List of convex uniform tilings

An example uniform tiling as a church floor tiling in Sevilla, Spain

This table shows the 11 convex uniform tilings (regular and semiregular) of the Euclidean plane, and their dual tilings.

There are three regular and eight semiregular tilings in the plane. The semiregular tilings form new tilings from their duals, each made from one type of irregular face.

John Conway calls the uniform duals Archimedean tilings, in parallel to the Archimedean solid polyhedra.

Uniform tilings are listed by their vertex configuration, the sequence of faces that exist on each vertex. For example 4.8.8 means one square and two octagons on a vertex.

These 11 uniform tilings have 32 different uniform colorings. A uniform coloring allows identical sided polygons at a vertex to be colored differently, while still maintaining vertex-uniformity and transformational congruence between vertices. (Note: Some of the tiling images shown below are not color-uniform)

In addition to the 11 convex uniform tilings, there are also 14 nonconvex tilings, using star polygons, and reverse orientation vertex configurations.

Laves tilings

In the 1987 book, Tilings and Patterns, Branko Grünbaum calls the vertex-uniform tilings Archimedean in parallel to the Archimedean solids. Their dual tilings are called Laves tilings in honor of crystallographer Fritz Laves.[1] [2] They're also called Shubnikov–Laves tilings after Shubnikov, Alekseĭ Vasilʹevich.[3] John Conway calls the uniform duals Catalan tilings, in parallel to the Catalan solid polyhedra.

The Laves tilings have vertices at the centers of the regular polygons, and edges connecting centers of regular polygons that share an edge. The tiles of the Laves tilings are called planigons. This includes the 3 regular tiles (triangle, square and pentagon) and 8 irregular ones.[4] Each vertex has edges evenly spaced around it. Three dimensional analogues of the planigons are called stereohedrons.

These dual tilings are listed by their face configuration, the number of faces at each vertex of a face. For example V4.8.8 means isosceles triangle tiles with one corner with four triangles, and two corners containing eight triangles.

Eleven planigons
TrianglesQuadrilateralsPentagonsHexagon

V6.6.6
V4.8.8
V4.6.12
V3.12.12
V4.4.4.4
V3.6.3.6
V3.4.6.4
V3.3.4.3.4
V3.3.3.3.6
V3.3.3.4.4
V3.3.3.3.3.3

Convex uniform tilings of the Euclidean plane

All reflectional forms can be made by Wythoff constructions, represented by Wythoff symbols, or Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams, each operating upon one of three Schwarz triangle (4,4,2), (6,3,2), or (3,3,3), with symmetry represented by Coxeter groups: [4,4], [6,3], or [3[3]]. Alternated forms such as the snub can also be represented by special markups within each system. Only one uniform tiling can't be constructed by a Wythoff process, but can be made by an elongation of the triangular tiling. An orthogonal mirror construction [∞,2,∞] also exists, seen as two sets of parallel mirrors making a rectangular fundamental domain. If the domain is square, this symmetry can be doubled by a diagonal mirror into the [4,4] family.

Families:

The [4,4] group family

Uniform tilings
(Platonic and Archimedean)		 Vertex figure and dual face
Wythoff symbol(s)
Symmetry group
Coxeter diagram(s)		 Dual-uniform tilings
(called Laves or Catalan tilings)

Square tiling (quadrille)
4.4.4.4 (or 44)
4 | 2 4
p4m, [4,4], (*442)
self-dual (quadrille)

Truncated square tiling (truncated quadrille)
4.8.8
2 | 4 4
4 4 2 |
p4m, [4,4], (*442)

or
Tetrakis square tiling (kisquadrille)

Snub square tiling (snub quadrille)
3.3.4.3.4
| 4 4 2
p4g, [4+,4], (4*2)

or
Cairo pentagonal tiling (4-fold pentille)

The [6,3] group family

Platonic and Archimedean tilings Vertex figure and dual face
Wythoff symbol(s)
Symmetry group
Coxeter diagram(s)		 Dual Laves tilings

Hexagonal tiling (hextille)
6.6.6 (or 63)
3 | 6 2
2 6 | 3
3 3 3 |
p6m, [6,3], (*632)
Triangular tiling (deltille)

Trihexagonal tiling (hexadeltille)
(3.6)2
2 | 6 3
3 3 | 3
p6m, [6,3], (*632)

=
Rhombille tiling (rhombille)

Truncated hexagonal tiling (truncated hextille)
3.12.12
2 3 | 6
p6m, [6,3], (*632)
Triakis triangular tiling (kisdeltille)

Triangular tiling (deltille)
3.3.3.3.3.3 (or 36)
6 | 3 2
3 | 3 3
| 3 3 3
p6m, [6,3], (*632)


=

Hexagonal tiling (hextille)

Rhombitrihexagonal tiling (rhombihexadeltille)
3.4.6.4
3 | 6 2
p6m, [6,3], (*632)
Deltoidal trihexagonal tiling (tetrille)

Truncated trihexagonal tiling (truncated hexadeltille)
4.6.12
2 6 3 |
p6m, [6,3], (*632)
Kisrhombille tiling (kisrhombille)

Snub trihexagonal tiling (snub hextille)
3.3.3.3.6
| 6 3 2
p6, [6,3]+, (632)
Floret pentagonal tiling (6-fold pentille)

Non-Wythoffian uniform tiling

Platonic and Archimedean tilings Vertex figure and dual face
Wythoff symbol(s)
Symmetry group
Coxeter diagram		 Dual Laves tilings

Elongated triangular tiling (isosnub quadrille)
3.3.3.4.4
2 | 2 (2 2)
cmm, [∞,2+,∞], (2*22)
Prismatic pentagonal tiling (iso(4-)pentille)

Uniform colorings

There are a total of 32 uniform colorings of the 11 uniform tilings:

  1. Triangular tiling - 9 uniform colorings, 4 wythoffian, 5 nonwythoffian
  2. Square tiling - 9 colorings: 7 wythoffian, 2 nonwythoffian
  3. Hexagonal tiling - 3 colorings, all wythoffian
  4. Trihexagonal tiling - 2 colorings, both wythoffian
  5. Snub square tiling - 2 colorings, both alternated wythoffian
  6. Truncated square tiling - 2 colorings, both wythoffian
  7. Truncated hexagonal tiling - 1 coloring, wythoffian
  8. Rhombitrihexagonal tiling - 1 coloring, wythoffian
  9. Truncated trihexagonal tiling - 1 coloring, wythoffian
  10. Snub hexagonal tiling - 1 coloring, alternated wythoffian
  11. Elongated triangular tiling - 3 coloring, nonwythoffian

See also

References

  1. ↑ Grünbaum, Branko; Shephard, G. C. (1987). Tilings and Patterns. W. H. Freeman and Company. pp. 59, 96. ISBN 0-7167-1193-1.
  2. ↑ The Symmetries of things, Chapter 21, Naming the Archimedean and Catalan polyhedra and tilings, Euclidean Plane Tessellations, p. 288
  3. ↑ Encyclopaedia of Mathematics: Orbit - Rayleigh Equation edited by Michiel Hazewinkel, 1991
  4. ↑ Ivanov, A. B. (2001) [1994], "Planigon", in Hazewinkel, Michiel, Encyclopedia of Mathematics, Springer Science+Business Media B.V. / Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 978-1-55608-010-4

Further reading

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