Laurence M. Keitt

Laurence M. Keitt
Member of the C.S. Congress
from South Carolina
In office
February 8, 1861 – February 17, 1862
Preceded by Position established
Succeeded by Position abolished
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from South Carolina's 3rd district
In office
August 6, 1856 – December 1860
Preceded by Laurence Keitt
Succeeded by Manuel Corley (1868)
In office
March 4, 1853 – July 15, 1856
Preceded by Joseph Woodward
Succeeded by Laurence Keitt
Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from Orange Parish
In office
November 27, 1848 – March 4, 1853
Personal details
Born Laurence Massillon Keitt
(1824-10-04)October 4, 1824
Orangeburg County, South Carolina
(present-day Calhoun County, South Carolina)
Died June 2, 1864(1864-06-02) (aged 39)
Richmond, Virginia
Resting place West End Cemetery,
St. Matthews, South Carolina
Nationality American
Political party Democratic
Alma mater South Carolina College
Occupation Planter, lawyer, politician
Military service
Allegiance  Confederate States
Service/branch  Confederate States Army
Years of service 1862-1864
Rank Colonel
Battles/wars

American Civil War

[note 1][note 2]

Laurence M. Keitt (born Laurence Massillon Keitt; October 4, 1824 – June 2, 1864) was an American planter, lawyer, politician, and soldier from South Carolina. During his tenure in the United States House of Representatives, he was included in several lists of Fire-Eaters—men who adamantly urged the secession of southern states from the United States, and who resisted measures of compromise and reconciliation, leading to the American Civil War.

Keitt is notable for being involved in two separate acts of legislative violence in the Congressional chambers. In the first, Keitt assisted Representative Preston Brooks (D-SC) in his 1856 attack on Senator Charles Sumner (R-MA) in the Senate chamber by brandishing a pistol and cane to prevent other Senators from coming to Sumner's aid. The second was in 1858, when he attacked and attempted to choke Representative Galusha Grow (R-PA) during an argument on the floor of the U.S. House.

When the Civil War began, he served as a deputy of the Provisional Confederate States Congress and later as a colonel in the Confederate States Army, until he was mortally wounded at the Battle of Cold Harbor in June 1864.

Early life and education

Keitt was born at Puritan Farm in Orangeburg County (present-day Calhoun County, South Carolina).[1] He graduated from South Carolina College in 1843, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1845, and practiced in Orangeburg.

Career

Early career

A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1848 to 1853. From 1853 to 1856 he served in the U.S. House of Representative from South Carolina's 3rd District.

Caning of Charles Sumner

Keitt was censured by the House in 1856 for aiding Rep. Preston Brooks in his Caning of Charles Sumner. Brooks had considered challenging Sumner to a duel after Sumner's anti-slavery The Crime Against Kansas speech, which Brooks interpreted as an insult to his cousin, Senator Andrew Butler. After consulting with Keitt and deciding that Sumner was no gentleman, and therefore not worthy of a duel, Brooks resolved to beat Sumner with a cane instead.

With Keitt and Virginia Representative Henry A. Edmundson on hand to assist, on May 22, 1856 Brooks entered the Senate chamber and began beating the defenseless Sumner with his gold-headed cane, while Edmundson and Keitt prevented others from stopping Brooks or aiding Sumner. Keitt drew a pistol from his belt and brandished his own cane, holding off the horror-struck Senators who tried to assist Sumner, loudly announcing "Let them be!" In July the House censured Keitt for his part in the attack. He resigned in order to create a vacancy that would be filled by special election, thus giving his constituents the opportunity to ratify or condemn his conduct. They supported Keitt's actions, overwhelmingly returning him to Congress in the August special election. He served until December 1860, when South Carolina seceded from the Union.

Later career

On February 5, 1858, Keitt started a massive brawl on the House floor during a tense late-night debate. Keitt, offended by Pennsylvania Congressman (and later Speaker of the House) Galusha A. Grow, a Republican, having stepped over to the Democratic side of the House chamber, dismissively demanded that Grow sit down, calling him a "black Republican puppy". Grow responded by telling Keitt that "No negro-driver shall crack his whip over me." Keitt became enraged and went for Grow's throat, shouting that he would "choke [him] for that". A large brawl involving approximately 50 representatives erupted on the House floor, ending only when a missed punch from Rep. Cadwallader Washburn of Wisconsin upended the hairpiece of Rep. William Barksdale of Mississippi. The embarrassed Barksdale accidentally replaced the wig backwards, causing both sides to erupt in spontaneous laughter.[2][3]

Perhaps Keitt's most famous quotation best summarized his political views and dominant agenda. In 1860, Congressman Keitt said, "The anti-slavery party contends that slavery is wrong in itself, and the Government is a consolidated national democracy. We of the South contend that slavery is right, and that this is a confederate Republic of sovereign States."[4]

After South Carolina's secession Keitt served as a delegate to the Provisional Confederate Congress from 1861 to 1862.

American Civil War and death

Keitt later joined the Confederate States Army, and attained the rank of colonel as commander of the 20th South Carolina Volunteer Infantry Regiment. He later commanded Kershaw's Brigade, succeeding to this position after Kershaw advanced to command of a division.

Mortally wounded at the Battle of Cold Harbor on June 1, 1864, Keitt died the next day near Richmond, Virginia. He is buried at West End Cemetery in St. Matthews, South Carolina.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Keitt resigned his seat after aiding in the beating of Senator Charles Sumner, and won the special election to fill the vacancy. Like Brooks, Keitt resigned as a way to have his constituents ratify his conduct by voting in a special election. Brooks and Keitt were both reelected easily.
  2. ↑ Due to South Carolina's secession, the House seat was empty for almost eight years before Corley succeeded Keitt.

References

  1. ↑ John W. Califf, III; Jeanne W. Ulmer (January 1973). "Puritan Farm" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places nomination. NRHP. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  2. ↑ Allan L. Damon (December 1975). "Filibuster". American Heritage Magazine. 27 (1).
  3. ↑ Congressional Globe. 35th Cong., 1st sess. 8 Feb. 1858. 603.
  4. ↑ Keitt, Lawrence M. (January 25, 1860). Congressman from South Carolina, in a speech to the House. Taken from a photocopy of the Congressional Globe, supplied by Steve Miller. The anti-slavery party contends that slavery is wrong in itself, and the Government is a consolidated national democracy. We of the South contend that slavery is right, and that this is a confederate Republic of sovereign States.

Further reading

Holt Merchant, South Carolina Fire-Eater: The Life of Laurence Massillon Keitt, 1824-1864 (University of South Carolina Press, 2014)'

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