Colombian Liberal Party

Colombian Liberal Party
Partido Liberal Colombiano
Founded 1848 (1848)
Headquarters Bogotá, Colombia
Newspaper Vanguardia Liberal
Think tank Liberal Thinking Institute
Youth wing ONJL
Women's wing National Organization of Liberals' Women
Ideology Liberalism
Social liberalism
Social democracy[1]
Political position Centre
International affiliation Socialist International[2]
Regional affiliation COPPPAL
Colors Red
Slogan Para que vivas mejor
Seats in the House
39 / 166
Seats in the Senate
17 / 102
Governors
6 / 32
Mayors
181 / 1,102
Website
www.partidoliberal.org.co
La Violencia
Prelude
Murder of Jorge Eliécer Gaitán
El Bogotazo
Political Parties
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
Colombian Communist Party
Presidents of Colombia
Mariano Ospina Pérez
Laureano Gómez
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla

The Colombian Liberal Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal Colombiano; PLC) is a social-democratic and social liberal political party in Colombia. It was founded as a classical liberal party but later developed a more social-democratic tradition, joining the Socialist International in 1999.[1]

The Liberal Party was the dominant force in Colombian politics alongside the Colombian Conservative Party until 2002, when the election victory of independent candidate Alvaro Uribe put an end to dominance of two party politics in Colombia. [3] Currently, the Liberal Party is the second largest party in Congress, and has formed a coalition pact with the Social Party of National Unity, the governing party in Colombia under the presidency of Juan Manuel Santos. [4]

History

The party was founded in 1848 and, in opposition to the Colombian Conservative Party, became one of the two main political forces in the country for over a century.

In the 1940s, the liberal party turned towards socialism under the influence of the charismatic lawyer Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, despite the antipathy it provoked among oligarchs party members and liberal leaders. In the rural area, Gaitanism faced a bloody repression to which its scrupulous respect for legality did not prepare it: 15,000 militants were murdered between 1945 and 1948 by death squads supposedly close to the conservatives. Gaitán himself, then likely winner of the next presidential election, was shot down in 1948.[5]

After the period known as La Violencia the Liberals and the Conservative Party reached an agreement to share power from 1958 to 1974 in the so-called National Front agreement that followed the fall of General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. Nowadays there are many critics of the 16-year agreement but it greatly reduced the intensity of the violent political warfare that preceded it.

Following the end of the National Front agreement in 1974, the Liberal Party dominated Colombian politics until 2002; Liberal candidates won five of the seven Presidential elections and the party was the largest in both the Chamber of Representatives and Senate throughout the entire period.

In the 1994 election the Liberal Party's Ernesto Samper was narrowly elected President. Immediately afterwards he was accused of accepting millions from the Cali Cartel to fund his campaign. While Samper had immunity to prosecution as President, a number of his close associates were convicted of involvement in the so-called Proceso 8000 scandal, including Defence Minister Fernando Botero Zea. Partly due to the scandal the Liberal Party lost seats in the 1998 parliamentary election, although it remained easily the largest party. More seriously, the Liberals were defeated in the Presidential election held the same year.

The Liberal Party suffered a major split in the lead up to the 2002 elections. Horacio Serpa Uribe, the party's unsuccessful 1998 Presidential candidate was nominated to run again. However Álvaro Uribe, a former Senator and Governor from the party launched an independent Presidential campaign, backed by the Conservatives and dissident Liberals. Whereas Serpa supported the then ongoing negotiations with FARC, Uribe advocated confronting the guerrillas. Uribe was victorious in the elections, securing a majority in the first round. In the aftermath, the "Officialist" leadership of the party continued to oppose Uribe's administration, but many Senators and Representatives supported the government, becoming known as the "Uribist" faction. As a compromise, former president César Gaviria Trujillo was elected party leader in 2005.

At the 2006 legislative election, the Liberals lost around half their seats. While they remained the largest party in the Chamber of Representatives, they finished third in the Senate. Horacio Serpa was again nominated as the Liberal candidate for the subsequent presidential elections of 28 May 2006 and won 11.84% of the popular vote, placing him third, the worst ever result for a Liberal candidate.

During the parliamentary elections of 14 March 2010, the Liberal Party obtained 17 senators and 37 representatives, placing third in both the Chamber of Representatives and Senate. At the 2010 presidential election Liberal candidate Rafael Pardo finished sixth with 4.38% of the vote. The Liberal Party went on to join the governing coalition of President Juan Manuel Santos.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Lamb, Peter; Docherty, James C. (2006), Historical Dictionary of Socialism (Second ed.), Scarecrow Press, pp. 211, 278, ISBN 978-0-8108-6477-1
  2. ↑ "Full member parties". SOcialist International. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  3. ↑ http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2006/05/30/index.php?section=mundo&article=035n1mun
  4. ↑ http://caracol.com.co/radio/2017/02/14/politica/1487033970_396585.html
  5. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXlYhBKRXUs
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