Lebanese Air Force

Lebanese Air Force
القوات الجوية اللبنانية
Seal of the lebanese air force
Active 1 June 1949 – present
Country  Lebanon
Type Air force
Role Aerial warfare
Size 2000 active personnel
55 aircraft
12 aerosonde
Part of Lebanese Armed Forces
Headquarters Ministry of Defense
Motto(s) "Here I am, Lebanon's sky."
Anniversaries The 1st of August
Engagements
Website lebarmy.gov.lb
Commanders
Current
commander		 General Ghassan Chahine
Insignia
Ensign
Roundel
Aircraft flown
Attack Cessna 208
Gazelle SA342L
Helicopter Huey UH-1H
Huey II
Puma SA330
AW139
Sikorsky S-61N
Reconnaissance Raven RQ-11B
AAI Aerosonde
Trainer Robinson R44
Scottish Aviation Bulldog
Transport Cessna 414

The Lebanese Air Force (LAF) (Arabic: القوات الجوية اللبنانية‎‎, Al Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Lubnaniyya) is the aerial warfare branch of the Lebanese Armed Forces. The seal of the air force is a Roundel with two wings and a Lebanese Cedar tree, surrounded by two laurel leaves on a blue background.

History

The Lebanese Air Force were established in 1949 under the command of then-Lieutenant Colonel Emile Boustany who later became commander of the army. Soon after its establishment, a number of aircraft were donated by the British, French, and Italian governments. Britain donated 4 Percival Prentices and 2 World War II-era Percival Proctors, while Italy donated 4 Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 bombers which were mainly used for transportation. In 1953, jet fighters were introduced when 16 de Havilland Vampire jets were received. The first Hawker Hunters arrived in 1959 and were followed by additional fighters through 1977. In 1968, 12 Mirage IIIELs were delivered from France but were grounded in the late 1970s due to lack of funds. In 2000, the grounded Mirages were sold to Pakistan.[1]

The air force, in the absence of advanced fixed wing aircraft, currently relies on a helicopter force and Cessna AC 208 for reconnaissance and attack. The Lebanese Air Force consists of nine squadrons distributed between four air bases.

Combat history

The Lebanese Air Forces have a long history operating Hawker Hunter jets since 1958. A Lebanese Hawker Hunter shot down an Israeli jet over Kfirmishki in the early 1960s and its pilot was captured by the Lebanese Armed Forces. One Lebanese Hawker Hunter was shot down on the first day of the Six-Day War by an Israeli Air Force Mirage IIICJ.[2] The Hawker Hunters have not flown any combat sorties since September 17, 1983. This was at a time when the French and Americans were rebuilding the Lebanese Army. Three F.Mk.70s were made airworthy, and resumed combat operations on September 15. Because the main airfield, Rayak Air Base, had been shelled by Syrian forces, the Hunters had to operate from an airfield in Byblos. The Hunters were finally grounded in 1994 after a minor accident with one of the T.66 trainers during landing and the remaining 8 were stored in Rayak. The last loss took place in 1989 near Batroun during routine training, when the undercarriage failed to lower, causing the jet to crash. The pilot ejected safely from the doomed aircraft and landed in the Mediterranean sea, where he was promptly rescued by the Syrian Army, which then handed him over to Suleiman Frangieh, who in turn handed him over to the Lebanese Army at the al-Madfoun crossing.

During operations in the Nahr el-Bared camp in North Lebanon, lacking any airworthy, fixed-wing strike aircraft, the Lebanese Army modified several UH-1H Huey helicopters to permit the carrying of 500 pound Mark 82 and 1000 pound Mark 83 bombs (all unguided iron bombs, also known as dumb bombs) as well as Matra SNEB 68 mm rocket pods (taken from stored Hawker Hunters). Special mounting pads engineered by the Lebanese Army were attached to each Huey on the sides and belly to carry the bombs. The air force, in collaboration with the engineering regiment, developed and used two dumb bomb variants, the 250 kg LAF-GS-ER2 and the 400 kg LAF-GS-ER3.[3] Usually, helicopters cannot bomb using this method, in comparison to ground attack aircraft, so this became one of the rare moments in history during which helicopters were used in such a way. The Lebanese Army also made extensive use of Aérospatiale Gazelles armed with Euromissile HOT anti-tank guided missiles and machine gun pods.

Air bases

The Lebanese Air Force has four bases:

Squadrons

Second Squadron
Employs: Hunter Mk66C, Hunter Mk70A, and AC-208B Combat Caravan

De Havilland Vampire at the Israeli Air Force museum in Hatzerim, bearing colours of the Lebanese Air Force.
Savoia Marchetti SM.79.

Eighth Squadron
Employs: Aerospastiale SA-342 Gazelle

Ninth Squadron
Employs: IAR-330 SM Puma

Tenth Squadron
Employs: UH-1H

Eleventh Squadron
Employs: UH-1H

Twelfth Squadron
Employs: UH-1H
The helicopters of this squadron are on loan from the squadrons at Beirut Air Base.[4]

Fourteenth Squadron
Employs: UH-1H
The helicopters of this squadron are on loan from the squadrons at Kleyate Air Base.

Fifteenth Squadron
Employs: Robinson Raven R44 II and Scottish bulldog
The squadron is part of the Aviation School, which is also based at Rayak.

Sixteenth Squadron
Employs: Sikorsky S-61N MkII

Current inventory

Aircraft Origin Type Variant In service Notes
Combat Aircraft
Cessna 208 United States attack AC-208 3[5] modified to carry AGM-114 missiles for CAS.
Hawker Hunter United Kingdom fighter-bomber Mk. 70 3[5]
Embraer EMB 314 Brazil attack / COIN A-29A 6 on order[5]
Helicopters
Sikorsky S-61 United States utility / VIP / water bomber 3[5] previously operated by Bristow Helicopters[6]
SA 330 Puma France utility / transport 11[5]
Aérospatiale Gazelle France scout / anti-armor SA342 7[5]
Bell UH-1 United States utility UH-1H/H-II 29[5] 6 of which are Huey II’s[7]
Trainer Aircraft
Hawker Hunter United Kingdom conversion trainer Mk. 66 1[5]
Bulldog T1 United Kingdom basic trainer 3[5]
R44 United States trainer 4[5]
UAV
RQ-11 Raven United States surveillance 12[8] donated by the United States

Weapons

Name Origin Type Variant In service Notes
Conventional bombs
Mark 82 bomb United States Unguided Bomb
Mark 84 bomb United States Unguided Bomb
T-200[9] France Unguided Bomb 400 Kg bomb
LAF-GS-ER2[9] Lebanon Unguided Bomb 250 Kg bomb
LAF-GS-ER3[9] Lebanon Unguided Bomb 400 Kg bomb

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Air force of Lebanon.
  1. ↑ "Air Force". Lebanese Army.
  2. ↑ Griffin, David J. (2006). Hawker Hunter 1951 to 2007. Lulu.com. p. 336. ISBN 9781430305934.
  3. ↑ Njeim, Colonel Antoine; Rima Dumet (October 2007). القوات الجوية (in Arabic). Lebanese Army. Retrieved 4 April 2009.
  4. ↑ "Lebanese Air Force - Order of Battle". Scramble. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "World Air Forces 2017". Flightglobal Insight. 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  6. ↑ "Sikorsky S61 Halat, Lebanon". helihub.com. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  7. ↑ "US Gives 6 Huey 2 Helicopters to Lebanese Air Force". defaiya.com. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  8. ↑ "Heavy U.S. Military Aid to Lebanon Arrives ahead of Elections". Naharnet Newsdesk. April 9, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
  9. 1 2 3
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