Leelanau County, Michigan

Leelanau County, Michigan
County
Leelanau County
From left to right: Leelanau countryside and Woolsey airport, near the tip of the Leelanau peninsula

Flag
Seal
Map of Michigan highlighting Leelanau County
Location in the U.S. state of Michigan
Map of the United States highlighting Michigan
Michigan's location in the U.S.
Founded 1840 (created)
1863 (organized)[1]
Seat Suttons Bay
Largest village Greilickville
Area
 • Total 2,532 sq mi (6,558 km2)
 • Land 347 sq mi (899 km2)
 • Water 2,185 sq mi (5,659 km2), 86%
Population
 • (2010) 21,708
 • Density 63/sq mi (24/km²)
Congressional district 1st
Time zone Eastern: UTC-5/-4
Website www.leelanau.cc

Leelanau County (/ˈliːlənɔː/ LEE-lə-naw) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the population was 21,708.[2] The county seat was until recently the unincorporated community of Leland.[3] On August 3, 2004, county voters approved a proposal to move the county seat to Suttons Bay Township, closer to the county's geographic center. In 2008, the county offices completed their move to a new government center[4] built on 45 acres (180,000 m²) of county-owned land, one mile east of the unincorporated village of Lake Leelanau, where a new county law enforcement center was completed.

Leelanau County is included in the Traverse City Micropolitan Statistical Area of northern Michigan.

In 2011, the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, located in the county, won the title of "Most Beautiful Place in America" in a poll by morning news show Good Morning America.

Etymology

Traditionally, the county's name was said to be a Native American word meaning "delight of life",[1] but it is a neologism made up by Indian agent and ethnographer Henry Schoolcraft, who sometimes gave the name "Leelinau" to Native American women in his tales. He created many faux Indian place names in Michigan, from syllables from Ojibwe, Latin and Arabic. This source contends that the Ojibwas did not use the letter "L".[5] See, List of Michigan county name etymologies.

More recently, however, scholars have established that Leelinau was first used as a pen name by Henry's wife, Jane Johnston Schoolcraft, in writings for The Literary Voyager, a family magazine which they wrote together in the 1820s.[6] Jane Johnston was of Ojibwa and Scots-Irish descent, and wrote in Ojibwe and English. While her writing was not published formally in her lifetime (except as Schoolcraft appropriated it under his own name), Jane Johnston Schoolcraft has been recognized as "the first Native American literary writer, the first known Indian woman writer, the first known Indian poet, the first known poet to write poems in a Native American language, and the first known American Indian to write out traditional Indian stories."[7] In 2008 Jane Johnston Schoolcraft was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame.[7]

History

The county was set off in 1840, and organized in 1863.[1]

Culture

Wineries

There are twenty six wineries on the peninsula.[8] The Leelanau Peninsula sits close to the 45th parallel, a latitude known for growing prestigious grapes. The two Grand Traverse Bays provide the ideal maritime climate and the rich soil does the rest. Northern Michigan specializes in growing white grapes and is known for its rieslings which grow well in the summer months and late fall which Traverse City is known for. Every October the wineries host a harvest fest. Some riesling grapes are spared being picked in the fall to be picked when they freeze, from which Ice Wine is made. Wineries in the Leelanau Peninsula AVA include Leelanau Cellars, Silver Leaf Vineyard and Winery, Raftshol Vineyards, Circa Estate Winery, Forty-Five North Vineyard and Winery, Good Harbor Vineyards, Chateau Fontaine, Boskydel Vineyards, Black Star Farms, L. Mawby Vineyards, Ciccone Vineyard and Winery, Willow Vineyards, Chateau de Leelanau Winery and Cidery, Shady Lane Cellars, Cherry Republic Winery, Longview Winery, and Bel Lago Winery.[9]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,532 square miles (6,560 km2), of which 347 square miles (900 km2) is land and 2,185 square miles (5,660 km2) (86%) is water.[10] The county is coextensive with the Leelanau Peninsula.

The county has the second-highest proportion of water area of any county in the United States, behind only Keweenaw County, Michigan. Lake Leelanau is the county's largest body of inland water, formed from the Leland River dam near Leland. Glen Lake, located within the boundaries of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, is considered one of the most beautiful lakes in the world. A substantial portion of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore lies within the county's borders, including North Manitou and South Manitou Islands. Leelenau has been party to substantial efforts to protect itself from growth, and to foster a nature conservancy.[11]

Transportation

Major highways

Adjacent counties

Government

Presidential Elections Results[12]
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
2016 48.6% 7,239 45.5% 6,774 5.9% 879
2012 52.6% 7,483 46.3% 6,576 1.1% 160
2008 48.0% 6,938 50.9% 7,355 1.2% 171
2004 55.6% 7,733 43.5% 6,048 1.0% 136
2000 57.0% 6,840 38.6% 4,635 4.5% 534
1996 50.4% 5,155 39.3% 4,019 10.4% 1,063
1992 39.2% 3,993 33.8% 3,445 27.0% 2,749
1988 60.5% 5,215 38.7% 3,331 0.9% 73
1984 67.6% 5,356 31.5% 2,498 0.9% 67
1980 57.8% 4,585 29.6% 2,348 12.6% 1,002
1976 62.3% 4,240 35.8% 2,437 1.9% 126
1972 65.8% 3,809 32.1% 1,855 2.1% 123
1968 60.1% 2,798 33.5% 1,562 6.4% 299
1964 46.6% 2,074 53.2% 2,369 0.2% 8
1960 60.1% 2,730 39.8% 1,810 0.1% 6
1956 69.8% 2,987 30.1% 1,287 0.1% 4
1952 74.4% 2,926 25.4% 999 0.2% 9
1948 69.0% 1,928 29.9% 835 1.1% 31
1944 68.2% 2,063 31.2% 944 0.5% 16
1940 66.1% 2,405 33.6% 1,223 0.3% 11
1936 49.7% 1,692 45.3% 1,542 5.0% 171
1932 46.1% 1,527 52.7% 1,746 1.2% 40
1928 62.4% 1,521 37.1% 903 0.5% 13
1924 75.4% 1,792 12.7% 301 12.0% 285
1920 82.3% 2,156 15.5% 406 2.3% 59
1916 53.9% 984 41.8% 763 4.3% 79
1912 35.4% 621 19.6% 344 45.0% 788
1908 66.4% 1,258 29.9% 566 3.8% 72
1904 75.3% 1,464 21.4% 416 3.3% 65
1900 68.4% 1,468 29.5% 634 2.1% 44
1896 64.3% 1,402 31.6% 690 4.1% 90
1892 53.6% 769 34.3% 492 12.1% 173
1888 55.5% 899 41.5% 673 3.0% 48
1884 57.8% 811 40.7% 571 1.5% 21

The county government operates the jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, keeps files of deeds and mortgages, maintains vital records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of welfare and other social services. The county board of commissioners controls the budget but has only limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions — police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc. — are the responsibility of individual cities and townships. Leelenau County recently completed construction of a new jail.

Elected officials

(information as of September 2005)

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18602,158—
18704,576112.0%
18806,25336.6%
18907,94427.0%
190010,55632.9%
191010,6080.5%
19209,061−14.6%
19308,206−9.4%
19408,4362.8%
19508,6472.5%
19609,3217.8%
197010,87216.6%
198014,00728.8%
199016,52718.0%
200021,11927.8%
201021,7082.8%
Est. 201621,765[13]0.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[14]
2012 Estimate[15]

As of the census[16] of 2000, there were 21,119 people, 8,436 households, and 6,217 families residing in the county. The population density was 61 people per square mile (23/km²). There were 13,297 housing units at an average density of 38 per square mile (15/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 93.52% White, 0.25% Black or African American, 3.66% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.34% from other races, and 0.97% from two or more races. 3.29% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 23.3% were of German, 11.5% English, 9.9% Polish, 9.0% Irish, 6.0% French and 5.2% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 95.1% spoke English and 2.9% Spanish as their first language.

There were 8,436 households out of which 29.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.60% were married couples living together, 7.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.30% were non-families. 22.30% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the county, the population was spread out with 24.40% under the age of 18, 5.70% from 18 to 24, 24.20% from 25 to 44, 28.30% from 45 to 64, and 17.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 99.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $47,062, and the median income for a family was $53,228. Males had a median income of $35,719 versus $25,778 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,686. About 3.30% of families and 5.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.40% of those under age 18 and 4.50% of those age 65 or over.

Religion

Leelanau County is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gaylord[17] and the Episcopal Diocese of Western Michigan.

Communities

Cities

Villages

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

Townships

Notable people

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Bibliography on Leelanau County". Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  2. ↑ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
  3. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  4. ↑ "'Nutcracker' performances set - www.leelanaunews.com - Leelanau Enterprise". leelanaunews.com.
  5. ↑ Michigan Arts and History on Origins of County Names. Archived 2009-07-28 at the Wayback Machine.
  6. ↑ Jeremy Mumford, "Mixed-race identity in a nineteenth-century family: the Schoolcrafts of Sault Ste. Marie, 1824-27", Michigan Historical Review, 22 March 1999, pp.3-4, accessed 11 December 2008
  7. 1 2 Robert Dale Parker, Jane Johnston Schoolcraft, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, accessed 11 December 2008
  8. ↑ Leelanau Wineries | Leelanau Peninsula Wine Trail
  9. ↑ Michigan Wines : Maps : Winery Tour Map : Northwest Region Archived 2012-12-28 at the Wayback Machine.
  10. ↑ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved September 26, 2014.
  11. ↑ "Home - The Leelanau Conservancy". The Leelanau Conservancy.
  12. ↑ http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS
  13. ↑ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  14. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". Census.gov. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
  15. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012". Census.gov. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
  16. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  17. ↑ "The Diocese of Gaylord, Michigan : A Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church - Diocese of Gaylord". dioceseofgaylord.org.
  18. ↑ "Camp, Sebelius discuss Leland ties - www.leelanaunews.com - Leelanau Enterprise". leelanaunews.com.
  19. ↑ "Leland offers Sebelius respite from D.C.". Traverse City Record-Eagle.
  20. ↑ Leelanau Visitors Guide 2011.

Further reading

Coordinates: 45°08′N 86°02′W / 45.13°N 86.03°W / 45.13; -86.03

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