Lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase
Lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT, also called phosphatidylcholine–sterol O-acyltransferase) is an enzyme that converts free cholesterol into cholesteryl ester (a more hydrophobic form of cholesterol), which is then sequestered into the core of a lipoprotein particle, eventually making the newly synthesized HDL spherical and forcing the reaction to become unidirectional since the particles are removed from the surface. The enzyme is bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and low-density lipoproteins in the blood plasma.[5] LCAT deficiency can cause impaired vision due to cholesterol corneal opacities, anemia, and kidney damage.[6]
Interactive pathway map
Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. [§ 1]
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Statin Pathway edit
- ↑ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "Statin_Pathway_WP430".
See also
References
- 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000213398 - Ensembl, May 2017
- 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000035237 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
- ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
- ↑ "Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency: Overview, Presentation, Differential Diagnosis". 2016-08-08.
- ↑ Reference, Genetics Home. "LCAT gene". Genetics Home Reference. Retrieved 2016-12-11.
Further reading
- Dobiásová M, Frohlich J (1999). "Advances in understanding of the role of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in cholesterol transport.". Clin Chim Acta. 286 (1–2): 257–71. PMID 10511297. doi:10.1016/S0009-8981(99)00106-0.
- Kuivenhoven JA, Pritchard H, Hill J, et al. (1997). "The molecular pathology of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency syndromes". J. Lipid Res. 38 (2): 191–205. PMID 9162740.
- de Vries R, Borggreve SE, Dullaart RP (2004). "Role of lipases, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and cholesteryl ester transfer protein in abnormal high density lipoprotein metabolism in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus". Clin. Lab. 49 (11–12): 601–13. PMID 14651331.
- Teisberg P, Gjone E, Olaisen B (1975). "Genetics of LCAT (lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase) deficiency". Ann. Hum. Genet. 38 (3): 327–31. PMID 806250. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1975.tb00617.x.
- Cogan DG, Kruth HS, Datilis MB, Martin N (1993). "Corneal opacity in LCAT disease". Cornea. 11 (6): 595–9. PMID 1468226. doi:10.1097/00003226-199211000-00021.
- Skretting G, Blomhoff JP, Solheim J, Prydz H (1992). "The genetic defect of the original Norwegian lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency families". FEBS Lett. 309 (3): 307–10. PMID 1516702. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)80795-I.
- Skretting G, Prydz H (1992). "An amino acid exchange in exon I of the human lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) gene is associated with fish eye disease". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 182 (2): 583–7. PMID 1571050. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(92)91772-I.
- Furukawa Y, Urano T, Hida Y, et al. (1992). "Interaction of rat lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase with rat apolipoprotein A-I and with lecithin-cholesterol vesicles". J. Biochem. 111 (3): 413–8. PMID 1587806.
- Minnich A, Collet X, Roghani A, et al. (1992). "Site-directed mutagenesis and structure-function analysis of the human apolipoprotein A-I. Relation between lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activation and lipid binding". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (23): 16553–60. PMID 1644835.
- Bujo H, Kusunoki J, Ogasawara M, et al. (1992). "Molecular defect in familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency: a single nucleotide insertion in LCAT gene causes a complete deficient type of the disease". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 181 (3): 933–40. PMID 1662503. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(91)92026-G.
- Gotoda T, Yamada N, Murase T, et al. (1991). "Differential phenotypic expression by three mutant alleles in familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency". Lancet. 338 (8770): 778–81. PMID 1681161. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)90665-C.
- Klein HG, Lohse P, Pritchard PH, et al. (1992). "Two different allelic mutations in the lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase gene associated with the fish eye syndrome. Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (Thr123----Ile) and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (Thr347----Met)". J. Clin. Invest. 89 (2): 499–506. PMC 442879
. PMID 1737840. doi:10.1172/JCI115612. - Maeda E, Naka Y, Matozaki T, et al. (1991). "Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency with a missense mutation in exon 6 of the LCAT gene". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 178 (2): 460–6. PMID 1859405. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(91)90129-U.
- Funke H, von Eckardstein A, Pritchard PH, et al. (1991). "A molecular defect causing fish eye disease: an amino acid exchange in lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) leads to the selective loss of alpha-LCAT activity". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (11): 4855–9. PMC 51765 . PMID 2052566. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.11.4855.
- Taramelli R, Pontoglio M, Candiani G, et al. (1990). "Lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase deficiency: molecular analysis of a mutated allele". Hum. Genet. 85 (2): 195–9. PMID 2370048. doi:10.1007/BF00193195.
- Rogne S, Skretting G, Larsen F, et al. (1987). "The isolation and characterisation of a cDNA clone for human lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase and its use to analyse the genes in patients with LCAT deficiency and fish eye disease". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 148 (1): 161–9. PMID 2823801. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(87)91090-4.
- Tata F, Chaves ME, Markham AF, et al. (1987). "The isolation and characterisation of cDNA and genomic clones for human lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 910 (2): 142–8. PMID 2823898. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(87)90066-2.
- Yang CY, Manoogian D, Pao Q, et al. (1987). "Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. Functional regions and a structural model of the enzyme". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (7): 3086–91. PMID 2880847.
- McLean J, Fielding C, Drayna D, et al. (1986). "Cloning and expression of human lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase cDNA". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (8): 2335–9. PMC 323291 . PMID 3458198. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.8.2335.
- Azoulay M, Henry I, Tata F, et al. (1987). "The structural gene for lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) maps to 16q22". Ann. Hum. Genet. 51 (Pt 2): 129–36. PMID 3674753. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1987.tb01054.x.
- McLean J, Wion K, Drayna D, et al. (1987). "Human lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase gene: complete gene sequence and sites of expression". Nucleic Acids Res. 14 (23): 9397–406. PMC 311966 . PMID 3797244. doi:10.1093/nar/14.23.9397.
External links
- Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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