Lexmark

Lexmark International, Inc.

Logo used 2015–present
Type	Private
Industry	Business process management Document management system Enterprise Content Management Managed Print Services Enterprise output management Printers
Predecessor	Printer and printer supply operations of IBM
Founded	1991
Headquarters	Lexington, Kentucky, U.S
Area served	Worldwide
Products	Business process management Document management system Enterprise Content Management Managed Print Services Enterprise output management Printers Toner
Revenue	US$3.711 billion (2014)[1]
Operating income	US$149.2 million (2014)[1]
Net income	US$79 million (2014)[1]
Total assets	US$3.633 billion (2014)[1]
Total equity	US$1.281 billion (2014)[1]
Owners	Apex (51%) PAG Asia Capital (43%) Legend Holdings (6%)
Number of employees	12,700 (December 2014)[1]
Website	www.lexmark.com

Lexmark International, Inc. is a Chinese-owned corporation based in the United States that manufactures laser printers and imaging products. The company is headquartered in Lexington, Kentucky.

History

Lexmark Headquarters, Lexington, KY

Lexmark was formed on March 27, 1991 when IBM divested a number of its hardware manufacturing operations, including printer and printer supply operations, to the investment firm Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, Inc. in a leveraged buyout.^[2][3][4][5] Lexmark became a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange on November 15, 1995.^[6]

It was reported in April 2016 that Lexmark would be acquired by Apex Technology and PAG Asia Capital for $3.6 billion USD. Lexmark was set to be acquired at $40.50 per share in the transaction.^[7] Initial talks for the acquisition were begun at the Remax World Expo in 2015.^[8] The deal was closed on November 29, 2016. Lexmark stated that its headquarters would remain in Lexington, and that its enterprise software line of business would be spun off and "rebranded" to Kofax.^[9]

Operations

The firm's corporate headquarters is located in Lexington and research and development (R&D) offices are distributed globally with additional R&D facilities located in Boulder, Colorado; Lenexa, Kansas; Cebu, Philippines; Kolkata, West Bengal, India; Berlin, Germany; Stockholm, Sweden^[10] and Irvine, California.^[11] Lexmark has offices throughout North and South America, Asia, Africa and Europe. The company has more than 12,000 employees worldwide.

Acquisitions

• In May 2010, Lexmark acquired Perceptive Software for $280 million to build upon its software offerings.^[12] Perceptive Software was a software firm that developed enterprise content management (ECM) and document output management (DOM) applications.
• In 2011, Lexmark International purchased Netherlands-based Pallas Athena in a cash transaction valued at approximately $50.2 million.^[13] The purchase of Pallas Athena added business process management (BPM), document output management (DOM) and process mining software capabilities to Lexmark's services.
• In March 2012, Lexmark announced the acquisition of Luxembourg-based BDGB Enterprise, including its U.S. subsidiary Brainware, Inc., for a cash purchase price of approximately $148 million.^[14] Brainware's intelligent data capture platform extracted critical information from paper and electronic documents, validated the extracted data and passed it to customers' data management systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP) and/or financial management systems.
• In March 2012, Lexmark acquired Australia-based ISYS Search Software and U.S.-based Nolij Corporation, both for $32 million.^[15] ISYS built enterprise search solutions and Nolij developed Web-based document imaging and workflow software.
• In January 2013, Lexmark acquired Minnesota-based Acuo Technologies for $45 million. Acuo Technologies developed medical imaging document management software.^[16]
• In March 2013, Lexmark announced acquisitions of AccessVia and Twistage for a combined purchase price of approximately $31.5 million.^[17]
• In late August 2013, Lexmark signed an agreement to acquire Germany-based Saperion AG. Saperion was a developer and provider of enterprise content management (ECM) and business process management (BPM) software in Europe. The company was purchased for $72 million.^[18]
• In early October 2013, Lexmark acquired PACSGEAR. PACSGEAR was a provider of connectivity solutions for medical image management and electronic health records. The company was purchased for approximately $54 million.^[19]
• In September 2014, Lexmark acquired Stockholm, Sweden-based ReadSoft for $251 million.^[20] ReadSoft was a financial process automation solutions company that specialized in software solutions for document process automation on-premises or in the cloud.^[21]
• In May 2015, Lexmark announced that it had acquired Kofax for roughly $1 billion.^[22] Kofax, headquartered in Irvine, California, was a provider of smart process applications. They combined capture, process management, analytics and mobile capabilities to organizations.^[11] This line of business was, in turn, spun off from Lexmark when it was acquired by Apex Technology in November 2016.^[9]

Inkjet exit

In August 2012, Lexmark announced that it would stop production of its inkjet printer line.^[23][24] Lexmark will continue to provide service, support and aftermarket supplies for its inkjet installed base.^[25]

In April 2013, Funai Electric Company, Ltd. announced that it had signed an agreement to acquire Lexmark's inkjet technology and assets for approximately $100 million (approximately ¥9.5 billion). Funai acquired more than 1,500 inkjet patents, Lexmark's inkjet-related research and development assets and tools, all outstanding shares and the manufacturing facility of Lexmark International (Philippines), Inc., and other inkjet-related technologies and assets.^[26]

Legal cases

Lexmark pioneered the use of profits from ink cartridges as a business model, with the result of modifying the legal models of product ownership and patent exhaustion over several years.^[27]

A court victory in 2005 was handed to Lexmark in the case of ACRA v. Lexmark. This case states that Lexmark can enforce the "single use only" policy written on the side of Lexmark printer cartridge boxes sold to certain large customers at a discount, with the understanding that the customers will return the cartridges to Lexmark after using them. This means that these customers can face lawsuits if they breach the agreements, and do not return the cartridges.

Also in 2005, Lexmark suffered a legal defeat in the case of Lexmark Int'l v. Static Control Components, when the U.S. Supreme Court rejected Lexmark's petition for a writ of certiorari, thereby rejecting their attempt to have the Court hear their case. In this case, the defendant was a manufacturer of microchips that allowed third-party ink and toner cartridges to work on printers, including many manufactured by Lexmark. Such printers incorporated a feature that would require authentication from a microchip within the ink/toner cartridge in order to function; this was designed to prohibit users from refilling the cartridges. However, a recent firmware update allowed Lexmark to prevent end users from refilling ink cartridges or using third-party ink cartridges.

Lexmark also lost in the Surpreme Court case Impression Products, Inc. v. Lexmark International, Inc. in 1 7-1 ruling that reversed and remanded a Federal Circuit court decision (30 May 2017):

When a patentee chooses to sell an item, that product is no longer within the limits of the monopoly and instead becomes the private, individual property of the purchaser, with the rights and benefits that come along with ownership. A patentee is free to set the price and negotiate contracts with purchasers, but may not, by virtue of his patent, control the use or disposition of the product after ownership passes to the purchaser. The sale terminates all patent rights to that item.^[28]

See also

• List of Lexmark products

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lexmark.

• Official website
• EFF: Lexmark v. Static Control Components Inc.