X11 color names

In computing, on the X Window System, X11 color names are represented in a simple text file, which maps certain strings to RGB color values. It is shipped with every X11 installation, hence the name, and is usually located in <X11root>/lib/X11/rgb.txt. The web colors list is descended from it but differs for certain color names.[1]

Color names are not standardized by Xlib or the X11 protocol. The list does not show continuity either in selected color values or in color names, and some color triplets have multiple names. Despite this, graphic designers and others got used to them, making it practically impossible to introduce a different list. In earlier releases of X11 (prior to the introduction of Xcms), server implementors were encouraged to modify the RGB values in the reference color database to account for gamma correction.[2]

The list first shipped with X10 release 3 (X10R3) on 7 June 1986, having been checked into RCS by Jim Gettys in 1985.[3] The same list was in X11R1 on 18 September 1987. Approximately the full list as is available today shipped with X11R4 on 29 January 1989, with substantial additions by Paul Ravelling (who added colors based on Sinclair Paints samples), John C. Thomas (who added colors based on a set of 72 Crayola crayons he had on hand) and Jim Fulton (who reconciled contributions to produce the X11R4 list). The project was running DEC VT240 terminals at the time, so would have worked to that device.[4] As of X.Org Release 7.4 rgb.txt is no longer included in the roll up release,[5] and the list is built directly into the server.[6] The optional module xorg/app/rgb contains the stand-alone rgb.txt file.

In some applications multipart names are written with spaces, in others joined together, often in camel case. They are usually matched insensitive of case and the X Server source code contains spaced aliases for most entries; this article uses spaces and uppercase initials except where variants with spaces are not specified in the actual code.

Clashes between web and X11 colors in the CSS color scheme

The first versions of Mosaic and Netscape Navigator used the X11 colors as the basis for the web colors list, as both were originally X applications. The W3C specifications SVG and CSS level 3 module Color eventually adopted the X11 list with some changes.[7] The present W3C list is a superset of the 16 “VGA colors” defined in HTML 3.2 and CSS level 1.

Perhaps most unusual of the color clashes between X11 and W3C is the case of "Gray" and its variants. In HTML, "Gray" is specifically reserved for the 128 triplet (50% gray) . However, in X11, "gray" was assigned to the 190 triplet (74.5%) , which is close to W3C "Silver" at 192 (75.3%) , and had "Light Gray" at 211 (83%) and "Dark Gray" at 169 (66%) counterparts. As a result, the combined CSS 3.0 color list that prevails on the web today produces "Dark Gray" as a significantly lighter tone than plain "Gray" , because "Dark Gray" was descended from X11 – for it did not exist in HTML nor CSS level 1[8] – while "Gray" was descended from HTML. Even in the current draft for CSS 4.0, dark gray continues to be a lighter shade than gray.[9] Some browsers such as Netscape Navigator insisted on an "a" in any "Gray" except for "Light Grey".

Recent X releases also support the W3C definitions. In X11, the original definitions have been preserved (so "Dark Gray" remains a darker shade of "Gray"), but for every conflicting name pair, "Web" and additional "X11" prefixes have been added to ease disambiguation after the merger. The "X11" prefix is an alias for the non-prefixed version, i.e. "X11 Gray" = "Gray" ≠ "Web Gray". The W3C also defined a color that is equal to X11's "Green", but called it "Lime". In X11, this is simply called "Lime", as no such name existed before. It aliases to "Green", i.e. "Lime" = "Green" = "X11 Green" ≠ "Web Green".

Color names with clashing definitions
Color name X11 color W3C color
Hex Red Green Blue Sample Sample Hex Red Green Blue
Gray #BEBEBE 75% 75% 75%     #808080 50% 50% 50%
Green #00FF00 0% 100% 0%     #008000 0% 50% 0%
Maroon #B03060 69% 19% 38%     #7F0000 50% 0% 0%
Purple #A020F0 63% 13% 94%     #7F007F 50% 0% 50%
Colors with multiple names
W3C name[lower-alpha 1] Color X11 name
Hex Red Green Blue Sample
Lime[10] #00FF00 0% 100% 0%   Green
Fuchsia[10] #FF00FF 100% 0% 100%   Magenta
Aqua[10] #00FFFF 0% 100% 100%   Cyan
  1. The original W3C names, as used in HTML4/CSS2, before the adoption of the non-colliding X11 names as alternatives.

Color name chart

The following chart presents the standardized X11 color names from the X.org source code.[11] The list of names accepted by browsers following W3C standards[12] slightly differs as explained above. The table does not show numbered gray and brightness variants as described below. Actual rgb.txt files and other color databases or palettes may differ since they are freely editable by vendors and users. The table shows component values in several notations of the RGB color space, i.e. RGB, HSL and HSV, conversions are done assuming sRGB color space.

X11 color names
Name Hex
(RGB)
Red
(RGB)
Green
(RGB)
Blue
(RGB)
Hue
(HSL/HSV)
Satur.
(HSL)
Light
(HSL)
Satur.
(HSV)
Value
(HSV)
Alternatives
Alice Blue #F0F8FF 94% 97% 100% 208° 100% 97% 6% 100%
Antique White #FAEBD7 98% 92% 84% 34° 78% 91% 14% 98%
Aqua #00FFFF 0% 100% 100% 180° 100% 50% 100% 100% Cyan
Aquamarine #7FFFD4 50% 100% 83% 160° 100% 75% 50% 100%
Azure #F0FFFF 94% 100% 100% 180° 100% 97% 6% 100%
Beige #F5F5DC 96% 96% 86% 60° 56% 91% 10% 96%
Bisque #FFE4C4 100% 89% 77% 33° 100% 88% 23% 100%
Black #000000 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Blanched Almond #FFEBCD 100% 92% 80% 36° 100% 90% 20% 100%
Blue #0000FF 0% 0% 100% 240° 100% 50% 100% 100%
Blue Violet #8A2BE2 54% 17% 89% 271° 76% 53% 81% 89%
Brown #A52A2A 65% 16% 16% 59% 41% 75% 65%
Burlywood #DEB887 87% 72% 53% 34° 57% 70% 39% 87%
Cadet Blue #5F9EA0 37% 62% 63% 182° 26% 50% 41% 63%
Chartreuse #7FFF00 50% 100% 0% 90° 100% 50% 100% 100%
Chocolate #D2691E 82% 41% 12% 25° 75% 47% 86% 82%
Coral #FF7F50 100% 50% 31% 16° 100% 66% 69% 100%
Cornflower #6495ED 39% 58% 93% 219° 79% 66% 58% 93%
Cornsilk #FFF8DC 100% 97% 86% 48° 100% 93% 14% 100%
Crimson #DC143C 86% 8% 24% 348° 83% 47% 91% 86%
Cyan #00FFFF 0% 100% 100% 180° 100% 50% 100% 100% Aqua
Dark Blue #00008B 0% 0% 55% 240° 100% 27% 100% 55%
Dark Cyan #008B8B 0% 55% 55% 180° 100% 27% 100% 55%
Dark Goldenrod #B8860B 72% 53% 4% 43° 89% 38% 94% 72%
Dark Gray #A9A9A9 66% 66% 66% 0% 66% 0% 66% Dark Grey
Dark Green #006400 0% 39% 0% 120° 100% 20% 100% 39%
Dark Khaki #BDB76B 74% 72% 42% 56° 38% 58% 43% 74%
Dark Magenta #8B008B 55% 0% 55% 300° 100% 27% 100% 55%
Dark Olive Green #556B2F 33% 42% 18% 82° 39% 30% 56% 42%
Dark Orange #FF8C00 100% 55% 0% 33° 100% 50% 100% 100%
Dark Orchid #9932CC 60% 20% 80% 280° 61% 50% 75% 80%
Dark Red #8B0000 55% 0% 0% 100% 27% 100% 55%
Dark Salmon #E9967A 91% 59% 48% 15° 72% 70% 48% 91%
Dark Sea Green #8FBC8F 56% 74% 56% 120° 25% 65% 24% 74%
Dark Slate Blue #483D8B 28% 24% 55% 248° 39% 39% 56% 55%
Dark Slate Gray #2F4F4F 18% 31% 31% 180° 25% 25% 41% 31% Dark Slate Grey
Dark Turquoise #00CED1 0% 81% 82% 181° 100% 41% 100% 82%
Dark Violet #9400D3 58% 0% 83% 282° 100% 41% 100% 83%
Deep Pink #FF1493 100% 8% 58% 328° 100% 54% 92% 100%
Deep Sky Blue #00BFFF 0% 75% 100% 195° 100% 50% 100% 100%
Dim Gray #696969 41% 41% 41% 0% 41% 0% 41% Dim Grey
Dodger Blue #1E90FF 12% 56% 100% 210° 100% 56% 88% 100%
Firebrick #B22222 70% 13% 13% 68% 42% 81% 70%
Floral White #FFFAF0 100% 98% 94% 40° 100% 97% 6% 100%
Forest Green #228B22 13% 55% 13% 120° 61% 34% 76% 55%
Fuchsia #FF00FF 100% 0% 100% 300° 100% 50% 100% 100% Magenta
Gainsboro #DCDCDC 86% 86% 86% 0% 86% 0% 86%
Ghost White #F8F8FF 97% 97% 100% 240° 100% 99% 3% 100%
Gold #FFD700 100% 84% 0% 51° 100% 50% 100% 100%
Goldenrod #DAA520 85% 65% 13% 43° 74% 49% 85% 85%
Gray #BEBEBE 75% 75% 75% 0% 75% 0% 75% Grey, X11 Gray, X11 Grey
Web Gray #808080 50% 50% 50% 0% 50% 0% 50% Web Grey
Green #00FF00 0% 100% 0% 120° 100% 50% 100% 100% X11 Green, Lime
Web Green #008000 0% 50% 0% 120° 100% 25% 100% 50%
Green Yellow #ADFF2F 68% 100% 18% 84° 100% 59% 82% 100%
Honeydew #F0FFF0 94% 100% 94% 120° 100% 97% 6% 100%
Hot Pink #FF69B4 100% 41% 71% 330° 100% 71% 59% 100%
Indian Red #CD5C5C 80% 36% 36% 53% 58% 55% 80%
Indigo #4B0082 29% 0% 51% 275° 100% 26% 100% 51%
Ivory #FFFFF0 100% 100% 94% 60° 100% 97% 6% 100%
Khaki #F0E68C 94% 90% 55% 54° 77% 75% 42% 94%
Lavender #E6E6FA 90% 90% 98% 240° 67% 94% 8% 98%
Lavender Blush #FFF0F5 100% 94% 96% 340° 100% 97% 6% 100%
Lawn Green #7CFC00 49% 99% 0% 90° 100% 49% 100% 99%
Lemon Chiffon #FFFACD 100% 98% 80% 54° 100% 90% 20% 100%
Light Blue #ADD8E6 68% 85% 90% 195° 53% 79% 25% 90%
Light Coral #F08080 94% 50% 50% 79% 72% 47% 94%
Light Cyan #E0FFFF 88% 100% 100% 180° 100% 94% 12% 100%
Light Goldenrod #FAFAD2 98% 98% 82% 60° 80% 90% 16% 98%
Light Gray #D3D3D3 83% 83% 83% 0% 83% 0% 83% Light Grey
Light Green #90EE90 56% 93% 56% 120° 73% 75% 39% 93%
Light Pink #FFB6C1 100% 71% 76% 351° 100% 86% 29% 100%
Light Salmon #FFA07A 100% 63% 48% 17° 100% 74% 52% 100%
Light Sea Green #20B2AA 13% 70% 67% 177° 70% 41% 82% 70%
Light Sky Blue #87CEFA 53% 81% 98% 203° 92% 76% 46% 98%
Light Slate Gray #778899 47% 53% 60% 210° 14% 53% 22% 60% Light Slate Grey
Light Steel Blue #B0C4DE 69% 77% 87% 214° 41% 78% 21% 87%
Light Yellow #FFFFE0 100% 100% 88% 60° 100% 94% 12% 100%
Lime #00FF00 0% 100% 0% 120° 100% 50% 100% 100%
Lime Green #32CD32 20% 80% 20% 120° 61% 50% 76% 80%
Linen #FAF0E6 98% 94% 90% 30° 67% 94% 8% 98%
Magenta #FF00FF 100% 0% 100% 300° 100% 50% 100% 100% Fuchsia
Maroon #B03060 69% 19% 38% 338° 57% 44% 73% 69% X11 Maroon
Web Maroon #7F0000 50% 0% 0% 100% 25% 100% 50%
Medium Aquamarine #66CDAA 40% 80% 67% 160° 51% 60% 50% 80%
Medium Blue #0000CD 0% 0% 80% 240° 100% 40% 100% 80%
Medium Orchid #BA55D3 73% 33% 83% 288° 59% 58% 60% 83%
Medium Purple #9370DB 58% 44% 86% 260° 60% 65% 49% 86%
Medium Sea Green #3CB371 24% 70% 44% 147° 50% 47% 66% 70%
Medium Slate Blue #7B68EE 48% 41% 93% 249° 80% 67% 56% 93%
Medium Spring Green #00FA9A 0% 98% 60% 157° 100% 49% 100% 98%
Medium Turquoise #48D1CC 28% 82% 80% 178° 60% 55% 66% 82%
Medium Violet Red #C71585 78% 8% 52% 322° 81% 43% 89% 78%
Midnight Blue #191970 10% 10% 44% 240° 64% 27% 78% 44%
Mint Cream #F5FFFA 96% 100% 98% 150° 100% 98% 4% 100%
Misty Rose #FFE4E1 100% 89% 88% 100% 94% 12% 100%
Moccasin #FFE4B5 100% 89% 71% 38° 100% 86% 29% 100%
Navajo White #FFDEAD 100% 87% 68% 36° 100% 84% 32% 100%
Navy Blue #000080 0% 0% 50% 240° 100% 25% 100% 50% Navy
Old Lace #FDF5E6 99% 96% 90% 39° 85% 95% 9% 99%
Olive #808000 50% 50% 0% 60° 100% 25% 100% 50%
Olive Drab #6B8E23 42% 56% 14% 80° 61% 35% 75% 56%
Orange #FFA500 100% 65% 0% 39° 100% 50% 100% 100%
Orange Red #FF4500 100% 27% 0% 16° 100% 50% 100% 100%
Orchid #DA70D6 85% 44% 84% 302° 59% 65% 49% 85%
Pale Goldenrod #EEE8AA 93% 91% 67% 55° 67% 80% 29% 93%
Pale Green #98FB98 60% 98% 60% 120° 93% 79% 39% 98%
Pale Turquoise #AFEEEE 69% 93% 93% 180° 65% 81% 26% 93%
Pale Violet Red #DB7093 86% 44% 58% 340° 60% 65% 49% 86%
Papaya Whip #FFEFD5 100% 94% 84% 37° 100% 92% 16% 100%
Peach Puff #FFDAB9 100% 85% 73% 28° 100% 86% 27% 100%
Peru #CD853F 80% 52% 25% 30° 59% 53% 69% 80%
Pink #FFC0CB 100% 75% 80% 350° 100% 88% 25% 100%
Plum #DDA0DD 87% 63% 87% 300° 47% 75% 28% 87%
Powder Blue #B0E0E6 69% 88% 90% 187° 52% 80% 23% 90%
Purple #A020F0 63% 13% 94% 277° 87% 53% 87% 94% X11 Purple
Web Purple #7F007F 50% 0% 50% 300° 100% 25% 100% 50%
Rebecca Purple #663399 40% 20% 60% 270° 50% 40% 67% 60%
Red #FF0000 100% 0% 0% 100% 50% 100% 100%
Rosy Brown #BC8F8F 74% 56% 56% 25% 65% 24% 74%
Royal Blue #4169E1 25% 41% 88% 225° 73% 57% 71% 88%
Saddle Brown #8B4513 55% 27% 7% 25° 76% 31% 86% 55%
Salmon #FA8072 98% 50% 45% 93% 71% 54% 98%
Sandy Brown #F4A460 96% 64% 38% 28° 87% 67% 61% 96%
Sea Green #2E8B57 18% 55% 34% 146° 50% 36% 67% 55%
Seashell #FFF5EE 100% 96% 93% 25° 100% 97% 7% 100%
Sienna #A0522D 63% 32% 18% 19° 56% 40% 72% 63%
Silver #C0C0C0 75% 75% 75% 0% 75% 0% 75%
Sky Blue #87CEEB 53% 81% 92% 197° 71% 73% 43% 92%
Slate Blue #6A5ACD 42% 35% 80% 248° 54% 58% 56% 80%
Slate Gray #708090 44% 50% 56% 210° 13% 50% 22% 56% Slate Grey
Snow #FFFAFA 100% 98% 98% 100% 99% 2% 100%
Spring Green #00FF7F 0% 100% 50% 150° 100% 50% 100% 100%
Steel Blue #4682B4 27% 51% 71% 207° 44% 49% 61% 71%
Tan #D2B48C 82% 71% 55% 34° 44% 69% 33% 82%
Teal #008080 0% 50% 50% 180° 100% 25% 100% 50%
Thistle #D8BFD8 85% 75% 85% 300° 24% 80% 12% 85%
Tomato #FF6347 100% 39% 28% 100% 64% 72% 100%
Turquoise #40E0D0 25% 88% 82% 174° 72% 57% 71% 88%
Violet #EE82EE 93% 51% 93% 300° 76% 72% 45% 93%
Wheat #F5DEB3 96% 87% 70% 39° 77% 83% 27% 96%
White #FFFFFF 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 0% 100%
White Smoke #F5F5F5 96% 96% 96% 0% 96% 0% 96%
Yellow #FFFF00 100% 100% 0% 60° 100% 50% 100% 100%
Yellow Green #9ACD32 60% 80% 20% 80° 61% 50% 76% 80%

Color variations

Shades of gray

The complete rgb.txt defines 101 shades from 'Gray0' (black) up to 'Gray100' (white) in addition to 'Gray' and its variants listed above. The shades are apparently defined by the formula GrayN := round(N% × 255) resulting in e.g. 'Gray96' , which happens to be the same as 'White Smoke'. Similarly 'Dim Gray' is the same as 'Gray41' .

On the other hand, 'Gray' lies between 'Gray74' and 'Gray75' ; 'Dark Gray' is not the same as 'Gray66' ; and 'Light Gray' is not the same as 'Gray83' .

These shades are not included in W3C specifications, although drafts for level 4 of the CSS Color module include a similar function gray(). They are still coded without 'Grey' alternatives, but with no space before the digit.

Numbered variants

For 78 colors (not counting grays), rgb.txt offers four variants "color1", "color2", "color3", and "color4", with "color1" sometimes corresponding to "color", so e.g. "Snow1" is the same as "Snow". Unlike base colors, e.g. cadet blue and CadetBlue, these are only coded without spaces, e.g. CadetBlue3. These variations are neither supported by popular browsers nor adopted by W3C standards. Whether or not a certain color has such variants seems random.

If "color1" is not the same as "color", the base color is usually darker. That means its brightness in HSB color notation is less than 100%; about 30 of the base colors are fully bright. The four variants (1…4) have rounded brightness values of 100%, 93%, 80% and 55%, respectively. Their hue and saturation are usually the same except for rounding. In some cases they differ from the base color, though, which may indicate that these variants were specified with alternate definitions of the bases in mind, i.e. their values were adapted to a certain monitor which was commonly done by vendors until the 1990s.

The fixed brightness settings correspond closely to these formulae to determine the RGB values:

color1 := color × 100%
color2 := color1 × 93.2%
color3 := color1 × 80.4%
color4 := color1 × 54.8%

Examples:

Named X11 colors with numbered variants (without grays)
Name Hue Saturation Brightness Standard Variant 1 (100%) Variant 2 (93%) Variant 3 (80%) Variant 4 (55%)
Antique White 34±1° 14% 98% #FAEBD7#FFEFDB#EEDFCC#CDC0B0#8B8378
Aquamarine 160° 50% 100% #7FFFD4#76EEC6#66CDAA#458B74
Azure 180° 6% 100% #F0FFFF#E0EEEE#C1CDCD#838B8B
Bisque 33±1° 23% 100% #FFE4C4#EED5B7#CDB79E#8B7D6B
Blue 240° 100% 100% #0000FF#0000EE#0000CD#00008B
Brown 75% 65% #A52A2A#FF4040#EE3B3B#CD3333#8B2323
Burlywood 34° 39% 87% #DEB887#FFD39B#EEC591#CDAA7D#8B7355
Cadet Blue 182–186° >40% 63% #5F9EA0#98F5FF#8EE5EE#7AC5CD#53868B
Chartreuse 90° 100% 100% #7FFF00#76EE00#66CD00#458B00
Chocolate 25° 86% 82% #D2691E#FF7F24#EE7621#CD661D#8B4513
Coral 10°/16° 66%/69% 100% #FF7F50#FF7256#EE6A50#CD5B45#8B3E2F
Cornsilk 48–51° 14% 100% #FFF8DC#EEE8CD#CDC8B1#8B8878
Cyan 180° 100% 100% #00FFFF#00EEEE#00CDCD#008B8B
Dark Goldenrod 43° 94% 72% #B8860B#FFB90F#EEAD0E#CD950C#8B6508
Dark Olive Green 82° 56% 42% #556B2F#CAFF70#BCEE68#A2CD5A#6E8B3D
Dark Orange 30°/33° 100% 100% #FF8C00#FF7F00#EE7600#CD6600#8B4500
Dark Orchid 280° 76% 80% #9932CC#BF3EFF#B23AEE#9A32CD#68228B
Dark Sea Green 120° 24% 74% #8FBC8F#C1FFC1#B4EEB4#9BCD9B#698B69
Dark Slate Gray 180° 41% 31% #2F4F4F#97FFFF#8DEEEE#79CDCD#528B8B
Deep Pink 328° 92% 100% #FF1493#EE1289#CD1076#8B0A50
Deep Sky Blue 195° 100% 100% #00BFFF#00B2EE#009ACD#00688B
Dodger Blue 210° 88% 100% #1E90FF#1C86EE#1874CD#104E8B
Firebrick 81% 70% #B22222#FF3030#EE2C2C#CD2626#8B1A1A
Gold 51° 100% 100% #FFD700#EEC900#CDAD00#8B7500
Goldenrod 43° 86% 86% #DAA520#FFC125#EEB422#CD9B1D#8B6914
Green 120° 100% 100% #00FF00#00EE00#00CD00#008B00
Honeydew 120° 6% 100% #F0FFF0#E0EEE0#C1CDC1#838B83
Hot Pink 330–334° 53–59% 100% #FF69B4#FF6EB4#EE6AA7#CD6090#8B3A62
Indian Red 55–59% 80% #CD5C5C#FF6A6A#EE6363#CD5555#8B3A3A
Ivory 60° 6% 100% #FFFFF0#EEEEE0#CDCDC1#8B8B83
Khaki 55° 44% 100% #F0E68C#FFF68F#EEE685#CDC673#8B864E
Lavender Blush 339±1° 6% 100% #FFF0F5#EEE0E5#CDC1C5#8B8386
Lemon Chiffon 54° 20% 100% #FFFACD#EEE9BF#CDC9A5#8B8970
Light Blue 195° 25% 90% #ADD8E6#BFEFFF#B2DFEE#9AC0CD#68838B
Light Cyan 180° 12% 100% #E0FFFF#D1EEEE#B4CDCD#7A8B8B
Light Goldenrod 50° 45% 93% #EEDD82#FFEC8B#EEDC82#CDBE70#8B814C
Light Pink 351°/352° 29%/32% 100% #FFB6C1#FFAEB9#EEA2AD#CD8C95#8B5F65
Light Salmon 17° 52% 100% #FFA07A#EE9572#CD8162#8B5742
Light Sky Blue 202°/203° 31%/46% 100% #87CEFA#B0E2FF#A4D3EE#8DB6CD#607B8B
Light Steel Blue 214° 21% 87% #B0C4DE#CAE1FF#BCD2EE#A2B5CD#6E7B8B
Light Yellow 60° 12% 100% #FFFFE0#EEEED1#CDCDB4#8B8B7A
Magenta 300° 100% 100% #FF00FF#EE00EE#CD00CD#8B008B
Maroon 322°/338° 73%/80% 69% #B03060#FF34B3#EE30A7#CD2990#8B1C62
Medium Orchid 288° 60% 83% #BA55D3#E066FF#D15FEE#B452CD#7A378B
Medium Purple 260° 49% 86% #9370DB#AB82FF#9F79EE#8968CD#5D478B
Misty Rose 12% 100% #FFE4E1#EED5D2#CDB7B5#8B7D7B
Navajo White 36° 32% 100% #FFDEAD#EECFA1#CDB38B#8B795E
Olive Drab 80° 76% 56% #6B8E23#C0FF3E#B3EE3A#9ACD32#698B22
Orange 39° 100% 100% #FFA500#EE9A00#CD8500#8B5A00
Orange Red 16° 100% 100% #FF4500#EE4000#CD3700#8B2500
Orchid 302° 49% 86% #DA70D6#FF83FA#EE7AE9#CD69C9#8B4789
Pale Green 120° 40% 98% #98FB98#9AFF9A#90EE90#7CCD7C#548B54
Pale Turquoise 180° 27% 93% #AFEEEE#BBFFFF#AEEEEE#96CDCD#668B8B
Pale Violet Red 340° 49% 86% #DB7093#FF82AB#EE799F#CD6889#8B475D
Peach Puff 28° 27% 100% #FFDAB9#EECBAD#CDAF95#8B7765
Pink 347°/350° 25%/29% 100% #FFC0CB#FFB5C5#EEA9B8#CD919E#8B636C
Plum 300° 27% 87% #DDA0DD#FFBBFF#EEAEEE#CD96CD#8B668B
Purple 271°/277° 81%/87% 94% #A020F0#9B30FF#912CEE#7D26CD#551A8B
Red 100% 100% #FF0000#EE0000#CD0000#8B0000
Rosy Brown 24% 74% #BC8F8F#FFC1C1#EEB4B4#CD9B9B#8B6969
Royal Blue 225° 72% 88% #4169E1#4876FF#436EEE#3A5FCD#27408B
Salmon 6°/14° 54%/59% 98% #FA8072#FF8C69#EE8262#CD7054#8B4C39
Sea Green 147° 67% 55% #2E8B57#54FF9F#4EEE94#43CD80#2E8B57
Seashell 26±1° 7% 100% #FFF5EE#EEE5DE#CDC5BF#8B8682
Sienna 19° 72% 63% #A0522D#FF8247#EE7942#CD6839#8B4726
Sky Blue 197°/205° 43%/47% 92% #87CEEB#87CEFF#7EC0EE#6CA6CD#4A708B
Slate Blue 248° 57% 80% #6A5ACD#836FFF#7A67EE#6959CD#473C8B
Slate Gray 210° 22% 57% #708090#C6E2FF#B9D3EE#9FB6CD#6C7B8B
Snow 2% 100% #FFFAFA#EEE9E9#CDC9C9#8B8989
Spring Green 150° 100% 100% #00FF7F#00EE76#00CD66#008B45
Steel Blue 207° 61% 71% #4682B4#63B8FF#5CACEE#4F94CD#36648B
Tan 30°/34° 33%/69% 82% #D2B48C#FFA54F#EE9A49#CD853F#8B5A2B
Thistle 300° 12% 85% #D8BFD8#FFE1FF#EED2EE#CDB5CD#8B7B8B
Tomato 72% 100% #FF6347#EE5C42#CD4F39#8B3626
Turquoise 174°/182° 71%/100% 88% #40E0D0#00F5FF#00E5EE#00C5CD#00868B
Violet Red 322°/333° 76%/85% 82% #D02090#FF3E96#EE3A8C#CD3278#8B2252
Wheat 39° 27% 96% #F5DEB3#FFE7BA#EED8AE#CDBA96#8B7E66
Yellow 60° 100% 100% #FFFF00#EEEE00#CDCD00#8B8B00

Prefixed variants

Some color names appear to be brightness or saturation modifications of others because they bear prefixes such as Dark, Light, Medium, Pale or Deep, but there is no systematic variation apparent. Several sets, however, feature a Dark variant with 55% brightness and some have their Medium at about 80%.

"Light Goldenrod Yellow" and "Dark Olive Green" are special, because there are no corresponding color entries without Dark and Light prefixes.

Color names with modifier prefix
Color name Base Pale Light Medium Dark Deep other
Aquamarine 100% bright 80% bright
Blue 100% bright complex 80% bright 55% bright
Slate Blue 80% bright 100% bright 93% bright 55% bright
Sky Blue complex 100% saturated and bright
Steel Blue complex
Coral complex
Cyan 100% bright, 50% light 94% light 55% bright
Goldenrod complex complex complex complex
Gray 75% bright 83% bright 66% bright 41% bright
Slate Gray 57% bright 60% bright complex
Green 100% bright 98% bright 93% bright 39% bright 50% bright
Olive Green complex complex
Sea Green 55% bright complex 70% bright complex
Spring Green 100% bright complex
Khaki 94% bright 74% bright
Magenta 100% bright 55% bright
Orange 39° hue 33° hue
Orchid complex complex
Pink 88% light 86% light complex complex
Purple complex complex
Violet Red 47% light, 82% bright complex 43% light, 78% bright
Red 100% bright 55% bright
Salmon complex complex
Turquoise complex complex complex
Violet complex
Yellow 50% light 94% light

Nuances with different hue

Several groups of colors share the same lightness or brightness and saturation. Theses nuances differ only by hue.

100%/25%
     (Web) Maroon, 60°      Olive, 120°      Green, 180°      Teal, 240°      Navy (Blue), 300°      (Web) Purple
100%/27%
     Dark Red, 180°      Dark Cyan, 240°      Dark Blue, 300°      Dark Magenta
100%/41%
181°      Dark Turquoise, 282°      Dark Violet
100%/49%
90°      Lawn Green, 157°      Medium Spring Green
61%/50%
80°      Dark Orchid, 120°      Lime Green, 80°      Yellow Green
100%/50%
     Red, 16°      Orange Red, 33°      Dark Orange, 39°      Orange, 51°      Gold, 60°      Yellow, 90°      Chartreuse, 120°      (Lime) Green, 150°      Spring Green, 180°      Aqua / Cyan, 195°      Deep Sky Blue, 240°      Blue, 300°      Fuchsia / Magenta
25%/65%
     Rosy Brown, 120°      Dark Sea Green
59–60%/65%
260°      Medium Purple, 302°      Orchid, 340°      Pale Violet Red
100%/86%
38°      Moccasin, 351°      Light Pink
100%/90%
36°      Blanched Almond, 54°      Lemon Chiffon
67%/94%
30°      Linen, 240°      Lavender
100%/94%
     Misty Rose, 60°      Light Yellow, 180°      Light Cyan
100%/97%
25°      Seashell, 40°      Floral White, 60°      Ivory, 120°      Honeydew, 180°      Azure, 208°      Alice Blue, 340°      Lavender Blush
100%/99%
     Snow, 240°      Ghost White

Tints and shades with different lightness

Several groups of colors share the same hue and HSL saturation. Tints are lighter than a base color, shades are darker.

0°/0%
0%      Black, 41%      Dim Gray, 50%      (Web) Gray, 66%      Dark Gray, 75%      (X11) Gray, 75%      Silver, 83%      Light Gray, 86%      Gainsboro, 96%      White Smoke, 100%      White
0°/100%
25%      (Web) Maroon, 27%      Dark Red, 50%      Red, 99%      Snow
16°/100%
50%      Orange Red, 66%      Coral
33°/100%
50%      Dark Orange, 88%      Bisque
36°/100%
84%      Navajo White, 90%      Blanched Almond
60°/100%
25%      Olive, 50%      Yellow, 94%      Light Yellow, 97%      Ivory
80°/61%
35%      Olive Drab, 50%      Yellow Green
90°/100%
49%      Lawn Green, 50%      Chartreuse
120°/61%
34%      Forest Green, 50%      Lime Green
120°/100%
20%      Dark Green, 25%      (Web) Green, 50%      (X11) Green / Lime, 97%      Honeydew
146–147°/50%
36%      Sea Green, 47%      Medium Sea Green
150°/100%
50%      Spring Green, 98%      Mint Cream
180–181°/100%
25%      Teal, 27%      Dark Cyan, 41%      Dark Turquoise, 50%      Aqua / Cyan, 94%      Light Cyan, 97%      Azure
240°/100%
25%      Navy Blue, 27%      Dark Blue, 40%      Medium Blue, 50%      Blue, 99%      Ghost White
300°/100%
25%      (Web) Purple, 27%      Dark Magenta, 50%      Fuchsia / Magenta
328–330°/100%
54%      Deep Pink, 71%      Hot Pink
350–351°/100%
88%      Pink, 86%      Light Pink

Tones with different saturation

Some pairs of colors share the same lightness and hue. Theses tones differ only by saturation. Tones are far less common in the X11 set than nuances, tints and shades.

0°/41%
0%      Dim Gray, 59%      Brown
120°/50%
61%      Lime Green, 100%      Green / Lime
180°/25%
25%      Dark Slate Gray, 100%      Teal
240°/27%
64%      Midnight Blue, 100%      Dark Blue

See also

References

  1. Tveten, Julianne (October 11, 2015). ""Tomato" versus "#FF6347"—the tragicomic history of CSS color names". Ars Technica. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
  2. Nye, Adrian (1990). Xlib programming manual : for version 11 of the X Window System (2nd ed. covers release 3 and release 4, major revisions. ed.). [Sebastapol, CA]: O'Reilly & Associates. ISBN 0-937175-11-0.
  3. "~alanc/xc-historical - Partial/incomplete import of X consortium historical RCS up to X11R6.0". freedesktop.org.
  4. Sexton, Alex (12 March 2014). "Last call comments on CSS3 module: color". www-style@w3.org mailing list. World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  5. "ModuleVersions". Retrieved 2014-08-21.
  6. Stone, Daniel (5 November 2007). "Remove all traces of external RGB database (and Speedo)". Retrieved 2014-08-26.
  7. "Netscape.com". Wp.netscape.com. Retrieved 2013-08-14.
  8. "Cascading Style Sheets, level 1". www.w3.org. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  9. "CSS Color Module Level 4". drafts.csswg.org. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  10. 1 2 3 HTML 4.0: Basic HTML data types
  11. Current official rgb.txt from the X.org source tree at Freedesktop.org
  12. "Lists.w3.org". w3.org. April 2002. Retrieved 2013-08-14.
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