Liskeard

Liskeard Cornish: Lyskerrys
Liskeard Guildhall
Liskeard
Liskeard shown within Cornwall
Population	9.417 (2011)
OS grid reference	SX251645
Civil parish	Liskeard
Unitary authority	Cornwall
Ceremonial county	Cornwall
Region	South West
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	LISKEARD
Postcode district	PL14
Dialling code	01579
Police	Devon and Cornwall
Fire	Cornwall
Ambulance	South Western
EU Parliament	South West England
UK Parliament	South East Cornwall

Liskeard /lɪsˈkɑːrd/^[1] (Cornish: Lyskerrys^[2]) is an ancient stannary and market town and civil parish in south east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.^[3]

Liskeard is situated approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of Plymouth, 14 miles (23 km) west of the River Tamar and the border with Devon, and 12 miles (20 km) east of Bodmin. The town is at the head of the Looe valley in the ancient hundred of West Wivelshire and has a population of 9,417.^[4] Liskeard was the base of the former Caradon District Council and it still has a town council. There are 3 wards in Liskeard (including Dobwalls). The total population at the 2011 census was 11,366^[5][6][7]

History

The place name element Lis, along with ancient privileges accorded the town, indicates that the settlement was once a high status 'court'. A Norman castle was built here after the Conquest, which eventually fell into disuse in the later Middle Ages. By 1538 when visited by John Leland only a few insignificant remains were to be seen.^[8] Sir Richard Carew writing in 1602 concurred;

Liskeard was one of the 17 Antiqua maneria of the Duchy of Cornwall.^[10] The market charter was granted by Richard, Earl of Cornwall (brother of Henry III) in 1240. Since then, it has been an important centre for agriculture. The seal of the borough of Liskeard was Ar. a fleur-de-lis and perched thereon and respecting each other two birds in chief two annulets and in flank two feathers.^[11]

When Wilkie Collins wrote of his visit to the town in his Rambles Beyond Railways he had a low opinion of it: "that abomination of desolation, a large agricultural country town".^[12] The town went through a period of economic prosperity during the pre-20th century boom in tin mining, becoming a key centre in the industry as a location for a stannary and coinage.

Present day

Liskeard is one of the few towns in Cornwall still to have a regular livestock market, every other Tuesday. There is a range of restaurants, cafes and pubs in the town, and some shops retain their Victorian shopfronts and interiors.

Liskeard puts on a pantomime in the last week of January and holds a carnival every June. Every July, Liskeard holds a large agricultural show, The Liskeard Show, which is always held on the second Saturday in July.^[13] St Matthew's Fair was originally established by charter in 1266, the fair was re-established in 1976 which runs in September/October.^[14] Every December, there is street entertainment and a lantern parade for 'Liskeard Lights Up', when the Christmas lights are switched on.

Geography

Liskeard and District in the 1920s

Bodmin Moor lies to the northwest of the town. The A38 trunk road used to pass through the town centre but a dual carriageway bypass now carries traffic south of the town leaving the town centre accessible but with low traffic levels. Liskeard is one of the gateway towns for Bodmin Moor.

Climate

Liskeard has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb).

Notable buildings

Stuart House

The town boasts St. Martin's, the second largest parish church in Cornwall ^[16] Built on the site of the former Norman church, the oldest parts of the current structure date back to the 15th century. Other places of worship include a Roman Catholic church and Methodist chapels.^[17]

• The Foresters Hall now houses the Tourist Information Office and Liskeard & District Museum. The Foresters still meet in the town at the Public Rooms in West Street.^[18]
• Stuart House (on the Parade) was used by Charles I as a lodging in 1644, when his forces were chasing the Parliamentarians.^[19] Restored, it is now used as a community building for arts, heritage and community events
• Luxstowe House (1831). Designed by George Wightwick for William Glencross.
• The Guildhall was built in 1859 and has a prominent clock tower.
• The Public Hall was constructed in 1890.
• Webb's House (formerly Webb's Hotel) is a classic early Victorian market-town hotel featuring in royal visits, parliamentary declarations and much more but recently converted into flats and is the home of the local newspaper The Cornish Times.
• Pencubitt House was built in 1897 for J. H. Blamey, a wealthy wool merchant. The house was designed by local architect John Sansom, responsible for many Liskeard homes of that period.^[20]
• The Liskeard Union Workhouse, architect John Foulston of Plymouth (later the Lamellion Hospital).

Politics

For further details of the parliamentary history of the town see Liskeard (UK Parliament constituency)

In the year 1294, Liskeard began to send two members to Parliament, but this was reduced to one by the 1832 Reform Act. The MPs have included Edward Gibbon, author of The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, and Isaac Foot.^[21]

Liskeard is now part of the South East Cornwall constituency, and is represented by Conservative Sheryll Murray.

Education

The first school in Liskeard was founded in 1550 on Castle Hill. For a time it was maintained by the Earls of St Germans, but it closed around 1834 due to a decline in numbers and financial difficulties. From 1835 a series of private schools existed in the borough, until 1908 when Cornwall Education Committee built the County School at Old Road. From 1945 it was known as Liskeard Grammar School until September 1978 when it became the Lower School site of Liskeard School, following amalgamation with the town's secondary modern school.^[22]

Liskeard County Secondary School received its first pupils on Monday 12 September 1960, and was formally opened by the Minister of Education, Sir David Eccles on 7 July the following year.^[23] Costing £100,000, it was built to accommodate around 500 pupils on the site of the current school at Luxtowe. Its glass and steel structure made "free use of fresh air and sunlight" according to local newspaper reports, whilst other modern features included a well-equipped gymnasium, automated central heating and synchronised clocks across the school, operated from the secretary's office.^[24] A new block was opened by the Right Honourable Margaret Thatcher, Secretary of State for Education and Science in 1974, following the raising of the school leaving age from 15 years to 16, two years earlier.^[25] Like many similar secondary schools in Cornwall, from the late 1970s it housed the Upper School (3rd Year / Year 9 upwards), when it merged with the town's grammar school to create a split-site comprehensive school.^[26]

Twenty years later, with increased pupil numbers requiring many to be taught in temporary buildings, the need for improvements to Liskeard's secondary and primary schools was being raised in Parliament.^[27] By the late 1990s, Liskeard School and Community College had been extended at Luxstowe, and the Old Road site closed and redeveloped for housing. Further multimillion-pound science and technology facilities were added in 2002, and the original 1960s and 1970s buildings were completely modernised by 2011. As Cornwall's only school with an engineering speciality,^[28] it now caters for approximately 1300 students aged between 11 and 19, and employs around 200 teaching and non-teaching, full- and part-time staff. It also has a creche, a teenage advice and information service, a centre for children with autism, and facilities at Moorswater where some engineering-based courses are taught.^[29]

There are two primary schools in Liskeard: St Martin's Church of England (Voluntary Aided) School in Lake Lane and Hillfort Primary School on Old Road. The latter was opened in September 2006 following the renaming of Liskeard Junior School after its merger with Liskeard Infant School.^[30]

Caradon Short Stay School (previously known as a Pupil Referral Unit) is located in West Street, on the site of the former Liskeard Infant School. It provides education for students aged 11–16 from across south east Cornwall who are unable to attend a mainstream school or special school. The nearest independent schools are in Plymouth and Tavistock, Devon.

Transport

Liskeard railway station, on the London Paddington to Penzance Cornish Main Line, and the A38 trunk road provide the town with rapid access to Plymouth, the rest of Cornwall and the motorway network. The town is also served by the Looe Valley branch line to Looe. There are regular bus services to various parts of Cornwall.

Leisure and sports

There is a leisure centre at Lux Park on the north side of the town: there is a bowling club on the southern side. The town has a Non-League football club Liskeard Athletic F.C. who play at Lux park. The town also has a rugby and cricket club who are both well-supported. The town has a King George V Playing Field. Live music and various theatrical events frequently take place in the unusual but acoustically good Carnglaze Caverns just to the north.

Leisure trails

There are three trails, each has its own blue commemorative plaque (these were unveiled by former town mayor, Sandra Preston).

• Footpath from the town to the railway station: the path was built by Thomas Lang, who was a former mayor, in 1890.
• Trail around the north of the town centre, including the Parade and the ornamental fountain. The fountain was given to the town by Michael Loam, whose father (also called Michael Loam) invented the Man engine (a device for lifting men up and down mineshafts, and used in many mines throughout Cornwall & West Devon).
• Trail around the southern part of the town, commemorating Lt. Lapenotière, who brought back the news of the Battle of Trafalgar to England. For this Lt. Lapenotière was given a silver spice sprinkler by King George III. The sprinkler is still owned by the mayor's office, and is exhibited occasionally.

Freemasonry

Liskeard has a sizeable Masonic presence with no fewer than eight Masonic bodies meeting at the Masonic Hall on The Parade,^[31]

• St Martin's Lodge No. 510 Date of Warrant, 5 March 1845
• St Martin's Royal Arch Chapter No. 510 Consecrated on 1 August 1865
• St Martin's Lodge of Mark Master Masons No. 379 Consecrated on 26 January 1888
• St Martin's Lodge of Royal Ark Mariners No. 379 Consecrated 1 June 1933
• Duchy Chapter of the Ancient & Accepted Rite of the Rose Croix of Heredom No. 289 Warranted on 10 December 1931
• Duchy Conclave of the Order of the Secret Monitor No. 260 Consecrated on 8 April 1975
• St Martin's Chapel No.27 of the Commemorative Order of St Thomas of Acon, Consecrated in 1998
• St Germans Court No. 97 of the Masonic Order of Athelstan, Consecrated in 2014

In addition to the UGLE lodges, there is also a women's lodge that meets in the Masonic Hall.

Twinning

In 1974 Liskeard was twinned with Quimperlé (Kemperle) in Brittany, France.^[32]

People associated with the town

• Richard Coad - architect
• Richard Hardinge (c1593-1658) - delivered message from King Charles II to Essex the parliamentarian at Liskeard Aug 1644^[33]
• Emily Hobhouse - welfare campaigner
• Joseph Jane (died 1660) - Royalist politician
• William Henry Paynter - antiquarian and folklorist
• Trevor Woodman - former England rugby international, part of the 2003 Rugby World Cup winning team

See also

• Liskeard railway station
• Liskeard School and Community College
• Liskeard and Caradon Railway
• Liskeard and Looe Railway
• Liskeard and Looe Union Canal

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liskeard.

• Liskeard Town Council
• Visit Liskeard
• Liskeard at DMOZ
• Cornwall Record Office Online Catalogue for Liskeard