Lexington Avenue–63rd Street (63rd Street Lines)

Lexington Avenue–63rd Street
"F" train "Q" train
New York City Subway rapid transit station

Upper platform
Station statistics
Address Lexington Avenue & East 63rd Street
New York, NY 10065
Borough Manhattan
Locale Upper East Side, Lenox Hill
Coordinates 40°45′53″N 73°57′59″W / 40.764649°N 73.966398°W / 40.764649; -73.966398Coordinates: 40°45′53″N 73°57′59″W / 40.764649°N 73.966398°W / 40.764649; -73.966398
Division B (BMT/IND)
Line IND/BMT 63rd Street Lines
Services       F  (all times)
      N  (selected rush-hour trips)
      Q  (all times)
System transfers With MetroCard only:
      4  (all times)
      5  (all except late nights)
      6  (all times) <6>  (weekdays until 8:45 p.m., peak direction)
      N  (all times)
      R  (all except late nights)
      W  (weekdays only) at Lexington Avenue/59th Street
(Transfer stations are not accessible)
Transit connections NYCT Bus: M101, M102, M103
MTA Bus: BxM1
Structure Underground
Depth 100 feet (30 m)
Levels 2
Platforms 2 island platforms (1 on each level)
cross-platform interchange
Tracks 4 (2 on each level)
Other information
Opened October 29, 1989 (1989-10-29)[1]
Rebuilt January 13, 2011 (2011-01-13) to January 1, 2017 (2017-01-01) (for Second Avenue Subway)
Station code 223[2]
Accessible ADA-accessible
Former/other names Lexington Avenue
Traffic
Passengers (2016) 5,033,950[3] Increase 6.7%
Rank 93 out of 422
Station succession
Next north Roosevelt Island (63rd Street): F 
72nd Street (2nd Avenue): N  Q 
Next south 57th Street (6th Avenue): F 
57th Street–Seventh Avenue (Broadway): N  Q 
Next north Roosevelt Island (63rd Street): F 
72nd Street (2nd Avenue): N  Q 
Next south 47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center (6th Avenue): F 
Times Square–42nd Street (Broadway): N  Q 

Lexington Avenue–63rd Street (formerly Lexington Avenue[4]) is a New York City Subway station in Lenox Hill, Manhattan, shared by the IND and BMT 63rd Street Lines. Located at the intersection of Lexington Avenue and 63rd Street, it is served by the F and Q trains at all times, and by limited N train service during rush hours. The station has two platform levels; trains headed southbound to downtown and Brooklyn use the upper level, while trains headed northbound to uptown and Queens use the lower level. This is one of the deepest stations in the subway system requiring several banks of long escalators.

Construction started at this station in 1969, and as a result of the city's fiscal crisis, the station did not open until 1989. Originally, the station was intended to be a transfer point between passengers from the Sixth Avenue–Queens service and from the Broadway–Second Avenue service. This station was designed to allow for cross-platform transfers. However, in 1975, while the station was being built, construction was halted on the Second Avenue Subway. As a result, the side of the station intended for service to Second Avenue, the BMT side, was walled off with a temporary orange brick wall. Also, space intended for an exit at Third Avenue was left unused. While the Sixth Avenue side opened for service in 1989, the other side was only used for storing Broadway Line trains. The station appeared as if it had one side platform on each level.

However, in 2007, construction resumed on the Second Avenue Subway, and as part of the line's construction, the BMT side of the station would finally be used. The orange wall was removed and replaced by a temporary barrier. Beige-white wall tiles were installed on the station walls adjacent to the tracks. The never-opened entrance at Third Avenue was redesigned with multiple elevators, and the station's false ceiling was removed. Before Second Avenue Subway service began operating, the temporary walls were removed, revealing the BMT side of the station. On January 1, 2017, the first phase of the Second Avenue Subway opened, with Q trains, and some rush hour N trains serving the BMT half of the station. Ridership has increased at the station with the opening of the Third Avenue exit and the introduction of Q service. Many passengers now take advantage of the cross-platform transfer available between the F and the Q.

History

Track layout
to Roosevelt Island
 (IND 63rd St Line)
Future Phase 3
Two levels split
below this point
to 72 St (Second Av Subway)
Superimposed tracks section
 (Left tracks above right ones)
to 57 St–7 Av (BMT 63rd St)
to 57 St–6 Av (IND 63rd St)
Lower level
 Upper level

Construction

The current 63rd Street Line was the final version of proposals for a northern midtown tunnel from the IND Queens Boulevard Line to the Second and Sixth Avenue Lines, which date back to the IND Second System of the 1920s and 1930s. The Second System was a plan to expand the city owned and operated Independent Subway System (IND), which often ran in direct competition with the two privately owned subway companies in the city, Interborough Rapid Transit (IRT) and Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit (BMT). As a result, the plan for the line only had it connect to two planned IND lines, the Second and Sixth Avenue Lines.[5]:246[6]:417[7][8]

In 1940, the subway system was unified, with the IRT and the BMT coming under city control.[9] Consequently, plans for the proposed line were modified. The current plans were drawn up in the 1960s under the Metropolitan Transportation Authority's Program For Action. Under this plan, the line was to connect to the IND Sixth Avenue and BMT Broadway Lines.[10] As such, the line connecting to the IND Sixth Avenue Line is the IND 63rd Street Line, while the line connecting the BMT Broadway Line is the BMT 63rd Street Line.[11]:5, 21

Construction on the 63rd Street Line, including the Lexington Avenue–63rd Street station, began on November 25, 1969.[12] The station was built using a combination of cut-and-cover construction and tunneling machines.[13][14] However, after the construction of the Second Avenue Subway ceased in 1975 due to the city's severe fiscal crisis, the BMT 63rd Street Line side, the northern tracks, basically led to a non-existent subway line, so the BMT side was abandoned and walled off with a temporary orange brick wall, and a false ceiling was placed on the upper level's IND 63rd Street Line side, the southern side.[5]:225 Finishing touches were only applied to the IND side of the station.[15] The tracks on the closed-off BMT side were used only to store trains outside of rush hour.[16]

Original station opens

Upper platform in 2010, prior to reconstruction for a connection to the Second Avenue Subway
Eastern fare control

The IND side of the station, the southern side, was completed in 1984,[15] when it was named the Construction Achievement Project of the Year by the Metropolitan Section of the American Society of Civil Engineers;[17] however, it did not open for passenger service until October 29, 1989,[18] due to delays in the construction of the multi-level 63rd Street Tunnel, caused by the financial crisis of the 1970s.[15][1] Upon the station's opening, it operated as a typical one-track, one-side platform station on each level, with only the IND side in use, while the BMT side of each level was hidden beyond an orange tiled false wall. Switches on both levels connected the lines to the west of the station.[19]

East of this station on the IND side are turnouts for a connection to Phase 3 of the Second Avenue Subway, clearly visible from a moving train, which would allow future service from Queens towards Midtown and Downtown Manhattan.[20] Also to the east, the eastbound track of the IND line rises to the upper level of the tunnel, as both IND tracks are located on the upper level of 63rd Street Tunnel for the trip under the East River. The two tracks on the lower level of that tunnel are being connected to the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) via the East Side Access project.[15] The project will bring trains from the LIRR's Main Line to Grand Central Terminal, but, as of December 2016, the lower level is currently unused.[21]

East of this station on the BMT side, the planned track connections to the Second Avenue Subway curved slightly north. After the tracks ended, the roadbed went on for a few hundred feet before ending. With the Second Avenue Subway connection, these tunnels now merge into the tunnels of Phase 1 of the IND Second Avenue Line.[15][22]:93–94

Expansion for the Second Avenue Subway

In 2007, the Second Avenue Subway resumed construction.[23] As part of the project, the station was to undergo renovation to finish the BMT side, which would serve Second Avenue Line trains. The renovation included installation of new platform staircases, new wall tiles, new columns and column cladding, new platform pavings, new entrances/exits, new low-vibration track, and new mechanical, electrical, plumbing, fire protection, and communication systems.[24][25] The contract for renovation of the station was awarded to Judlau Contracting on January 13, 2011.[26][27]

On September 22, 2011, a Second Avenue Subway tunnel-boring machine completed its run to the Lexington Avenue–63rd Street station's bellmouth from 92nd Street and Second Avenue.[28][29] Controlled blasting for the section of tunnel between Third Avenue/63rd Street and Second Avenue/65th Street was completed in March 2012.[30]

The orange false walls at platform level were removed in 2012 as part of construction, but the orange tiles at the Lexington Avenue mezzanine, as well as on the corridors to platform level, were kept for the time being.[31] In spring 2012, temporary blue walls separating most of the IND and BMT sides were erected for the duration of construction.[32]:14–15 Both sides have large white and grey panels on the track side, as well as "temporary" tiles that say "Lex 63" at regular intervals.[33] This differs vastly from the small beige tiles that were on the IND side of the tracks from 1989 to 2013.[34] New platform signs for the Second Avenue Subway were erected in December 2016.[35]

Unused tracks on BMT side under construction in 2013

When the contract was awarded, renovation was estimated to be finished by May 2014, but the completion date had been pushed back constantly, and as of August 2015, the completion date was Spring 2016,[36] though this was later pushed back to Summer 2016.[37] As of July 2015, the renovation was 90% complete,[38] and as of June 2016, 98% complete with only cosmetic finishes and power upgrades to be completed.[37]

To accommodate the increased patronage expected after the beginning of Second Avenue Subway service, the MTA built four new entrances at the intersection of Third Avenue and 63rd Street, leading to a new mezzanine at the eastern end of the station. Passengers travel between the new mezzanine and the platforms using four high-speed elevators, similar to the layout of several other stations deep underground. These elevators are the most space-efficient means of transporting people.[37][39] These entrances opened on December 30, 2016.[40] The MTA inaugurated Phase 1 of Second Avenue Subway service on January 1, 2017.[41][42]

Artwork

Elevated by Jean Shin as visible from the entrance at the southeastern corner Third Avenue and 63rd Street.

When this station was opened in 1989, it had no artwork. As part of Second Avenue Subway renovations, the artwork of Jean Shin was commissioned by MTA Arts & Design to be installed in the new station areas.[43][44]

Shin used archival photographs of the 2nd and 3rd Avenue Elevated train (El) to create compositions in ceramic tile, glass mosaic, and laminated glass.[44] The imagery is manipulated and re-configured with each level having a different design. On the south east-corner entrance at Third Avenue, there are ceramic tiles depicting construction beams and the cranes that dismantled the El in the 1940s. At the mezzanine, a mosaic reveals the sky where the train had previously been present. The platform level features semi-transparent and reflective glass depicting vintage scenes of the neighborhood.[45]

Service history

Station sign describing the out-of-system transfer to Lexington Avenue–59th Street station.

This station opened on October 29, 1989 along with the entire IND 63rd Street Line.[1][46] The Q train served the station on weekdays and the B train stopped there on the weekends; both services used the Sixth Avenue Line.[1] For the first couple of months after the station opened, the JFK Express to Kennedy Airport also served the station until it was discontinued in 1990.[47] The 63rd Street Tunnel had gained notoriety as the "tunnel to nowhere" both during its planning and after its opening due to its lack of connections in Queens, being only 1500 feet short of the Queens Plaza station.[8][1] Lexington Avenue–63rd Street was the third-to-last stop before 21st Street–Queensbridge, the line's northern terminus; the 21st Street station was not connected to any other subway station or line in Queens.[8][1]

On July 22, 2001, concurrent with the closure of the IND Sixth Avenue Line tracks of the Manhattan Bridge, B and Q train service to this station ceased and was replaced with a full-time shuttle. At this time, the northern tracks of the bridge were closed to allow for bridge repairs to take place. The southern BMT Broadway Line tracks were reopened allowing for half of the tracks on the bridge to remain open.[48][49] On December 16, 2001, the 63rd Street Connector, which was built to connect the IND 63rd Street Line and the IND Queens Boulevard Line officially opened, and the F train was rerouted to serve this station at all times, which it still does to this day.[12][50]:5[51]:2[52] When this happened, a free MetroCard out-of-system transfer to the Lexington Avenue–59th Street station was added. This was to provide a transfer to the IRT Lexington Avenue Line for F train customers as such a connection had been provided at the Lexington Avenue–53rd Street station along the previous routing of the F train.[53]

The MTA's plans for Second Avenue Subway service extended the Q train (and selected rush-hour N train short turn trips), running via the BMT Broadway Line, along the BMT 63rd Street Line to serve this station, beyond which the trains turn north and run along the Second Avenue Line to 96th Street.[54][55] This new service pattern was put into effect on January 1, 2017.[56]

Station layout

G Street Level Exit/Entrance, MetroCard connection to "4" train "5" train "6" train "6" express train "N" train "R" train "W" train trains at Lexington Avenue / 59th Street
6M Lexington Avenue Mezzanine Fare control, station agent, MetroCard vending machines, elevator to platforms (within separate fare control)
(Elevator on north side of 63rd Street west of Lexington Avenue)
Third Avenue Mezzanine Fare control, station agent, MetroCard vending machines, elevators to platforms
(Elevator at NW corner of Third Avenue and 63rd Street)
5M - Escalator/stairway landing
4M - Escalator/stairway landing, transfer between platforms
UP Southbound ← "Q" train toward Stillwell Avenue via Brighton ("N" train rush hours via Sea Beach) (57th Street–Seventh Avenue)
Island platform, doors will open on the left, right
Southbound ← "F" train toward Stillwell Avenue via Culver (57th Street)
LP Northbound → "Q" train ("N" train rush hours) toward 96th Street (72nd Street) →
Island platform, doors will open on the left, right
Northbound → "F" train toward Jamaica–179th Street (Roosevelt Island) →
Lower level Track 1 ← LIRR East Side Access (under construction)
Track 2 → LIRR East Side Access (under construction) →
Elevator to Lexington Avenue on the upper platform, before (top) and after (bottom) renovation

From the Lexington Avenue entrance, there are two short escalators and a stair from the northwest corner, a staircase from the southwest corner, and a short elevator hidden around the corner from the escalators.[40] From the fare control, there are two long escalators and a stair to an intermediate level, and then two shorter escalators and a pair of stairs to a lower mezzanine. Here, the bank splits and there are two separate tubes of two escalators and a stair each to each platform. The platform elevator has its own two turnstiles, and makes three stops (mezzanine, upper platform, lower platform).

The station's upper and lower levels are about 140 feet (43 m) and 155 feet (47 m) deep respectively, making the station among the system's deepest. This depth is because it has to go under the IRT Lexington Avenue Line and other existing infrastructure, in addition to the IND tunnels having to go under the East River a short distance to the east.[15] At the original (1989) mezzanine at Lexington Avenue, there are a total of eight escalators, four staircases and two elevators from the fare mezzanine to platform level. There is an in-building entrance with two escalators and a staircase, and another, stand-alone entrance with a staircase, from the street to the Lexington Avenue fare mezzanine. Two additional staircases between the platform levels are at the eastern end of platforms, past the elevator. A third staircase between the platform levels has been constructed.[24]

An eastern mezzanine at Third Avenue, along with stairwells to the platforms, was partially completed in the 1980s but not opened along with the rest of the station. A shaftway, identical to the one on the Lexington Avenue side, contained a single stairway, as well as beams that may have been intended to support escalators. The stairway led up to an upper mezzanine whose street entrance was sealed off.[16] This area was renovated as part of the Second Avenue Subway construction, and the shaftway was demolished.[57] The new entrances under construction for the Second Avenue Subway will add two new staircases, two new escalators, and five new elevators (one elevator from street level to mezzanine, and four elevators from the mezzanine to the platforms).[25] As of April 2016, the new entrances, escalators, and elevators had been completed. The bank of four elevators leads from the Third Avenue mezzanine to both platform levels at the eastern ends of both platforms, replacing the originally planned escalators, as they use the space more effectively.[58] On each platform level, both waiting areas have a piece of the Jean Shin artwork "Elevated."[44] The Third Avenue entrance and mezzanine opened on December 30, 2016.[40]

Exits

1989 outdoor station entrance at Lexington Avenue and 63rd Street
2016 outdoor station entrance at Third Avenue and 63rd Street

There are 3 exits leading to Lexington Avenue that were built as part of the original 1989 station, along with 4 exits to Third Avenue[59] that were built as part of the Second Avenue Subway.[24][40] The elevator between the street level and mezzanine was replaced in August 2015.[60]:6[61]

Exit location Exit Type Number of exits
Within building, NW corner of Lexington Avenue and 63rd Street Escalator and Staircase 1 staircase
2 escalators (1 up, 1 down)
Next to 135 E 63rd Street
NW corner of Lexington Avenue and 63rd Street		 Elevator 1
SW corner of Lexington Avenue and 63rd Street Staircase 1
Entrance 1
Within building at SE corner of Third Avenue and 63rd Street		 Escalators 2 escalators (1 up, 1 down)
Entrance 2
NW corner of Third Avenue and 63rd Street		 Elevator 1
Entrance 3
NE corner of Third Avenue and 63rd Street		 Staircase 1
Entrance 4
SW corner of Third Avenue and 63rd Street		 Staircase 1

Ancillary buildings

This station has two ancillary buildings:

Ridership

In 2016, before the Second Avenue Subway opened, the station had 5,033,950 boardings, making it the 93rd most used station in the 422-station system.[3] This amounted to an average of 16,988 passengers per weekday.[62] After the Second Avenue Subway opened, there was a combined average of 28,150 boardings and transfers every weekday.[63]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lorch, Donatella (October 29, 1989). "The 'Subway to Nowhere' Now Goes Somewhere". The New York Times. Retrieved September 26, 2009.
  2. ↑ "Station Developers' Information". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
  3. 1 2 "Facts and Figures: Annual Subway Ridership 2011–2016". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. May 31, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
  4. ↑
    • "1997 Subway Map", loc.gov, New York City Transit Authority, 1997, retrieved May 12, 2017, Lexington Avenue
    • 1998 Subway Map, New York City Transit Authority, 1998, Lexington Avenue
  5. 1 2 Joseph B. Raskin (November 1, 2013). The Routes Not Taken: A Trip Through New York City's Unbuilt Subway System. Fordham University Press. ISBN 978-0-8232-5369-2. Retrieved August 12, 2015.
  6. ↑ Roger P. Roess; Gene Sansone (August 23, 2012). The Wheels That Drove New York: A History of the New York City Transit System. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 416–417. ISBN 978-3-642-30484-2.
  7. ↑ Project for Expanded Rapid Transit Facilities, New York City Transit System, dated July 5, 1939
  8. 1 2 3 Knowles, Clayton (December 16, 1964). "Proposed Subway Tube Assailed As ‘Nowhere‐to‐Nowhere’ Link". The New York Times. Retrieved September 27, 2015.
  9. ↑ "New York City Transit - History and Chronology". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
  10. ↑ "Full text of "Metropolitan transportation, a program for action. Report to Nelson A. Rockefeller, Governor of New York."". Internet Archive. November 7, 1967. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  11. ↑ Dougherty, Peter (2016). Tracks of the New York City Subway 2016 (14th ed.). Dougherty.
  12. 1 2 "63rd St Tunnel Connector". Congresswoman Carolyn Maloney.
  13. ↑ "Despite Protests, Judge Allows Work on 63d St. Subway Station". The New York Times. May 18, 1976. Retrieved October 20, 2011.
  14. ↑ Burks, Edward C. (September 24, 1976). "Coming: Light at End Of the 63d St. Tunnel". The New York Times. p. 29. Retrieved October 20, 2011.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Brennan, Joseph (2002). "Abandoned Stations: Lexington Ave (63 St) north side". Retrieved October 20, 2011.
  16. 1 2 "Abandoned 63rd street platform & Mezzanine, Circa 2004". ltvsquad.com. Retrieved April 29, 2016.
  17. ↑ "Construction Achievement Project of the Year Award". ASCE Metropolitan Section. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
  18. ↑ "MTA - news - 63 St Subway Extension Opened 25 Years Ago this Week". Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  19. ↑ "www.nycsubway.org: New York City Subway Track Maps". www.nycsubway.org. October 9, 2015. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
  20. ↑ "FAQ: Completed Portions of the 2nd Avenue Subway". nycsubway.org. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
  21. ↑ "Project Overview". MTA.info. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
  22. ↑ Solis, Julia (2005). New York Underground: The Anatomy of a City. New York: Routledge. p. 93. ISBN 0-415-95013-9. Retrieved October 20, 2011.
  23. ↑ Neuman, William (April 13, 2007). "Was There a Ghost? No, Just a Tunnel at the Latest Subway Groundbreaking". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 "February 2012 Newsletter" (PDF). MTA.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. February 2012.
  25. 1 2 "June 2015 Newsletter" (PDF). MTA.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. June 2015.
  26. ↑ "The Launch Box". Retrieved April 29, 2016.
  27. ↑ "Quarter 1 2011 Report" (PDF). MTA.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2011. p. 22.
  28. ↑ Greg B. Smith (June 2, 2013). "Second Avenue subway plagued with dangerous conditions and safety violations". NY Daily News. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
  29. ↑ "Second Avenue Subway has a breakthrough moment; several billion more are all the M.T.A. wants". Capital NY. September 23, 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2014.
  30. ↑ "March 2012 Newsletter" (PDF). MTA.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. March 2012.
  31. ↑ "Subway Disruptions Continue – All in the Name of Progress". Main Street Wire. November 23, 2013. Archived from the original on February 16, 2016. Retrieved May 27, 2014.
  32. ↑ "Second Avenue Subway Project: Lex Av/63rd St Station Area" (PDF). MTA.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. May 29, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
  33. ↑ "PHOTOS: No Rats, No Pillars, No People in This Peek at the 2nd Ave. Subway". Retrieved July 26, 2016.
  34. ↑ Cuozzo, Steve (December 7, 2014). "First look at a Second Avenue Subway station". Retrieved December 8, 2014.
  35. ↑ Xu, Susan (December 16, 2016). "New Q Train Signs Are Up at 63rd Street on the Second Avenue Subway Line". Untapped Cities. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
  36. ↑ "August 2015 Newsletter" (PDF). MTA.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. August 2015.
  37. 1 2 3 "June 2016 Newsletter" (PDF). MTA.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. June 2016.
  38. ↑ "Community Board 8 Second Avenue Subway Task Force Update" (PDF). MTA.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. July 14, 2015. p. 5. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
  39. ↑ 63rd St Reconstruction. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
  40. 1 2 3 4 "Governor Cuomo Debuts New 86th Street Subway Station and New Entrance at 63rd Street Subway Station". MTA.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. December 30, 2016. Retrieved December 31, 2016.
  41. ↑ Siff, Andrew (December 19, 2016). "2nd Avenue Subway Service to Begin New Year's Day: Gov. Cuomo". NBC New York. NBC Universal Media. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  42. ↑ Rivoli, Dan; Sandoval, Edgar; Greene, Leonard (December 18, 2016). "Cuomo promises Second Ave. subway will open Jan. 1". NY Daily News. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  43. ↑ Ben Yakas (January 22, 2014). "Here's What The Second Avenue Subway Will Look Like When It's Filled With Art". Gothamist. Retrieved May 5, 2014.
  44. 1 2 3 Kennedy, Randy (December 19, 2016). "Art Underground: A First Look at the Second Avenue Subway". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  45. ↑ "From Chuck Close to Sarah Sze, a Ride Through the Art of the Second Avenue Subway". Hyperallergic. January 3, 2017. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
  46. ↑ Kershaw, Sarah (December 17, 2001). "V Train Begins Service Today, Giving Queens Commuters Another Option". The New York Times. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
  47. ↑ Grynbaum, Michael M. (November 25, 2009). "If You Took the Train to the Plane, Sing the Jingle". Retrieved July 3, 2016.
  48. ↑
  49. ↑ "New Subway Routes Take Effect Today". New York Times. July 22, 2001. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
  50. ↑ "Review of F Line Operations, Ridership, and Infrastructure" (PDF). nysenate.gov. MTA New York City Transit Authority. October 7, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 31, 2010. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
  51. ↑ "Review of the G Line" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. July 10, 2013. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
  52. ↑ Kennedy, Randy (May 25, 2001). "Panel Approves New V Train but Shortens G Line to Make Room". The New York Times. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  53. ↑ "mta.info – Facts and Figures". mta.info.
  54. ↑ "mta.info – Capital Programs Second Avenue Subway". mta.info.
  55. ↑ "MTA | Press Release | NYC Transit | MTA Advances Work On Second Avenue Subway Service". www.mta.info. Retrieved February 19, 2016.
  56. ↑ McCowan, Candace (December 31, 2016). "Decades in the making, Second Avenue Subway set to open to the public". ABC7 New York. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
  57. ↑ "Map of mezzanine construction work posted outside the construction site". Retrieved July 26, 2016.
  58. ↑ "April 2016 Newsletter" (PDF). MTA.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. April 2016.
  59. ↑ "MTA Neighborhood Maps: Upper East Side" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2016. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
  60. ↑ "METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY (MTA) NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING AND DESCRIPTION OF PROJECTS" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. September 2, 2015. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  61. ↑ "mta.info - Accessibility". Retrieved April 29, 2016.
  62. ↑ "Facts and Figures: Average Weekday Subway Ridership 2011–2016". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. May 31, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
  63. ↑ "news - Second Av Subway Ridership Growing Rapidly". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. February 1, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.

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