer for New Brunswick. March 17, 2008. p. 4. Retrieved September 22, 2014.

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